Article
Plant Sciences
Agus Budi Setiawan, Aziz Purwantoro, Chee How Teo, Phan Thi Phuong Nhi, Kenji Kato, Shinji Kikuchi, Takato Koba
Summary: Cucumis debilis is an endemic plant in Southeast Asia and has potential as a parental accession for genetic improvement of cucumber. Detailed information about its chromosome number and divergence from other Cucumis species was investigated in this study using molecular cytogenetics techniques. The result showed that C. debilis is more closely related to cucumber than melon. This finding has important implications for the genetic improvement of cucumber through interspecific hybridization.
Article
Plant Sciences
Marlon Garcia Paitan, Maricielo Postillos-Flores, Luis Rojas Vasquez, Maria Siles Vallejos, Alberto Lopez Sotomayor
Summary: In this study, FISH mapping and flow cytometry were used to assess genetic differences between wild and cultivated populations of Physalis peruviana L. (goldenberry). The results showed genetic differences at the molecular cytogenetic level and in genome size between the two populations. These findings have important implications for future cytogenetic and genomic studies as well as breeding programs in goldenberry populations.
Article
Plant Sciences
Anton Stepanenko, Guimin Chen, Phuong T. N. Hoang, Joerg Fuchs, Ingo Schubert, Nikolai Borisjuk
Summary: This study comprehensively characterized the chromosomal locations and molecular organization of 35S and 5S rDNA genes in water lettuce using karyological and molecular methods. Single locations for the 35S and 5S rDNA loci were identified using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of 35S rDNA revealed typical structural characteristics and allowed for phylogenetic analysis. The 5S rDNA locus showed variation in nucleotide composition and subrepeat number, confirming the mosaic composition of the gene locus.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Horticulture
Guangxin Liu, Yue Lan, Lianwei Qu, Yilian Zhao, Haoyang Xin, Mengli Xi
Summary: Through our research on wild species and cultivars, we have clarified the genetic relationships between different sections of tulips, as well as the differences and variations in the 5S rDNA sequences. Our findings provide clearer and more stable evidence for the classification of tulips.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Barbora Augstenova, Eleonora Pensabene, Lukas Kratochvil, Michail Rovatsos
Summary: Anguimorphan lizards are a group of squamate reptiles with wide geographical distribution and morphological variability. Their karyotypes show significant variation across different lineages, with Anguids exhibiting the most variability. The study documented differentiated sex chromosomes in monitors and helodermatids, as well as in some anguids, and also revealed a rare case of spontaneous triploidy in Varanus primordius.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jun He, Yong Zhao, Shuangshuang Zhang, Yanze He, Jiafu Jiang, Sumei Chen, Weimin Fang, Zhiyong Guan, Yuan Liao, Zhenxing Wang, Fadi Chen, Haibin Wang
Summary: This study used oligonucleotide fluorescence in situ hybridization (Oligo-FISH) to draw ideograms of rDNA sites in Chrysanthemum accessions and found polymorphisms and co-localization of rDNA sites. There was also a correlation between the number of 5S rDNA sites and chromosome number, and the geographical distribution of different ploidy Chrysanthemum accessions may have promoted karyotype evolution. The study identified the formation mechanism of rDNA variations and provided a reliable method for examining rDNA variations in Chrysanthemum and related species, contributing to understanding the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships of the Chrysanthemum genus.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Alexander Kostmann, Lukas Kratochvil, Michail Rovatsos
Summary: Scincoidea is a reptilian clade with diversity in sex-determining systems. It has been debated whether skinks have sex chromosomes variations or even lack of sex chromosomes. While ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes have been identified in some scincoidean lizards, they are poorly differentiated and often undetectable by cytogenetic methods. However, this study reports the presence of ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes in the plated lizard Zonosaurus madagascariensis, suggesting a different pattern of sex chromosome evolution in this species.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jun He, Sisi Lin, Zhongyu Yu, Aiping Song, Zhiyong Guan, Weimin Fang, Sumei Chen, Fei Zhang, Jiafu Jiang, Fadi Chen, Haibin Wang
Summary: Using rDNA as a FISH probe, researchers found that 5S rDNA sites are mainly located in subterminal chromosome regions, while the number and intensity of 45S rDNA sites differ from previously studied Chrysanthemum resources. These findings offer insight into the chromosomal structural variations in Chrysanthemum and its related species.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Inkyu Park, Bokyung Choi, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Soonku So, Hyeon-Ho Myeong, Tae-Soo Jang
