Article
Immunology
Michal Konwerski, Agnieszka Gromadka, Adam Arendarczyk, Marta Koblowska, Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka, Radoslaw Wilimski, Pawel Czub, Krzysztof Jerzy Filipiak, Piotr Hendzel, Piotr Zielenkiewicz, Grzegorz Opolski, Aleksandra Gasecka, Tomasz Mazurek
Summary: Perivascular release of inflammatory mediators may accelerate coronary lesion formation and contribute to plaque instability. The study revealed altered gene expression in PCAT of CAD patients, with upregulation of genes involved in inflammation and atherosclerosis, and downregulation of genes related to cardiac ischemia, remodeling, platelet function, and mitochondrial function. This suggests that genes in PCAT may play a role in CAD development and progression.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sandra Andreotti, Ayumi Cristina Medeiros Komino, Flaviane de Fatima Silva, Ana Paula Almeida Ramos, Noemi Lourenco Gil, Gabriela Araujo Azevedo, Rogerio Antonio Laurato Sertie, Fabio Bessa Lima, Richardt Gama Landgraf, Maristella Almeida Landgraf
Summary: This study found that intrauterine food restriction during pregnancy leads to inhibited lipogenesis and lipolysis in offspring with low birth weight at 12 weeks. Additionally, increased serum triacylglycerol content may contribute to increased synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines detected in the low birth weight group.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuki Komatsu, Kiyoshi Aoyama, Mamoru Yoneda, Shogo Ito, Yusuke Sano, Yumeno Kawai, Xixi Cui, Yuichiro Yamada, Nozomi Furukawa, Katsuhide Ikeda, Kohzo Nagata
Summary: The removal of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) attenuated the exacerbation of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis induced by salt loading in DS/obese rats, but did not affect the development of hypertension. Salt loading led to adipocyte hypertrophy and increased inflammation in white adipose tissue, while the conversion of iBAT to white adipose tissue-like tissue contributed to elevated levels of circulating interleukin-6, exacerbating cardiac pathology.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jiwon Lim, Yerim Heo, Sun Shim Choi
Summary: DNAm is important for regulating cellular activities, and this study investigated its alterations in obesity. Using methylome and transcriptome data, differentially methylated probes (DMPs) were identified between adipocytes and preadipocytes, as well as between obese and lean adipocytes. The study also examined the impact of hyper and hypomethylation on gene expression changes. Interestingly, greater DNAm alterations were observed during adipocyte differentiation under lean conditions compared to obese conditions. Overall, complex methylation changes affected adipogenesis-related genes, leading to differences in gene expression between lean and obese adipocytes.
Article
Cell Biology
Jianrui Song, Diana Farris, Paola Ariza, Smriti Moorjani, Mita Varghese, Muriel Blin, Judy Chen, Daniel Tyrrell, Min Zhang, Kanakadurga Singer, Morgan Salmon, Daniel R. Goldstein
Summary: This study reveals that aging enhances atherosclerosis through the increased inflammation of visceral fat. The transplantation of aged fat onto the carotid artery of mice resulted in larger atherosclerotic plaques with increased macrophage numbers. Inflammatory factors secreted by adipose tissue macrophages, including TNF alpha, CXCL2, and CCL2, were found to contribute to the enhancement of atherosclerosis in aging fat transplants.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sean R. Millar, Ivan J. Perry, Catherine M. Phillips
Summary: This study found that predicted VAT equations explained a greater proportion of variance in inflammatory biomarkers compared to traditional anthropometric measures, suggesting that equations for assessing VAT levels may be useful for characterizing metabolic health. Further research is recommended to investigate the relationships between predicted VAT levels and disease and mortality outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Biology
Laura Pajed, Ulrike Taschler, Anna Tilp, Peter Hofer, Petra Kotzbeck, Stephanie Kolleritsch, Franz P. W. Radner, Isabella Pototschnig, Carina Wagner, Margarita Schratter, Sandra Eder, Sabrina Huetter, Renate Schreiber, Guenter Haemmerle, Thomas O. Eichmann, Martina Schweiger, Gerald Hoefler, Erin E. Kershaw, Achim Lass, Gabriele Schoiswohl
Summary: The study examines the role of adipocyte hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in regulating whole body energy homeostasis, showing that adipocyte-specific HSL knockout (AHKO) mice fed a high-fat diet develop fatty liver but may reverse with age. The reversal is possibly linked to diminished lipolytic activity in adipose tissue and pronounced lipodystrophy.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Henry S. Kahn
