Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Vladislav Yu. Shishkov, Evgeny S. Andrianov
Summary: Invariant subspaces in the system Hilbert space appear in non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in the fast thermalization limit, allowing the investigation of properties of non-ideal non-equilibrium BEC independently in each invariant subspace. The change in the dispersion curve caused by non-linearity in BEC can significantly affect the stability of BEC, with redshift potentially leading to negative compressibility and instability, while the change in effective mass makes BEC more stable.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Phillip M. Rauscher, Hans Christian Ottinger, Juan J. de Pablo
Summary: Nonequilibrium interfacial thermodynamics plays a crucial role in biological, physical, and industrial-scale transport processes. In this study, we propose a theory of local equilibrium for multiphase multicomponent interfaces and use molecular dynamics simulations to validate the theory. Our results provide a thermodynamic foundation and computational tools for studying various interfacial transport phenomena.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Dongliang Zhang, Qi Ouyang
Summary: Studying living systems from a nonequilibrium thermodynamic aspect has revealed its significance and usefulness through the development of stochastic thermodynamics. The historical importance of thermodynamic perspective in biological systems has led to breakthroughs such as the Jarzynski equality and Crooks' fluctuation theorem. The current theoretical framework for stochastic thermodynamics in biochemical reaction networks provides new insights for the thermodynamic study of biological systems.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Francesco Avanzini, Emanuele Penocchio, Gianmaria Falasco, Massimiliano Esposito
Summary: The study presents a universal theory accounting for interactions between chemical species using activity coefficients within a mean-field approach to ensure thermodynamic consistency. It revises standard mass-action kinetics and identifies the thermodynamic potential and forces driving non-ideal chemical systems out of equilibrium.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Tushar K. Saha, Jannik Ehrich, Momcilo Gavrilov, Susanne Still, David A. Sivak, John Bechhoefer
Summary: We experimentally demonstrate that information engines in contact with an out-of-equilibrium bath can convert thermal fluctuations into work at rates much higher than the traditional engines. By adding a fluctuating electric field, the work extraction can be increased up to ten times, limited only by the strength of the applied field. This connects Maxwell's demon with energy harvesting and shows the superior performance of information engines in non-equilibrium baths.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Domingos S. P. Salazar
Summary: The detailed fluctuation theorem (DFT) provides a statement about the asymmetry in the statistics of entropy production. It has been found that the DFT imposes a negative tight lower bound for the skewness of entropy production as a function of the mean.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Xinfang Nie, Xuanran Zhu, Keyi Huang, Kai Tang, Xinyue Long, Zidong Lin, Yu Tian, Chudan Qiu, Cheng Xi, Xiaodong Yang, Jun Li, Ying Dong, Tao Xin, Dawei Lu
Summary: Indefinite causal order (ICO) plays a crucial role in quantum technologies, and this study focuses on quantum thermodynamics and the performance evaluation of ICO refrigerator. By proposing the density matrix exponentiation (DME) approach, the coefficient of performance (COP) is significantly enhanced.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Emanuele Penocchio, Giulio Ragazzon
Summary: Molecular nonequilibrium systems have great potential for future nanotechnology, but their development is hindered by the lack of an informative representation. We extended the energy span model, an approach pertaining to catalytic networks, to provide an insightful visual representation of kinetic asymmetry in system dynamics. Our approach applies to both chemically and photochemically driven systems, ranging from unimolecular motors to simple self-assembly schemes. The obtained diagrams offer immediate access to information needed for guiding experiments and understanding the effects of design changes.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xinyu Liu, Hongliang Sheng, Song He, Chunhua Du, Yuansheng Ma, Chichi Ruan, Chunxiang He, Huaming Dai, Yajun Huang, Yuelei Pan
Summary: The pyrolysis kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrophobic silica aerogels under N2 environment were studied using three model-free methods. Based on the calculated kinetic parameters, the pyrolysis mechanism of silica aerogels was discussed. The volatile products of silica aerogel pyrolysis were found to mainly consist of hydrocarbons generated by the decomposition of hydrophobic groups (methyl groups) on the surface. The effects of pyrolysis on the properties of silica aerogels were investigated based on various analysis results.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Shuang Li, Hong Xiao
Summary: This study introduces a thermodynamically consistent generalized hydrodynamic theory to develop a unified framework for modeling both equilibrium and nonequilibrium gas flows. By extending linear dissipation to highly nonlinear dissipation to address nonlinear irreversible thermodynamics, the study fulfills the positive entropy generation criterion and shows good agreement with experimental data. The significance lies in providing a unified framework for modeling both equilibrium and nonequilibrium gas flows.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Raunak Dey, Avijit Kundu, Biswajit Das, Ayan Banerjee
Summary: This study investigates the crucial category of nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) in the mesoscopic world. By employing a model NESS stochastic system, the researchers demonstrate that time-integrated observables, such as the entropic current and work done on/dissipated by the system, follow the three Levy arcsine laws in the large time limit. The study provides insights into NESS statistics and the role of stochastic fluctuations.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaoshuang Chen, Elijah Thimsen
Summary: This study explores the stationary states of hydrogen-producing reactions in nonequilibrium plasmas, finding that the effluent composition is independent of the influent speciation and far from local equilibrium. The research underscores the importance of the recombination zone in plasmachemical processes.
Article
Biophysics
Benjamin Kuznets-Speck, David T. Limmer
Summary: We propose a theory to estimate equilibrium transition rates from trajectories driven by a time-dependent force using stochastic thermodynamics. By applying the Kawasaki relation and considering excess dissipation, we develop a nonequilibrium transition state theory. We validate our theory through examples of particle pulling and a reactive polymer. Our thermodynamic approach is expected to be useful in molecular simulation and force spectroscopy experiments.
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
P. L. Garrido
Summary: We study the behavior of stationary nonequilibrium two-body correlation functions for diffusive systems with equilibrium reference states. We describe the dynamic of the system using coupled Langevin equations with white noises. We decompose the correlations into known local equilibrium part and a nonequilibrium behavior, and solve the differential equations for the nonequilibrium part through a perturbative expansion. The results show that fluctuations are dominated by local equilibrium up to the second order in the perturbative expansion around the equilibrium state.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. Plati, A. Puglisi, A. Sarracino
Summary: We propose a thermodynamic uncertainty relation that constrains the average squared displacement of a Gaussian process with memory under the influence of unbalanced thermal baths and/or external forces. Our bound is more rigorous than previous results and is applicable at finite times. We verify our findings using experimental and numerical data from a vibrofluidized granular medium, which exhibits anomalous diffusion behavior. Our relation has the ability to discern between equilibrium and nonequilibrium dynamics in certain cases, which is challenging for Gaussian processes.
