Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lu Xiang, Mingyang Wu, Yan Wang, Si Liu, Qian Lin, Gang Luo, Lin Xiao
Summary: There is a non-linear inverse J-shaped relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake and serum Klotho levels among American adults aged 40-79, with the highest levels observed at a carbohydrate intake of 48.92% to 56.20%.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emily E. Perszyk, Zach Hutelin, Jessica Trinh, Arsene Kanyamibwa, Sophie Fromm, Xue S. Davis, Kathryn M. Wall, Kyle D. Flack, Alexandra G. DiFeliceantonio, Dana M. Small
Summary: This study aimed to replicate previous findings that individuals with healthy weight bid the most for combo foods, but this effect was not seen in those with overweight/obesity. Additionally, contrary to previous reports, there was a negative relationship between the actual energy density of snacks and bid amount, which was mediated by food price. These findings suggest altered macronutrient reinforcement in obesity and highlight potential influences of the food environment on food reward regulation.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
David S. Ludwig, Frank B. Hu, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Walter C. Willett
Summary: Worldwide dietary guidelines in the late 20th century promoted a low-fat diet based on the belief that dietary fat causes excess weight gain. However, recent high-quality evidence refutes this association. Substituting carbohydrates for unsaturated fat may increase insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease, particularly in populations with prevalent insulin resistance. Therefore, the recent WHO recommendation to limit dietary fat to <= 30% seems ill advised and should be reconsidered.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Deaglan McCullough, Tanja Harrison, Lynne M. Boddy, Kevin J. Enright, Farzad Amirabdollahian, Michael A. Schmidt, Katrina Doenges, Kevin Quinn, Nichole Reisdorph, Mohsen Mazidi, Katie E. Lane, Claire E. Stewart, Ian G. Davies
Summary: This study investigated the effects of LCHF and HCLF diets on CMD markers, the metabolome, and insulin resistance markers. The results showed that both diets improved insulin resistance markers and CMD markers. LCHF diet may enhance insulin sensitivity by increasing lipid oxidation.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Derek C. Miketinas, Wesley J. Tucker, Crystal C. Douglas, Mindy A. Patterson
Summary: This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to estimate dietary fiber intake in US adults and examine its associations with diabetes status and glycemic outcomes. The findings showed that adults with type II diabetes had higher fiber intake compared to those without diabetes, but overall intake was suboptimal across all groups. In adults without diabetes, fiber intake was associated with improved glycemic outcomes and insulin resistance.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rocio Zamanillo-Campos, Alice Chaplin, Dora Romaguera, Itziar Abete, Jordi Salas-Salvado, Vicente Martin, Ramon Estruch, Josep Vidal, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Nancy Babio, Francisca Fiol, Jose Antonio de Paz, Rosa Casas, Romina Olbeyra, Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez, Jesus F. Garcia-Gavilan, Albert Goday, Cesar Fernandez-Lazaro, J. Alfredo Martinez, Frank B. Hu, Jadwiga Konieczna
Summary: This prospective study found that improvements in dietary carbohydrate quality over a year were associated with concurrent favorable changes in visceral and overall fat deposition. Fibre intake and the wholegrain/total grain ratio showed the strongest inverse associations with all adiposity indicators.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Josefina Orliacq, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Sion A. Parry, Rebecca K. Kelly, Dimitrios A. Koutoukidis, Jennifer L. Carter
Summary: This study found that different types and sources of carbohydrates have varying associations with liver fat content. Intake of fiber, non-free sugars, and starch from whole grains were inversely associated with liver fat content, while intake of starch from refined grains was positively associated with liver fat content.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Y. Shi, Wei Zhou
Summary: This study investigates the correlation between Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) and stroke, focusing on the high-risk group of stroke patients with high body mass index (BMI). The findings reveal that higher DII levels are associated with increased stroke risk, a relationship that is amplified by higher BMI.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeff S. Volek, Stephen D. Phinney, Ronald M. Krauss, Richard J. Johnson, Laura R. Saslow, Barbara Gower, William S. Yancy, Janet C. King, Frederick M. Hecht, Nina Teicholz, Bruce R. Bistrian, Osama Hamdy
Summary: The decades-long dietary experiment outlined in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, focusing on limiting fat and increasing carbohydrate intake, has not been effective in addressing the escalating epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is argued that personalizing the level of dietary carbohydrate should be a high priority based on evidence of metabolic variability among Americans.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yingga Wu, Sumei Hu, Dengbao Yang, Li Li, Baoguo Li, Lu Wang, Min Li, Guanlin Wang, Jianbo Li, Yanchao Xu, Xueying Zhang, Chaoqun Niu, John R. Speakman
Summary: Increasing dietary fat is positively associated with variations in food intake and body weight in mice, while dietary protein and carbohydrate intake do not show significant relationships. Variations in fat and lean mass are not significantly influenced by dietary protein, fat, or carbohydrate levels.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lukas Schwingshackl, Jasmin Zaehringer, Jessica Beyerbach, Sarah S. Werner, Blin Nagavci, Helmut Heseker, Berthold Koletzko, Joerg J. Meerpohl
Summary: The scoping review highlighted the wide range of recommendations on dietary fat intake in dietary guidelines, with most guidelines suggesting a daily total fat intake of 30-35% of total energy intake, emphasizing the replacement of saturated fatty acids with unsaturated fatty acids, and the avoidance of industrial trans fats.
ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chun Zhou, Zhuxian Zhang, Mengyi Liu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Huan Li, Panpan He, Qinqin Li, Chengzhang Liu, Xianhui Qin
Summary: The study found a U-shaped association between the percentage of energy from carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes, with the lowest risk at 49-56% of carbohydrate intake. There was an L-shaped association between high-quality carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes, and a J-shaped association of low-quality carbohydrate intake with new-onset diabetes. The findings suggest that consuming high-quality carbohydrates and substituting plant-based products for low-quality carbohydrates may help prevent diabetes.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Keith T. Ayoob
Summary: The 2025-2030 United States Dietary Guidelines process is ongoing, with a focus on whether starchy vegetables and grains should be interchangeable and categorized separately. Menu modeling analyses suggest that replacing starchy vegetables with grains can result in a decline in key nutrients.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Adam Drewnowski, Matthieu Maillot, Yanni Papanikolaou, Julie Miller Jones, Judith Rodriguez, Joanne Slavin, Siddhartha S. Angadi, Kevin B. Comerford
Summary: Existing metrics of carbohydrate food quality may not accurately assess the nutritional quality of various healthy carbohydrate foods. This report introduces a new carbohydrate food scoring system that incorporates additional dietary components, such as whole grains, potassium, and sodium, to better evaluate the nutritional quality of foods.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zoha Akbar, Zumin Shi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and circadian syndrome (CircS). Two major dietary patterns were identified, with the Western pattern positively associated with CircS and the prudent pattern inversely associated with CircS.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah Maria Barneze Costa, Raghavendra Lakshmana Shetty Hallur, David Rafael Abreu Reyes Postdoc, Juliana Ferreira Floriano Postdoc, Maria Antonieta de Barros Leite Carvalhaes, Helio Rubens de Carvalho Nunes, Luis Sobrevia, Paola Valero, Angelica Mercia Pascon Barbosa, Marilza Cunha Vieira Rudge
Summary: This study aimed to assess maternal dietary intake patterns, anthropometric measures, and biochemical markers in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence. The results showed that pregnant women in the gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence group had higher body mass index, arm circumference, and triceps skinfold than the other groups, indicating an obesogenic maternal environment. Significant differences in dietary food intake were also observed. The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive strategy for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence to address obesity and micronutrient deficiencies.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Aikaterina Vasileiou, Dominique Searle, Sofus C. Larsen, Faidon Magkos, Graham Horgan, R. James Stubbs, Ines Santos, Antonio L. Palmeira, Berit L. Heitmann
Summary: The study compared self-reported total energy intake with total energy expenditure estimated from Fitbit Charge 2 algorithms. The results showed that self-reported energy intake was generally lower than energy expenditure, and the degree of underestimation varied among different populations.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ziya Erokay Metin, Ozge Mengi Celik, Nevra Koc
Summary: This study demonstrates a significant relationship between climate change awareness and sustainable and healthy eating behaviors as well as adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carolline Santos Miranda, Flavia Maria Silva-Veiga, Daiana Araujo Santana-Oliveira, Isabela Macedo Lopes Vasques-Monteiro, Julio Beltrame Daleprane, Vanessa Souza-Mello
Summary: This study investigates the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation on thermogenic pathways and mitochondrial metabolism in mouse adipose tissue. The results show that activation of PPARa and dual PPARa/y can reduce body mass, mitigate insulin resistance, and induce browning in white adipose tissue. Preserved mitochondrial metabolism emerges as a potential target for obesity treatment using PPAR agonists, with possible clinical applications.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Qi Ren, Hao-Fan Wu, Ding-Ye Yu, Feng-Min Zhang, Zi-Le Shen, Guo-Wei Huang, Feng Lin, Wei-Zhe Chen, Zhen Yu
Summary: The study aimed to develop a nomogram incorporating preoperative factors for predicting low skeletal muscle mass index and low skeletal muscle radiodensity. The models were calibrated and assessed for their predictive ability using training and validation cohorts, and the clinical usefulness was evaluated using decision curve analysis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ruben Castillo-Ortega, Juan Vega-Vargas, Samuel Duran-Aguero