Summary: BMI does not provide information about the relative size of adipose tissue depots, while SAD is associated with visceral fat accumulation, which may contribute to the estimation of cardiometabolic risk. SADHtR is more strongly associated with intermediary predictors of cardiometabolic disease.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giuseppe Petito, Federica Cioffi, Elena Silvestri, Rita De Matteis, Davide Lattanzi, Pieter de Lange, Assunta Lombardi, Maria Moreno, Fernando Goglia, Antonia Lanni, Rosalba Senese
Summary: This study demonstrates that T2 is able to counteract some adverse effects caused by a long-lasting HFD and to produce beneficial effects on inflammation. Irisin and SIRT1 pathway may represent a mechanism underlying the above described effects.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Natalia Santillana, Camila Astudillo-Guerrero, Amanda D'Espessailles, Gonzalo Cruz
Summary: White adipose tissue dysfunction is crucial in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic alterations related to obesity. Dysfunction is characterized by limited expansion capacity, increased adipocyte hypertrophy, altered adipokine secretion, macrophage accumulation and inflammation. Simple tools are needed to identify individuals with dysfunctional adipose tissue who are at risk of developing metabolic alterations. This review highlights the current pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging measurements for assessing white adipose tissue functionality.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sara Castro-Barquero, Rosa Casas, Eric B. Rimm, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Dora Romaguera, J. Alfredo Martinez, Jordi Salas-Salvado, Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez, Josep Vidal, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Jadwiga Konieczna, Emilio Sacanella, Jesus Francisco Garcia-Gavilan, Montse Fito, Ana Garcia-Arellano, Ramon Estruch
Summary: This study found that excessive visceral adipose tissue is associated with increased secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, leading to systemic inflammation and obesity-related metabolic disturbances. The reduction in visceral adipose tissue is associated with improvements in various inflammatory and adiposity markers, especially insulin, c-peptide, and PAI-1 levels, which may contribute to a decrease in cardiometabolic disturbances observed in obesity.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michele Moruzzi, Nora Kloeting, Matthias Blueher, Ilenia Martinelli, Seyed Khosrow Tayebati, Maria Gabriella Gabrielli, Proshanta Roy, Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura, Carlo Cifani, Giulio Lupidi, Francesco Amenta, Daniele Tomassoni
Summary: Although tart cherries are rich in anthocyanins, the study found that a tart cherry-enriched diet did not alter the accumulation of visceral fat, but could decrease inflammatory markers in adipose tissue.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Muhei Tanaka, Hiroshi Okada, Yoshitaka Hashimoto, Muneaki Kumagai, Hiromi Nishimura, Michiaki Fukui
Summary: This study found that intraperitoneal VAT (IVAT) and retroperitoneal VAT (RVAT) are differently associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components. IVAT area index was independently associated with MS and its components, while RVAT area index was only associated with the blood pressure component.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Bahar Zehra Camurdanoglu Weber, Dilsad H. Arabaci, Serkan Kir
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a disorder characterized by wasting of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, leading to severe weight loss. There is a limited range of treatment options available for this condition. Changes in metabolic pathways in adipose tissue are associated with cancer cachexia. The energy-wasting circuits in adipose tissue impact whole-body metabolism, particularly skeletal muscle. Targeting key molecular players involved in metabolic reprogramming may help in developing new treatment strategies for cancer cachexia.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pavel Hruska, Jan Kucera, Matej Pekar, Pavol Holeczy, Miloslav Mazur, Marek Buzga, Daniela Kuruczova, Peter Lenart, Jana Fialova Kucerova, David Potesil, Zbynek Zdrahal, Julie Bienertova-Vasku
Summary: The study compared the proteomic profiles of mature adipocytes from different adipose tissue depots, with findings showing that subcutaneous adipocytes are more active in vesicular transport, secretion, and lipid metabolism, while visceral adipocytes have higher protein expression related to mitochondrial energy metabolism and translational or biosynthetic activity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Zaheer Ahmad, Romana Liaqat, Oliva Palander, Muhammad Bilal, Shah Zeb, Farooq Ahmad, Muhammad Jawad Khan, Muhammad Umair
