Article
Behavioral Sciences
Fernando Vitor-Vieira, Fabiana C. Vilela, Alexandre Giusti-Paiva
Summary: Maternal infection during pregnancy can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders in children, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study found that maternal immune activation (MIA) can induce ASD-like symptoms in prepubertal offspring, with sex-specific effects on behavior and neuronal activation patterns in the brain.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
S. Alboni, C. Benatti, C. Colliva, G. Radighieri, J. M. C. Blom, N. Brunello, F. Tascedda
Summary: The study demonstrates that pretreatment with Vortioxetine prevents LPS-induced cognitive memory impairment without affecting acute sickness behavior and anhedonia. Vortioxetine may impact the immune response by affecting the microglia in the hippocampus.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anhui Fu, Fei Qiao, Hao Feng, Qing Luo
Summary: Neuroinflammation is a crucial pathophysiological process in depression. This study investigated the role of TREM-1 and its inhibition in depression using a mouse model induced by LPS. The results showed that TREM-1 inhibition by LP17 could alleviate depressive-like behaviors induced by LPS by mitigating neuroinflammation in the prefrontal cortex via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings suggest that TREM-1 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Bora Tastan, Burak I. Arioz, Kemal Ugur Tufekci, Emre Tarakcioglu, Ceren Perihan Gonul, Kursad Genc, Sermin Genc
Summary: In this study, DMF was shown to alleviate NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing levels of IL-1 beta, IL-18, caspase-1, and NLRP3, oxidative stress, and pyroptotic cell death via the Nrf2/NF-kappa B pathways. Additionally, DMF improved LPS-induced sickness behavior in male mice and decreased caspase-1/NLRP3 levels through Nrf2 activation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Katherine R. VanValin, Remy N. Carmichael-Wyatt, Erin L. Deters, Elizabeth M. Messersmith, Katie J. Heiderscheit, Katherine G. Hochmuth, Trey D. Jackson, Joshua M. Peschel, Anna K. Johnson, Stephanie L. Hansen
Summary: Increased supplemental Zn may alter the rate of recovery of Zn status from an acute inflammatory event. Ear-tag-based accelerometers are effective at detecting sickness behavior in feedlot steers, with rumination being potentially more sensitive than other variables.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Samuel C. Woodburn, Helina S. Asrat, James K. Flurer, Hana C. Schwierling, Justin L. Bollinger, Lauren L. Vollmer, Eric S. Wohleb
Summary: Chronic stress reduces synaptic expression of glutamate receptors in the PFC, leading to working memory deficits. Recent studies suggest that microglia are an important source of BDNF. Mice with deficient microglial BDNF showed increased susceptibility to the behavioral and cognitive consequences of stress.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yunting Zhu, Maree J. Webster, Caitlin E. Murphy, Frank A. Middleton, Paul T. Massa, Chunyu Liu, Rujia Dai, Cyndi Shannon Weickert
Summary: Quiescent microglia and increased pro-inflammatory macrophages co-exist in the cortex of people with schizophrenia.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
N. A. Uranova, O. V. Vikhreva, V. Rakhmanova
Summary: The study revealed increased microglial density in the brains of patients with schizophrenia, with associations to age, duration of disease, and age at onset. Microglial dystrophy and accelerated aging were observed in the gray matter of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia patients.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hidekazu Sotoyama, Hiroyoshi Inaba, Yuriko Iwakura, Hisaaki Namba, Nobuyuki Takei, Toshikuni Sasaoka, Hiroyuki Nawa
Summary: Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex has opposing effects on social behavior depending on the duration of its activation. Sustained dopamine activation suppresses social behavior while acute activation enhances it. The duration of social interactions is positively correlated with transient dopamine release and negatively correlated with sustained dopamine increase in the prefrontal cortex. Dopamine levels also modulate neural calcium signaling and c-Fos induction triggered by social stimuli in prefrontal neurons.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chenglong Ge, Wei Chen, Lina Zhang, Yuhang Ai, Yu Zou, Qianyi Peng
Summary: This study explores the role of the hippocampus-medial prefrontal cortex pathway in cognitive dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury. The results show that lipopolysaccharide induces cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behaviors. Chemogenetic activation of the hippocampus-medial prefrontal cortex pathway improves lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive dysfunction. However, inhibition of glutamate receptors eliminates the activation effect of the pathway and blocks its activation. The glutamate receptor-mediated CaMKII/CREB/BDNF/TrKB signaling pathway influences the role of the pathway in cognitive dysfunction in sepsis-associated encephalopathy.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Christina Veit, Andrew M. Janczak, Birgit Ranheim, Judit Vas, Anna Valros, Dale A. Sandercock, Petteri Piepponen, Daniela Dulgheriu, Janicke Nordgreen
Summary: Research has shown that injection of pigs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects pig behavior and neurotransmitters in the brain, with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs mitigating these effects.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tsuyoshi Hattori, Stanislav M. Cherepanov, Ryo Sakaga, Jureepon Roboon, Dinh Thi Nguyen, Hiroshi Ishii, Mika Takarada-Iemata, Takumi Nishiuchi, Takayuki Kannon, Kazuyoshi Hosomichi, Atsushi Tajima, Yasuhiko Yamamoto, Hiroshi Okamoto, Akira Sugawara, Haruhiro Higashida, Osamu Hori
Summary: This study reveals that astrocytes, specifically the CD38 protein expressed in them, play a crucial role in social behavior by regulating oxytocin release and synapse formation. Deletion of CD38 in postnatal astrocytes impairs social memory and inhibits synaptogenesis, highlighting the importance of astrocytes in neural circuit formation.