Summary: This study found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with type 1 diabetes experienced decreased adherence to diabetes care, leading to an increase in HbA1c levels, BMI, impaired linear growth, and more hospitalizations. The shift to telemedicine as the main healthcare service also had significant effects on diabetes management.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yi-Hsiu Chen, Jung-An Lin, Jiun-Rong Chen, Ya-Ling Chen, Suh-Ching Yang
Summary: Regular nutrition consultations have been shown to have significant effects on reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors, especially for individuals with obesity.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jacinta Winderlich, Bridget Little, Felix Oberender, Tessa Bollard, Tamara Farrell, Samantha Jenkins, Emma Landorf, Andrea McCall, Jessica Menzies, Katie O. ' Brien, Carla Rowe, Kirsten Sim, Melanie van der Wilk, Jemma Woodgate, Eldho Paul, Andrew A. Udy, Emma J. Ridley
Summary: The study aims to describe nutrition provision in Australian and New Zealand pediatric intensive care units, assess the adequacy of enteral nutrition, and evaluate the methods for estimating energy and protein requirements.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xi Zhang, Jia-Xin Huang, Meng Tang, Qi Zhang, Li Deng, Chun-Hua Song, Wei Li, Han-Ping Shi, Ming-Hua Cong
Summary: The study found that the modified Controlling Nutritional Status system, which includes C-reactive protein as an inflammatory parameter, is more accurate than the traditional system in predicting the survival of patients with cancer cachexia. High Controlling Nutritional Status and modified Controlling Nutritional Status are both independent risk factors for survival and have a negative impact on survival in patients with advanced-stage cancers, such as esophagogastric and colorectal cancer.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karolien Dams, Gregory R. A. De Meyer, Rita Jacobs, Tom Schepens, Stany Perkisas, Greta Moorkens, Philippe Jorens
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the development of muscle atrophy in COVID-19 intensive care unit patients and its relationship with hospital outcomes. The results showed that the difference in muscle thickness was linked to the outcome, with the best survival observed in the group with stable muscle thickness.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bruna Clemente Cota, Mariana de Santis Filgueiras, Patricia Feliciano Pereira, Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol, Juliana Farias de Novaes
Summary: This study found that higher consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) and a diet consisting of high proinflammatory foods were associated with the normal-weight obesity (NWO) phenotype in children.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Victor Nogueira da Cruz Silveira, Cleber Lopes Campelo, Antonio Luis Rodrigues da Costa, Patricia Maria Abreu Machado, Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha Franca, Alcione Miranda dos Santos
Summary: This psychometric study proposed a scale for estimating the consumption of ultra processed foods using item response theory. The study used data from a representative sample of 2515 adolescents aged 18 and 19 from Brazilian Birth Cohorts Consortium. The findings demonstrated that the proposed scale can accurately estimate the consumption of ultra processed foods and is correlated with latent traits related to food consumption.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dehao Yang, Jiaqi Huang, Jingyu Hu, Minyue Zhang, Haobo Xie, Yilin Chen, Yining Jin, Zerui Jiang, Yanchu Wang, Jinrong Zhu, Xin Lu, Siqi Chen, Yiyun Weng, Guangyong Chen
Summary: This study investigates the association between malnutrition and 6-month outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients with or without intravenous thrombolysis. The results show a significant association between malnutrition and poor functional outcome.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ainoa Cristina de Oliveira Candido, Felipe Silva Neves, Vanessa Sequeira Fontes, Adriana Soares Torres Melo, Eliane Rodrigues de Faria, Michele Pereira Netto, Renata Maria Souza Oliveira, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho, Ana Paula Carlos Candido
Summary: This study investigated the frequency of breakfast consumption and its associations with the consumption of food at different degrees of industrial processing and with overweight indicators in Brazilian adolescents. The results showed that 20% of adolescents skipped breakfast and 46% of their caloric intake came from ultra-processed foods. Skipping breakfast was associated with increased consumption of ultra-processed foods, higher BMI-for-age, and higher body fat percentage.