Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xuechen Yu, Justin Vargas, Peter H. R. Green, Govind Bhagat
Summary: Celiac disease is a common autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, and the role of ILCs in its initiation and progression is still not well understood. ILCs are a type of innate immune cells that play important roles in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and immune responses against pathogens, and research on their diversity and functions has expanded in the past decade.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Diyora Abdukhakimova, Kuanysh Dossybayeva, Dimitri Poddighe
Summary: This study aimed to summarize the main characteristics of the gut microbiota in pediatric CD. The authors conducted a systematic review and found no specific celiac signature in the fecal and/or duodenal microbiota of CD children. However, certain components of the fecal microbiota, such as Bifidobacterium spp., may warrant further research for their potential value in probiotic therapy and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Juha Taavela, Keijo Viiri, Anna Valimaki, Jani Sarin, Kristiina Salonoja, Markku Maki, Jorma Isola
Summary: The use of APOA4 staining improves the reliability and reproducibility of morphometrical VH:CrD readings, aiding in a more accurate assessment of small intestinal mucosal damage.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Adriana Molder, Daniel Vasile Balaban, Cristian-Constantin Molder, Mariana Jinga, Antonin Robin
Summary: For the diagnosis of adult CD, an alternative biopsy-avoiding strategy has been proposed, using machine learning and deep learning algorithms to detect endoscopic markers of villous atrophy in duodenal images during routine endoscopy examinations. In this pilot study, a highly accurate algorithm was developed for the automated detection of mucosal changes associated with villous atrophy in CD patients compared to non-CD controls, using histology as a reference.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elisa Gnodi, Clara Mancuso, Luca Elli, Elisa Ballarini, Raffaella Meneveri, Jean Francois Beaulieu, Donatella Barisani
Summary: The study found that in patients with celiac disease, the expression of NEAT1 and TUG1 is downregulated at diagnosis, but increases in patients' intestinal biopsies after exposure to gluten on a gluten-free diet. Through gel shift assays, it was demonstrated that the increase in NEAT1 expression after gluten exposure is mediated by IL-15 and STAT3 activation, binding to the NEAT1 promoter. NEAT1 is primarily localized in the nucleus and can regulate gene expression by sequestering transcription factors, and has been implicated in immune regulation and control of cell proliferation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Johannes Virta, Markus Hannula, Katri Lindfors, Ilmari Tamminen, Juha Taavela, Heini Huhtala, Katri Kaukinen, Paeivi Saavalainen, Jari Hyttinen, Kalle Kurppa
Summary: This study validated the use of micro-CT imaging method for accurate evaluation of duodenal histomorphometry and mucosal surface areas. The method showed excellent accuracy and reproducibility, making it a powerful tool for diagnosing celiac disease and conducting clinical and pharmacological studies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Amanda K. Cartee, Rok Seon Choung, Katherine S. King, Suyue Wang, John L. Dzuris, Robert P. Anderson, Carol T. Van Dyke, Chadrick A. Hinson, Eric Marietta, David A. Katzka, Vandana Nehra, Madhusudan Grover, Joseph A. Murray
Summary: Symptoms do not reliably indicate gluten exposure in patients with celiac disease or nonceliac gluten sensitivity. For patients with celiac disease, gluten can induce rapid-onset T-cell activation despite long-term treatment.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
V. Seitz, K. Gennermann, S. Elezkurtaj, D. Groth, S. Schaper, A. Droege, N. Lachmann, E. Berg, D. Lenze, A. A. Kuehl, C. Husemann, D. Horst, K. Kleo, V. Lennerz, S. Hennig, M. Hummel, M. Schumann
Summary: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by immune response involving gluten-specific CD4(+) T cells and gluten-triggered CD8(+) T cells. This study found that T cell receptors (TCRs) of gluten-triggered CD8(+) T cells were significantly enriched in the duodenal tissue of celiac disease patients, especially in refractory celiac disease. Sequence alignments suggest that these TCRs may recognize microbial, viral, and autoantigens.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Craig R. Soderquist, Suzanne K. Lewis, Alejandro A. Gru, George Vlad, Eli S. Williams, Susan Hsiao, Mahesh M. Mansukhani, David C. Park, Carlos E. Bacchi, Bachir Alobeid, Peter H. Green, Govind Bhagat
Summary: Refractory celiac disease type II (RCD II), a rare disorder with poor prognosis that often progresses to EATL, has a complex pathogenesis involving genetic mutations impacting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Immunophenotypic and genomic analyses provide insights into early genetic events in EATL formation and indicate potential therapeutic targets.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giulia Pivetta, Chiara Coluccio, Emanuele Dilaghi, Edith Lahner, Emanuela Pilozzi, Marilia Carabotti, Vito Domenico Corleto
Summary: Iron-deficiency anemia in the elderly may be caused by various gastrointestinal conditions. The use of routine duodenal biopsies for diagnostic purposes in elderly patients is debated. A cross-sectional study analyzing 7968 gastroscopies was conducted to determine the diagnostic value of routine duodenal biopsies in adult and elderly patients with no bleeding anemia. The study found limited diagnostic yield of routine duodenal biopsies in this population.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sebastian Stricker, Jan de Laffolie, Klaus-Peter Zimmer, Silvia Rudloff
Summary: This study found that PX-12 is an effective inhibitor of TG2, reducing the cross-linking reaction of PTG in cells. ERW1041 showed weaker inhibitory effect compared to PX-12. In addition, ERW1041 also inhibited the absorption of P56-88 by Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, TG2 inhibitors have potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of celiac disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emilio J. Laserna-Mendieta, Maria Jose Casanova, Angel Arias, Laura Arias-Gonzalez, Pedro Majano, Luis Alberto Mate, Carlos Humberto Gordillo-Velez, Mirella Jimenez, Teresa Angueira, Emilia Tebar-Romero, Maria Jesus Carrillo-Ramos, Maria angeles Tejero-Bustos, Javier P. Gisbert, Cecilio Santander, Alfredo J. Lucendo
Summary: This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of using fecal gluten immunogenic peptides (GIPs) to detect duodenal lesions in celiac disease (CD) patients on a long-lasting gluten-free diet (GFD). The results showed that GIP displayed low sensitivity but acceptable specificity for the detection of mucosal damage in CD.