Article
Immunology
Carrianne J. Leschak, Erica A. Hornstein, Kate E. Byrne Haltom, Kerri L. Johnson, Elizabeth C. Breen, Michael R. Irwin, Naomi I. Eisenberger
Summary: This study examined neural regions involved in differentiating healthy from sick individuals using visual cues. The results showed that threat-related regions were not significantly active when viewing sick faces, but the ventromedial prefrontal cortex was more active in response to healthy faces. Participants tended to have lower VMPFC activity when viewing the least liked faces and the faces of those with the greatest inflammatory response.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xinxing Wu, Chong Peng, Peter T. Nelson, Qiang Cheng
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and LATE are complex neurodegenerative disorders affecting cognition and behavior. The development of drugs to target these diseases has been slow due to incomplete understanding of associated genes. Analyzing imbalanced data is challenging, but essential for identifying disease-related genes and improving potential treatment strategies.
Article
Immunology
Jinxiang Jiang, Binliang Tang, Lei Wang, Qingwei Huo, Shuyi Tan, Afzal Misrani, Yuanyuan Han, Huidong Li, Haidong Hu, Jichen Wang, Tinghui Cheng, Sidra Tabassum, Ming Chen, Wenyuan Xie, Cheng Long, Li Yang
Summary: Neuroinflammation induced by LPS leads to increased inhibitory postsynaptic currents in glutamatergic neurons, associated with excessive microglial activation. Minocycline can block microglial activation, improve abnormal GABA signaling protein expression, and prevent LPS-induced behavioral abnormalities.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Rehabilitation
Maria Sammut, Natalie Fini, Kirsti Haracz, Michael Nilsson, Coralie English, Heidi Janssen
Summary: The purpose of this study was to identify interventions that increase time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in patients with TIA or non-disabling stroke. However, there is currently very limited evidence for effective interventions for this patient population, highlighting the need for more clinically feasible interventions.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Rashid Afkhami, Sarah Johnson
Summary: In this study, a mathematical model for the reflection time and augmentation index was derived using transmission-line theory, and it was tested against reported values in the literature. Insights from the model were discussed, such as the age-related shift in the reflection site, variation of AI with heart rate, and flattening of Trefl in older participants.
MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
Mark A. Gradwell, Kieran A. Boyle, Tyler J. Browne, Andrew M. Bell, Jacklyn Leonardo, Fernanda S. Peralta Reyes, Allen C. Dickie, Kelly M. Smith, Robert J. Callister, Christopher Dayas, David Hughes, Brett A. Graham
Summary: Excitatory parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (ePVINs) in the spinal dorsal horn play an important role in sensory processing and form synaptic connections among and between inhibitory PVIN populations. They contribute to neuronal networks within several distinct circuits and their aberrant activity may contribute to the development of mechanical hypersensitivity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jacqueline A. Iredale, Jeremy G. Stoddard, Hannah R. Drury, Tyler J. Browne, Augustus Elton, Jessica F. Madden, Robert J. Callister, James S. Welsh, Brett A. Graham
Summary: The use of microelectrode arrays (MEAs) and mouse spinal cord slices allows the study of dorsal horn (DH) activity induced by chemical stimulation of DH circuits. This research provides a platform to investigate DH circuit activity and can be used to study different animal models and mice with genetically altered nociceptive function.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elizabeth Ditton, Brendon Knott, Nicolette Hodyl, Graeme Horton, Frederick Rohan Walker, Michael Nilsson
Summary: This study aims to assess the impact of an app-delivered psychological flexibility intervention on burnout and well-being among medical students, and compare the effects of individualized and nonindividualized interventions. The results will guide the development of burnout prevention and well-being initiatives for medical students and provide necessary psychological resources for individuals.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Sarah Ruth Valkenborghs, Charles H. Hillman, Oun Al-Iedani, Michael Nilsson, Jordan J. Smith, Angus Aaron Leahy, Simon K. Harries, Saadallah Ramadan, David Revalds Lubans
Summary: This study examined the impact of exercise on hippocampal metabolism in adolescents. The findings suggest that physical activity may improve hippocampal metabolism and have implications for working memory in lower fit older adolescents.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Madeleine Hinwood, Jenny Nyberg, Lucy Leigh, Sara Gustavsson, John Attia, Christopher Oldmeadow, Marina Ilicic, Thomas Linden, N. David Aberg, Chris Levi, Neil Spratt, Leeanne M. Carey, Michael Pollack, Sarah J. Johnson, Georg Hans Kuhn, Frederick R. Walker, Michael Nilsson
Summary: This study aims to analyze whether P2Y12R inhibitors increase the risk of cognitive disorder or dementia in stroke patients by their actions on microglia. The study will be conducted using real-world data from the Swedish National Health and Medical Registers and will involve a cohort study of stroke patients. Causal effect estimates and statistical analysis will be used to derive the causal estimand associated with this important clinical question.