Summary: Polydactyly is a congenital limb defect with various morphologic phenotypes, usually following an autosomal dominant/recessive inheritance pattern and associated with defects in limb development's anteroposterior patterning. While several genes have been associated with polydactyly, the exact underlying cause, pathways, and disease mechanisms remain unexplored.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Renxu Chang, Yan Tang, Hongdou Jia, Zhihao Dong, Shuang Gao, Qian Song, Hao Dong, Qiushi Xu, Qianming Jiang, Juan J. Loor, Xudong Sun, Chuang Xu
Summary: Increased metabolic stress during early lactation leads to mitochondrial damage and inflammatory responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells, which can be worsened by inhibition of mitophagy. PINK1-mediated mitophagy plays a crucial role in removing damaged mitochondria and regulating inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PINK1-mediated mitophagy on mitochondrial damage and inflammatory responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells stimulated by LPS. The results showed that exogenous LPS activated mitophagy, resulting in decreased protein levels of OXPHOS complexes and oxygen consumption, as well as increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. This was accompanied by increased levels of NLRP3 protein, a key component of the inflammatory response. Inhibition of mitophagy or knockdown of PINK1 exacerbated the detrimental effects of LPS, while overexpression of PINK1 attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress. Overall, these findings suggest that PINK1-mediated mitophagy is an essential anti-inflammatory mechanism that removes damaged mitochondria in bovine mammary epithelial cells subjected to increased inflammation.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Menglu Zhang, Tong Fu, Qixue Huang, Zhiyang Xing, Jingna Yang, Wenyan Lu, Mingyue Hu, Li Qiang Han, Juan J. Loor, Teng Yun Gao
Summary: This study investigated the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on milk fat globules (MFGs) in dairy cows. Results showed that CLA reduced milk fat content and size parameters of MFG, while also influencing the concentration of glycerophospholipids.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Danielle N. Coleman, Qianming Jiang, Matheus G. Lopes, Luciano Ritt, Yusheng Liang, Ahmad Aboragah, Erminio Trevisi, Ilkyu Yoon, Juan J. Loor
Summary: Feeding NutriTek improved health and supported anti-inflammatory functions in cows during a period of feed restriction.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ming Li, Yuxin He, Wei Zhang, Yufeng Yin, Qianming Jiang, Juan J. Loor, Jingjing Wang, Jianan Wen, Wei Yang, Chuang Xu, Bingbing Zhang
Summary: Increased concentrations of FFAs during the periparturient period increase the risk of fatty liver in dairy cows. Taraxasterol, a compound found in medicinal plants, plays a role in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant reactions. It is unknown if Taraxasterol can alleviate fatty liver in ruminants.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Carlos Fernandez, Tamara Romero, Ignacio Badiola, Jesus Diaz-Cano, Gregorio Sanzol, Juan J. Loor
Summary: This research evaluated the effects of incorporating a postbiotic yeast fermentation product in diets of lactating goats on energy partitioning, carbon and nitrogen balance, and performance. The results showed that the postbiotic led to greater ruminal propionate concentration and fiber digestibility, and decreased energy partitioning to methane, ultimately increasing milk production. The study suggested that postbiotics can enhance efficiency of nutrient use for milk production.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lei Liu, Baogen Wang, Wei Yang, Qianming Jiang, Juan J. Loor, Lu Ouyang, Huilun Tang, Renxu Chang, Tao Peng, Chuang Xu
Summary: Excessive inflammation in bovine mammary endothelial cells (BMEC) due to mastitis leads to disease progression and eventual culling of cattle. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines in BMEC exposed to high concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids by blunting nuclear factor-KB (NFKB) signaling. The study investigated the effects of SIRT3 and PGC1 alpha on inflammatory responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells and confirmed the potential benefits of targeting SIRT3 to prevent or alleviate negative effects of mastitis.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Bingbing Zhang, Wei Zhang, Yuxin He, Xinru Ma, Ming Li, Qianming Jiang, Juan J. Loor, Xinquan Lv, Wei Yang, Chuang Xu