Summary: This study conducted comparative analyses on the karyotypes of three Iris species in Korea, with an emphasis on the number and localization of 5S and 35S rDNA loci using FISH. The chloroplast genomes of the same individuals were also sequenced and compared. The results provide important insights into the origin of the progenitor species and the genomes of Iris series Chinenses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kevin Santos da Silva, Larissa Glugoski, Marcelo Ricardo Vicari, Augusto Cesar Paes de Souza, Renata Coelho Rodrigues Noronha, Julio Cesar Pieczarka, Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
Summary: The Ancistrus genus demonstrates extensive chromosomal diversity, including the occurrence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes and unstable repetitive sequences. These findings provide important insights into the evolution and genetic mechanisms of the Ancistrus genus.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Horticulture
Deen Mohammad Deepo, Md Mazharul Islam, Reshma Yesmin, Hye-Min Lee, Hong-Yul Kim, Chang-Kil Kim, Ki-Byung Lim
Summary: In this study, the nuclear DNA content, genome size, ploidy degree, and cytogenetic properties of two Korean native cultivars of Hibiscus 'Gangneung' and 'Baekryungdo' were determined. The flow cytometry results showed that the 2C-DNA contents of both cultivars were nearly identical. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique revealed the presence of 5S and 18S rDNA loci in both cultivars. This cytogenetic assessment of the cultivars will contribute to plant breeding within this genus.
HORTICULTURE ENVIRONMENT AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Analiza Fernanda Cavenagh, Matheus Pires Rincao, Felipe Cordeiro Dias, Antonio Domingos Brescovit, Ana Lucia Dias
Summary: The study reveals intra and interspecific chromosomal variability in the genus Lycosa, suggesting that chromosomal rearrangements are associated with the diversification of diploid number and sexual chromosome systems in this group of spiders.
GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Gabriela Chrostek, Aleksandra Domaradzka, Alona Yurchenko, Lukas Kratochvil, Sofia Mazzoleni, Michail Rovatsos
Summary: This study applied both conventional and molecular cytogenetic analyses in seven species of geckos, revealing the presence of interstitial telomeric repeats in four species. However, the origin of these repeats remains unclear. Additionally, sex chromosomes were not detected in any examined species, suggesting the presence of poorly differentiated sex chromosomes or environmental sex determination. Future studies should investigate the impact of temperature and conduct genome-wide analyses to determine the mode of sex determination in these species.
Article
Plant Sciences
Angeles Cuadrado, Marta Sixto, Rosa I. Figueroa, Isabel Bravo, Alfredo de Bustos
Summary: Through FISH analysis, we found differences in chromosomal organization and rDNA repeat unit numbers among different Gambierdiscus species. The location and organization of 5S and 45S rDNA in the nucleus also vary among species. These species can be distinguished by their species-specific FISH rDNA phenotypes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gulru Yucel, Alexander Betekhtin, Evren Cabi, Metin Tuna, Robert Hasterok, Bozena Kolano
Summary: This study investigates the evolution of chromosome number and rDNA loci in Onobrychis species. It found that diploid species showed a high level of polymorphism in rDNA loci number and localisation, while polyploid species exhibited similar rDNA loci patterns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that x = 8 was the ancestral chromosome number and dysploidy and polyploidisation were the major mechanisms driving chromosome number evolution. Additionally, the study reconstructed the ancestral state of rRNA gene loci in Onobrychis, with one locus of 5S rDNA and one locus of 35S rDNA in an interstitial chromosomal position.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Julia Hartmann, Lisa Silbernagl, Gerald M. Schneeweiss, Michael H. J. Barfuss, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Peter Schoenswetter
Summary: The study aimed to address two questions related to the systematics of small-flowering Euphrasia species from the Eastern Alps. The research failed to find new populations of diploid E. inopinata, but discovered a new diploid species in the eastern Ortler/Ortles mountain range, which was named E. ultima. Based on the study, E. ultima was found to be morphologically and genetically distinct from tetraploid widespread E. minima and E. inopinata.