Article
Pathology
Dustin E. Bosch, Yong-Jun Liu, Camtu D. Truong, Kelly A. Lloyd, Paul E. Swanson, Melissa P. Upton, Matthew M. Yeh
Summary: The study found that patients with H.pylori gastritis had higher duodenal intraepithelial lymphocyte counts, which decreased significantly after successful eradication therapy but remained elevated if treatment failed. Predictive criteria for infection were also identified based on lymphocyte counts per villus or per 100 enterocytes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marco Valvano, Stefano Fabiani, Sabrina Monaco, Mauro Calabro, Antonio Mancusi, Sara Frassino, Claudia Rolandi, Marta Mosca, Susanna Faenza, Emanuele Sgamma, Nicola Cesaro, Giovanni Latella
Summary: Celiac disease is a chronic enteropathy caused by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals. The only recommended treatment is a gluten-free diet, but unintentional gluten ingestion or refractory celiac disease with persistent villous atrophy poses a major challenge. This review analyzed data from randomized controlled trials and observational studies to evaluate adjunctive and novel therapies for CD and RCD. Although a gluten-free diet remains the only effective treatment, steroids, mesalamine, and biological therapies have shown promise in managing RCD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Antonio Carroccio, Maurizio Soresi, Marta Chiavetta, Francesco La Blasca, Stella Compagnoni, Alessandra Giuliano, Francesca Fayer, Francesca Mandreucci, Daniele Castellucci, Aurelio Seidita, Andrea Affronti, Ada Maria Florena, Pasquale Mansueto
Summary: NCWS patients commonly present with IBS-like symptoms, with around 50% also experiencing neuropsychiatric manifestations. They exhibit a longer duration of symptoms and a higher frequency of positive serum anti-nuclear antibodies. These findings suggest the importance of investigating a correlation between symptoms and wheat ingestion in patients with IBS-like and neuropsychiatric manifestations of unknown cause to identify potential NCWS patients with atypical symptoms.
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anupam Rej, Rachel Louise Buckle, Christian Charles Shaw, Nick Trott, Imran Aziz, David S. Sanders
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zohaib Asghar, Mo Thoufeeq, Matthew Kurien, Alex J. Ball, Anupam Rej, Foong Way David Tai, Shima Afify, Imran Aziz
Summary: There is limited data on the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy in patients with symptoms compatible with functional bowel disorders (FBDs). This study aimed to determine the diagnostic outcomes of colonoscopy in FBD patients using Rome IV criteria and categorizing them based on the presence or absence of alarm features. The presence of organic disease was found to be significantly higher in patients with diarrheal disorders compared to constipation disorders, mainly due to microscopic colitis. Colonoscopy had no diagnostic value in patients without alarm features.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anupam Rej, Imran Aziz, David S. Sanders
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A. Rej, D. S. Sanders, R. L. Buckle, N. Trott, I Aziz, C. C. Shaw
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sophie Parker, Olafur Palsson, David S. Sanders, Magnus Simren, Ami D. Sperber, Hans Tornblom, Heidi Urwin, William Whitehead, Imran Aziz
Summary: Individuals with celiac disease can experience gastrointestinal symptoms despite adhering to a gluten-free diet. This study found that half of the individuals with celiac disease who adhered to a gluten-free diet had functional gastrointestinal disorders, which was twice the rate compared to a matched control group. Furthermore, these individuals were more likely to have anxiety, depression, somatization, and reduced quality of life. Addressing gut-brain interaction disorders may improve outcomes in this specific group of patients.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anupam Rej, David S. Sanders, Christian C. Shaw, Rachel Buckle, Nick Trott, Anurag Agrawal, Imran Aziz
Summary: This randomized trial compared the efficacy of traditional dietary advice (TDA) with low FODMAP diet (LFD) and gluten-free diet (GFD) in patients with non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The results showed that while all three diets were effective, TDA was the most suitable for patients in terms of cost and convenience.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ami D. Sperber, Tamar Freud, Imran Aziz, Olafur S. Palsson, Douglas A. Drossman, Dan L. Dumitrascu, Xuicai Fang, Shin Fukudo, Uday C. Ghoshal, John Kellow, Rutaba Khatun, Edith Okeke, Eamonn M. M. Quigley, Max Schmulson, Magnus Simren, Jan Tack, William E. Whitehead, Peter Whorwell, Shrikant Bangdiwala
