Article
Plant Sciences
Izolda Pasakinskiene
Summary: Festuca and Lolium grass species show trait complementarities in hybrid variety production, but they also exhibit antagonisms and rearrangements at the genome level. A rare case of an unstable hybrid was discovered, with the donor plant showing pronounced variability in its clonal parts. The study identified diploid plants with a reduced chromosome number derived from F. pratensis, which plays a significant role in recombinant chromosomes. The finding highlights the plasticity of plant genomes and the ability of F. pratensis to restructure itself from a chaotic chromosomal cocktail.
Review
Plant Sciences
Josep A. Rossello, Alexis J. Maravilla, Marcela Rosato
Summary: This article discusses the issue of applying 35S rDNA in plant taxonomy and phylogenetics. The correct interpretation of this marker is limited by the instability of the genetic architecture, the diversity of molecular changes, and the evolutionary dynamics of rDNA units in hybrids and polyploid species. In addition, the use of different terminology by different authors complicates comparisons.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yang Zhao, Honghong Deng, Yao Chen, Jihan Li, Silei Chen, Chunyan Li, Xue Mu, Zhongrong Hu, Kunming Li, Weixing Wang
Summary: In this study, molecular cytogenetic techniques (FISH, GISH, and fiber-FISH) for kiwifruit were established and optimized for the first time. The effects of various factors on these techniques were evaluated, and the experimental conditions suitable for kiwifruit chromosome research were determined. This study provides a foundation for future genomic and evolutionary studies of kiwifruit and offers chromosomal characterization for kiwifruit breeding programs.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Katerina Guzman-Markevich, Alvaro S. Roco, Adrian Ruiz-Garcia, Monica Bullejos
Summary: This study examined three species of three Bufonidae genera using cytogenetic methods and found chromosomal differences among them. The study also analyzed the composition and distribution of repetitive sequences.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Alvaro S. Roco, Thomas Liehr, Adrian Ruiz-Garcia, Kateryna Guzman, Monica Bullejos
Summary: The study conducted a comparative analysis of repetitive sequences in Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis, revealing a conserved enrichment of repetitive sequences at the ends of chromosomes in these species, and indicating independent evolution of these regions in the two species.
Article
Plant Sciences
Prashant Joshi, Helal Ansari, Rowan Dickson, Nicholas W. Ellison, Cynthia Skema, Jennifer A. Tate
Summary: Polyploidization can cause changes in genomic material, including gene loss. While island lineages often show chromosomal stability, they may still undergo smaller-scale gene loss and evolution, leading to further genome restructuring and downsizing.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jana Sochorova, Francisco Galvez, Roman Matyasek, Sonia Garcia, Ales Kovarik
Summary: The study reveals a high variability in 5S and 45S rDNA loci numbers in animals, with rare occurrences of karyotypes with extremely high loci numbers, generally converging to two 5S sites and two 45S rDNA sites per diploid genome. The position of 45S rDNA on sex chromosomes is relatively common, especially in arthropods, and is predominantly located in microchromosomes in birds and reptiles. Additionally, as the number of 45S rDNA loci increases, the proportion of active NORs progressively decreases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Tatjana Gavrilenko, Galina Pendinen, Olga Antonova, Tamara Makarova, Ramona Thieme
Summary: This study analyzed the genomic composition and meiotic pairing in interspecific somatic hybrids and their backcrossing derivatives using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The results showed partial loss and complete elimination of alien chromosomes in the backcross generations. The study also identified hybrids with complete integration of wild chromosomes into the potato genome and hybrids with intergenomic recombinant chromosomes through GISH.
Article
Cell Biology
Luana Pereira dos Santos, Carine M. Francisco, Edimar O. Campos Junior, Jonathan P. Castro, Ricardo Utsunomia, Sandra Morelli, Fabio Porto-Foresti, Fausto Foresti, Roberto F. Artoni
Summary: Studies have shown the presence of B chromosomes in populations of Moenkhausia oligolepis in the Brazilian Amazon, with different stages of stability and expansion. The evolutionary trend in these fishes indicates a tendency to carry B chromosomes. The karyotype analysis suggests that the origin of these chromosomes may be due to the formation of isochromosomes.
CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Limnology
LIU Yu, LIU Pengfei, BI Yanhui, ZHOU Zhigang
Summary: The linkage of 5S rRNA gene to 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA gene was reported in some species in Ochrophyta. Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization technique revealed the localization and physical unlinkage of rRNA genes in Saccharina japonica, providing insights into the cytogenetics of this kelp species.
JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kira S. Zadesenets, Nikolay B. Rubtsov
Summary: This study focused on the B chromosomes in three species of the Macrostomum genus that underwent recent whole-genome duplication. Analysis of Bs in animals under laboratory conditions revealed differences in Bs among species and the repetitive DNA composition of Bs. Additionally, the possible mechanisms of the appearance and evolution of Bs and large metacentric chromosomes (LMs) in species of the Macrostomum genus were discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Martina Orosova, Anna Markova, Magda Zrzava, Frantisek Marec, Mikulas Oros
Summary: The cytogenetics of Acanthocephala is a neglected area. This study applied karyological techniques and FISH to investigate the chromosomes of Acanthocephalus anguillae. The study revealed the presence of an additional B chromosome in individuals from the unfavorable environmental conditions of Zemplinska Sirava.