Article
Plant Sciences
Vojtech Taraska, Petr Batousek, Martin Duchoslav, Eva M. Temsch, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Bohumil Travnicek
Summary: The study revealed the presence of different ploidy levels in D. fuchsii populations in Central Europe, with individuals of different ploidy levels showing distinct morphological differences, especially in flower coloration and leaf spotting.
PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Magdalena Senderowicz, Teresa Nowak, Magdalena Rojek-Jelonek, Maciej Bisaga, Laszlo Papp, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Bozena Kolano
Summary: The study on the evolution of karyotype and genome size in Crepis species revealed the presence of different base chromosome numbers and recurrent origins in different lineages. The increase in karyotype asymmetry accompanied karyotype evolution. The significant variation in genome sizes suggests that, besides changes in chromosome numbers, the amplification/elimination of repetitive DNAs may have played a role in genome and taxa differentiation within the genus.
Article
Plant Sciences
Josef Greimler, Eva M. Temsch, Zhiqing Xue, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Polina Volkova, Markus Peintinger, Pawel Wasowicz, Hui Shang, Ivan Schanzer, Jorge O. Chiapella
Summary: This study investigated the variation in genome size and ploidy of Deschampsia cespitosa and related species in Eurasia. Significant regional differences were found between diploid and tetraploid grasses, with tetraploid plants showing habitat preferences related to their reproductive mode.
PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Natalia Borowska-Zuchowska, Magdalena Senderowicz, Dana Trunova, Bozena Kolano
Summary: Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics focused on cellular components, especially chromosomes, and their relationship to heredity, genome structure, function, and evolution. Modern cytogenetic approaches allow for the visualization of different sequences in the plant genome and contribute to understanding its evolutionary history.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mimmi C. Eriksson, Terezie Mandakova, Jamie McCann, Eva M. Temsch, Mark W. Chase, Mikael Hedren, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Ovidiu Paun
Summary: In this study, the fate of transposable elements (TEs) in Dactylorhiza allotetraploids formed through hybridization between diploid species D. fuchsii and D. incarnata was investigated. The results showed that the paternal genome had a higher content of LTR retrotransposons compared to the maternal genome, resulting in a larger genome size. The genome size and TE composition in the youngest allopolyploid appeared to be additive, while rampant genome expansion was observed in intermediate-aged polyploids. A non-autonomous tandem repeat element played a major role in the genome dynamics of the allopolyploids. Overall, the fate of repeats in this system was strongly regulated and predictable across multiple independent allopolyploidization events. Mild genomic shock was also observed following allopolyploidization, possibly due to strong selection against further genome expansions.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gulru Yucel, Alexander Betekhtin, Evren Cabi, Metin Tuna, Robert Hasterok, Bozena Kolano
Summary: This study investigates the evolution of chromosome number and rDNA loci in Onobrychis species. It found that diploid species showed a high level of polymorphism in rDNA loci number and localisation, while polyploid species exhibited similar rDNA loci patterns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that x = 8 was the ancestral chromosome number and dysploidy and polyploidisation were the major mechanisms driving chromosome number evolution. Additionally, the study reconstructed the ancestral state of rRNA gene loci in Onobrychis, with one locus of 5S rDNA and one locus of 35S rDNA in an interstitial chromosomal position.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Inkyu Park, Bokyung Choi, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Soonku So, Hyeon-Ho Myeong, Tae-Soo Jang
Summary: This study conducted comparative analyses on the karyotypes of three Iris species in Korea, with an emphasis on the number and localization of 5S and 35S rDNA loci using FISH. The chloroplast genomes of the same individuals were also sequenced and compared. The results provide important insights into the origin of the progenitor species and the genomes of Iris series Chinenses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Carolina Carrizo Garcia, Gloria Estela Barboza, Nahuel Palombo, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
Summary: This study presents a new and updated phylogenetic hypothesis on the evolution of the Capsicum genus, incorporating nearly all currently accepted species. The study proposes a new model of spatial diversification based on genome-wide analysis. The results suggest that the Northern and Central Andes were the likely ancestral range of Capsicum, and that the diversification of the genus began in the Pliocene and continued through the Pleistocene.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Hyeonjin Kim, Bokyung Choi, Changyoung Lee, Jin-Hyub Paik, Chang-Gee Jang, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Tae-Soo Jang
Summary: The study found that differentiation in genome size and chromosome number is not necessarily correlated with morphological differentiation of cytotypes.