Summary: Gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome can have negative effects on patients' lives. This study found that 40.3% of surveyed individuals met the criteria for disorders of gut-brain interaction and that DGBI in multiple anatomic gastrointestinal regions is associated with increased psychological comorbidity, healthcare utilization, and IBS severity.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anupam Rej, David S. Sanders, Imran Aziz
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anupam Rej, David S. Sanders, Imran Aziz
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Christopher J. Black, Peter A. Paine, Anurag Agrawal, Imran Aziz, Maria P. Eugenicos, Lesley A. Houghton, Pali Hungin, Ross Overshott, Dipesh H. Vasant, Sheryl Rudd, Richard C. Winning, Maura Corsetti, Alexander C. Ford
Summary: This research aims to review and summarize the current evidence on functional dyspepsia, provide a practical framework for evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of patients, and provide specific recommendations based on the GRADE system. The study also considers the development of novel treatment methods and highlights areas of unmet need and priorities for future research.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julia Simons, Umair Shajee, Olafur Palsson, Magnus Simren, Ami D. Sperber, Hans Tornblom, William Whitehead, Imran Aziz
Summary: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and health impairment of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) in Great Britain and their emphasis in medical education. The results showed that DGBI are common in Great Britain and have a significant impact on health, but they are generally under-taught in the British medical education system. Increasing awareness and education on DGBI may improve patient outcomes.
UNITED EUROPEAN GASTROENTEROLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
A. Rej, A. Avery, I Aziz, C. J. Black, R. K. Bowyer, R. L. Buckle, L. Seamark, C. C. Shaw, J. Thompson, N. Trott, M. Williams, D. S. Sanders
Summary: There is a renewed interest in using dietary therapies to manage irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with traditional dietary advice (TDA), gluten-free diet (GFD) and low FODMAP diet (LFD) being the main focus. Evidence shows that TDA is effective based on case control studies and clinical experience, while randomized controlled trials (RCT) have proven the benefits of soluble fiber in IBS. Short-term studies show the efficacy of GFD, but long-term outcomes are lacking. LFD has good evidence for short-term and long-term benefits. There is currently no evidence to suggest one diet is superior to another, but TDA is more acceptable to patients. Dietitians should assess dietary triggers and tailor interventions according to patient choice. Alternative approaches like group clinics and online webinars can improve accessibility for patients. Further research is needed to compare dietary therapies with other management strategies for IBS.
Article
Oncology
Alex J. Ball, Imran Aziz, Sophie Parker, Ravishankar B. Sargur, Jonathan Aldis, Matthew Kurien
Summary: This study demonstrates that using FIT as a triage method for low-risk symptomatic primary care patients is safe and effective. FIT has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting CRC at a threshold of >= 10 mu g/g.
JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE CANCER NETWORK
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hannah Lorraine-Francis, Ellen Newberry, Imran Aziz
Summary: Approximately 1 in 10 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies are performed in patients with symptoms compatible with FD and no alarm features, but these endoscopies do not provide any diagnostic yield. It is recommended to diagnose FD in these patients without the need for endoscopy.
FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hussain Jaafari, Lesley A. Houghton, Robert M. West, Anurag Agrawal, Imran Aziz, Christopher J. Black, Maura Corsetti, Farag Shuweihdi, Maria Eugenicos, Peter A. Paine, Alexander C. Ford, Peter J. Whorwell, Shrikant I. Bangdiwala, Olafur S. Palsson, Ami D. Sperber, Dipesh H. Vasant
Summary: This study compared the prevalence of disorders of gut brain interaction (DGBI) in the UK with other countries and found that the proportion of DGBI participants was lower in the UK. The prevalence of 14 out of 22 Rome IV DGBI was similar between the UK and other countries, while some specific DGBI were more prevalent in the UK. Differences in opioid prescribing, cultural, dietary, and lifestyle factors may contribute to variations in the prevalence of DGBI between the UK and other countries.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)