Article
Plant Sciences
Julia Hartmann, Lisa Silbernagl, Gerald M. Schneeweiss, Michael H. J. Barfuss, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Peter Schoenswetter
Summary: The study aimed to address two questions related to the systematics of small-flowering Euphrasia species from the Eastern Alps. The research failed to find new populations of diploid E. inopinata, but discovered a new diploid species in the eastern Ortler/Ortles mountain range, which was named E. ultima. Based on the study, E. ultima was found to be morphologically and genetically distinct from tetraploid widespread E. minima and E. inopinata.
Article
Plant Sciences
Josef Greimler, Eva M. Temsch, Zhiqing Xue, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Polina Volkova, Markus Peintinger, Pawel Wasowicz, Hui Shang, Ivan Schanzer, Jorge O. Chiapella
Summary: This study investigated the variation in genome size and ploidy of Deschampsia cespitosa and related species in Eurasia. Significant regional differences were found between diploid and tetraploid grasses, with tetraploid plants showing habitat preferences related to their reproductive mode.
PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Senderowicz, Teresa Nowak, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Laszlo Papp, Bozena Kolano
Summary: This study investigated the chromosome evolution of Crepis plants by analyzing the chromosome base number and organization of rDNA loci in 39 species. The results showed that despite variations in rDNA loci organization, most species had rDNA loci on the same chromosome arm. Comparative analysis revealed multiple independent gains of rDNA loci and repositioning during diversification and speciation. These findings provide important insights into the evolutionary mechanisms and speciation of Crepis plants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Bokyung Choi, Yu-Eun Ahn, Tae-Soo Jang
Summary: In this study, the leaf micromorphological characteristics of Korean irises were examined, providing valuable information for species identification. The presence of polymorphic stomatal types was reported for the first time, and the potential correlation between genome size and epidermal guard cell length was discussed.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Bokyung Choi, Jangseung Ryu, Tae-Soo Jang
Summary: This study used scanning electron microscopy to describe the pollen morphology of Korean Iris. The observed pollen micromorphological characters, including size, shape, and exine ornamentation, enabled species distinction and taxonomic delimitation. The pollen morphological data presented in this study are of systematic significance to Korean Iris species.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bokyung Choi, Inkyu Park, Soonku So, Hyeon-Ho Myeong, Jangseung Ryu, Yu-Eun Ahn, Kyu-Chan Shim, Jun-Ho Song, Tae-Soo Jang
Summary: This study compared the complete plastid genome sequences and micromorphological features of Iris ruthenica Ker Gawl. and I. uniflora Pall. ex Link, and identified molecular markers for their discrimination. The phylogenetic analysis showed their close relationship, and the comparison of plastomes and micromorphological features provided valuable information for understanding their taxonomic and evolutionary relationships.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Bokyung CHOI, Hyeonjin KIM, Hye-Joo BYUN, Geun-Hye GANG, Yongsoon LEE, Hyeon-Ho MYEONG, Soonku SO, Tae-Soo JANG
Summary: This study reports the chromosome number, karyotype structure, and genome size of Rhododendron keiskei var. hypoglaucum for the first time. The chromosome number of this plant was found to be 2n = 26 with x = 13 as the base chromosome number. The karyotype consisted of metacentric and sub-metacentric chromosomes of similar length. These findings provide important insights for further molecular, cytogenetic, and phylogenomic analyses of Rhododendron.
KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Inkyu Park, Bokyung Choi, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Soonku So, Hyeon-Ho Myeong, Tae-Soo Jang
Summary: This study conducted comparative analyses on the karyotypes of three Iris species in Korea, with an emphasis on the number and localization of 5S and 35S rDNA loci using FISH. The chloroplast genomes of the same individuals were also sequenced and compared. The results provide important insights into the origin of the progenitor species and the genomes of Iris series Chinenses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Carolina Carrizo Garcia, Gloria Estela Barboza, Nahuel Palombo, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
Summary: This study presents a new and updated phylogenetic hypothesis on the evolution of the Capsicum genus, incorporating nearly all currently accepted species. The study proposes a new model of spatial diversification based on genome-wide analysis. The results suggest that the Northern and Central Andes were the likely ancestral range of Capsicum, and that the diversification of the genus began in the Pliocene and continued through the Pleistocene.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pavel Neumann, Ludmila Oliveira, Tae-Soo Jang, Petr Novak, Andrea Koblizkova, Veit Schubert, Andreas Houben, Jiri Macas
Summary: The transition from monocentric to holocentric organization in Cuscuta was associated with loss or truncation of kinetochore-related genes, disruption of centromeric localization of kinetochore proteins, and degeneration of the spindle assembly checkpoint. This indicates that holocentric Cuscuta species lack a standard kinetochore and do not employ the SAC to control microtubule attachment to chromosomes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Hyeonjin Kim, Bokyung Choi, Changyoung Lee, Jin-Hyub Paik, Chang-Gee Jang, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Tae-Soo Jang
Summary: The study found that differentiation in genome size and chromosome number is not necessarily correlated with morphological differentiation of cytotypes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hye-Joo Byun, Tae -Soo Jang
Summary: A comprehensive micromorphological study of the Korean woodrush was conducted, analyzing leaf and pistil characteristics. The study revealed important diagnostic criteria for distinguishing between different species within the Korean Luzula genus, providing valuable information for taxonomic classification.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Bokyung Choi, Yeojin Hwang, Scott A. M. Mcadam, Tae-Soo Jang
Summary: A comparative study of leaf micromorphological characteristics in Korean Ajuga species was conducted using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The research found considerable diversity in epidermal and stomatal anatomy across the species, with different types of stomatal complexes and various glandular trichomes. The study highlights the taxonomic usefulness of trichome type, epidermal cell shape, and stomatal morphology for species identification.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2023)