Summary: Hypocalcemia in dairy cows is associated with a decrease of neutrophil adhesion and phagocytosis, partly driven by changes in the expression of SOCE-related molecules. This study reveals that glycolysis may play a role in providing energy for neutrophils during hypocalcemia in dairy cows. Furthermore, the study suggests that SOCE-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ levels affect glycolysis and regulate neutrophil adhesion and phagocytosis.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maheen Ejaz, Syed Mohammad Usman, Saira Amir, Muhammad Jawad Khan
Summary: The miR-17-92 cluster, consisting of six micro RNAs (miRNAs), plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes and is implicated in the development of several diseases. Recent research has revealed the potential of miR-17-92 cluster members as biomarkers in obesity, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and diabetes mellitus. The dysregulation of miR-17-92 cluster in these diseases suggests its significance as a potential therapeutic target.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Vincenzo Lopreiato, Andrea Minuti, Erminio Trevisi, Giuseppe Piccione, Giulia Ferronato, Juan J. Loor, Domenico Britti, Luigi Liotta, Claudia Giannetto, Francesca Arfuso
Summary: This study investigated the immune-metabolic status and growth performance of Simmental calves born from cows treated with pegbovigrastim before calving. The results showed that the calves in the pegbovigrastim group had lower body weight, heart girth, and average daily gain compared to the control group. They also had lower values of certain blood parameters and vitamins, and higher levels of oxidants and myeloperoxidase. The findings suggest that activation of the cow's immune system by pegbovigrastim could have affected the immune competence, growth performance, and oxidative balance of the newborn calves.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Lin Fu, Liaochuan Wang, Li Liu, Li Zhang, Ziyao Zhou, Yan Zhou, Gaofu Wang, Juan J. Loor, Peng Zhou, Xianwen Dong
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of inoculating lambs with adult goat ruminal fluid during the first 15 days of life. The results showed that ruminal fluid inoculation improved the lambs' growth, health, and overall metabolism by modulating the gut microbial community. This was evidenced by the increased body weight recovery, improved health markers in the serum, and changes in the relative abundance of gut microorganisms and metabolites.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Hafiz Muhammad Umar Salim, Abdullahi Dandare, Fareeha Khalil, Afrose Liaquat, Muhammad Jawad Khan, Aisha Naeem
Summary: The regulation of genes is crucial for maintaining a healthy intracellular environment. MiRNAs have been found to play a role in regulating diseases, including kidney diseases. However, the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still uncertain. This study aimed to explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for early detection and treatment of CKD. The analysis of miRNAs and their target genes suggested that certain miRNAs showed a strong association with CKD and its inflammatory processes. Further research is needed to develop miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis of CKD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shannon McClorry, Peng Ji, Mariana G. Parenti, Carolyn M. Slupsky
Summary: Infancy and childhood are high-risk periods for iron deficiency and infectious disease. This study used a piglet model to assess the impact of iron deficiency and antibiotics on systemic metabolism. The results showed that the combined use of iron deficiency and antibiotics exacerbated the negative metabolic effects of iron deficiency.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abdullahi Dandare, Muhammad Jawad Khan, Aisha Naeem, Afrose Liaquat
Summary: This review focuses on the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in metabolic diseases and highlights the mechanisms of action of various regulatory ncRNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). It was found that ncRNAs play important roles in the development of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome, and have potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Qianming Jiang, Valentino Palombo, Danielle N. Sherlock, Mario Vailati-Riboni, Mariasilvia D'Andrea, Ilkyu Yoon, Juan J. Loor
Summary: Stressors can impair the intestinal barrier function, known as leaky gut, while feeding SCFP can alter the transcriptome of dairy cows' intestines and reduce immune-related gene transcription.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)