Correction
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elizabeth Ditton, Brendon Knott, Nicolette Hodyl, Graeme Horton, Frederick Rohan Walke, Michael Nilsson
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Mark A. Gradwell, Kelly M. Smith, Christopher V. Dayas, Douglas W. Smith, David I. Hughes, Robert J. Callister, Brett A. Graham
Summary: The functional properties of PVINs are altered by aging, leading to a decrease in pain symptoms and the maintenance of normal sensory experience during aging.
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
(2022)
Article
Telecommunications
Muhammad Basit Shahab, Sarah J. Johnson, Mahyar Shirvanimoghaddam, Mischa Dohler
Summary: This article proposes a simple and efficient strategy for grant-free PD-NOMA by introducing special activity indicator symbols for early collision detection, which helps the base station identify successful transmissions and collisions before processing actual data.
TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Elizabeth Ditton, Brendon Knott, Nicolette Hodyl, Graeme Horton, Christopher Oldmeadow, Frederick Rohan Walker, Michael Nilsson
Summary: An app-delivered Acceptance and Commitment Training intervention can improve medical students' psychological flexibility and reduce stress, but it does not have significant effects on burnout outcomes such as exhaustion and cynicism.
JMIR MENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elizabeth Ditton, Brendon Knott, Nicolette Hodyl, Graeme Horton, Frederick Rohan Walker, Michael Nilsson
Summary: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of delivering an individualized Psychological Flexibility skill training intervention to medical students using an app-based delivery format. The findings showed that the app successfully delivered the assessment procedures and individualized intervention as intended, and the subjective feedback from students was generally positive. However, there were challenges in engagement with the app throughout the trial. These results provide a basis for further research on the efficacy of this intervention approach.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Karen Ribbons, Sarah Johnson, Elizabeth Ditton, Adrian Wills, Gillian Mason, Traci Flynn, Jodie Cochrane, Michael Pollack, Frederick Rohan Walker, Michael Nilsson
Summary: This study aims to develop a clinical decision tool that will assist with patient stratification and more precisely targeted clinical decision-making regarding prehabilitation and rehabilitation for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), based on the identified individual biopsychosocial needs. The study involves collecting comprehensive biopsychosocial information and analyzing the data to determine which presurgery parameters have the strongest predictive power for patient recovery. The findings will facilitate the development of a comprehensive prediction tool to improve patient recovery and satisfaction.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebecca J. Hood, Sonia Sanchez-Bezanilla, Daniel J. Beard, Ruslan Rust, Renee J. Turner, Shannon M. Stuckey, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Frederick R. Walker, Michael Nilsson, Lin Kooi Ong
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal cerebrovascular changes after cortical stroke. The findings showed transient cerebrovascular remodelling in the peri-infarct area up to 28 days post-stroke. Importantly, the cerebrovascular changes were extended beyond the peri-infarct region to the ipsilateral hippocampus and were sustained out to 84 days post-stroke.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Elena Prieto-Rodriguez, Kristina Sincock, Regina Berretta, Juanita Todd, Sarah Johnson, Karen Blackmore, Erica Wanless, Anna Giacomini, Lauren Gibson
Summary: This article examines the diverse experiences of female STEM professionals in regional Australia. Through in-depth interviews, it uncovers their journeys, challenges, shared traits, and differences in opinions.
HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.