Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malgorzata Sidorkiewicz
Summary: HCV infection greatly impacts the lipid and lipoprotein metabolism of the host, leading to conditions like hypolipidemia and hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Lipids and lipoproteins play a crucial role in all stages of the HCV life cycle, influencing viral entry into hepatocytes, replication, assembly, and secretion. The review aims to summarize how HCV utilizes host lipid metabolism for its own benefit.
Article
Cell Biology
Lopez-Bailon Luis, Gonzalez-Telona Ana, Galan-Enriquez Carlos, Garcia-Gil Abraham, Estrada-Garcia Iris, Moreno-Lafont Martha, Ortiz-Navarrete Vianney
Summary: Following infection of B cells, Salmonella activates mTORC1 through SopB, inhibiting autophagy and promoting bacterial survival within the cells.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Aram Mikaelyan
Summary: Ticks regulate bacterial proliferation by producing acarid toxins of bacterial origin, which help eliminate microbes that are pathogenic to ticks but commensal to their vertebrate hosts.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Zhenyu Zhao, Zhen Wei, Jiaxin Zheng, Zhihong Li, Hecun Zou, Xiang Wen, Fahong Li, Xueyu Wang, Qian Huang, Huaqing Zeng, Hui Fan, Xuefei Cai, Jiming Zhang, Bei Jia, Ailong Huang, Mengji Lu, Yong Lin
Summary: The study reveals that HBV utilizes RAB5A-mediated endosomal and autophagic vesicle pathways for its replication and persistence. RAB5A is a potential target for chronic HBV infection treatment.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara K. Martin, Mitch McVey
Summary: Deshpande et al. (2022) demonstrate that the gene encoding the tumor suppressor BRCA1, which is responsible for protecting the genome, is intrinsically fragile.
Article
Biology
Maria Sol Herrera-Cruz, Megan C. Yap, Nasser Tahbaz, Keelie Phillips, Laurel Thomas, Gary Thomas, Thomas Simmen
Summary: Rab32 promotes degradation of mitochondrial-proximal ER membranes via autophagy with the help of its effector RTN3L, a process proposed to be termed MAM-phagy.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Odeta Mece, Diede Houbaert, Patrizia Agostinis
Summary: Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) rely on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and the transcription factor PROX1 for growth and maintaining their identity. The loss of ATG5 in LECs prevents injury-induced lymphangiogenesis by impairing the degradation of lipid droplets (LDs) and disrupting mitochondrial fitness. This leads to reduced mitochondrial FAO and acetyl-CoA levels, affecting PROX1-mediated epigenetic regulation and key lymphatic markers. Supplementing with acetate, a fatty acid precursor, rescues defective inflammation-driven lymphangiogenesis in LEC-specific atg5 knockout mice.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Armando Solar-Lezama
Summary: Deep reinforcement learning has been applied to enhance computer code without requiring players to possess any specific knowledge. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in numerous programs.
Article
Cell Biology
Sergio Castro-Gonzalez, Yuhang Shi, Marta Colomer-Lluch, Ying Song, Kaitlyn Mowery, Sharilyn Almodovar, Anju Bansal, Frank Kirchhoff, Konstantin Sparrer, Chengyu Liang, Ruth Serra-Moreno
Summary: Macroautophagy/autophagy is an innate antiviral defense mechanism that targets virions and viral components for degradation, but its role in HIV infection is unclear. Studies show that autophagy poses a hurdle for HIV replication, but HIV-1 uses Nef to counteract this restriction.
Editorial Material
Hematology
Britta Will
Summary: This study demonstrates that acquired loss-of-function mutations of RUNX1 impair ribosomal biogenesis in AML, making myeloid progenitor cells more susceptible to apoptotic elimination following combined inhibition of protein translation and BCL-2. This approach allows for a more efficient impairment of leukemic cell growth in patients with RUNX1-mutant AML.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Raymond John Playford, Michael James Weiser
Summary: Colostrum is the milk produced in the first few days after birth, containing high levels of immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides, and growth factors that are important for supporting growth, development, and immunologic defense. Numerous studies have shown therapeutic benefits of bovine colostrum for maintaining wellbeing, treating medical conditions, and in animal husbandry.
Article
Cell Biology
Bhaskar Saha, Michelle Salemi, Geneva L. Williams, Seeun Oh, Michael L. Paffett, Brett Phinney, Michael A. Mandell
Summary: The study used proteomics to identify TRIM5a-interacting partners and found that TRIM5 is involved in mitophagy and maintaining cellular homeostasis, in addition to its known role in antiviral defense.
Article
Virology
Wei Li, Ji Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Qin Li, Wen Yin, Kevin K. Wanderi, Xiaowei Zhang, Zhiping Zhang, Xian-En Zhang, Zongqiang Cui
Summary: This study reveals the dynamic podosome-mediated entry of HIV-1 into macrophages, where the core and ring structures of podosomes play complex roles in viral entry, with the CCR5 coreceptor recruited to form specific clusters. The podosome facilitates HIV-1 entry with a rotation mode triggered by dynamic actin.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Kassandra Kisler, Berislav V. Zlokovic
Summary: The brain can regulate its own immune responses by sending molecular cues to immune cells in the skull bone marrow via the cerebrospinal fluid, as revealed by two recent papers. Furthermore, experimental spinal cord injury or bacterial meningitis specifically activate local vertebral and skull-resident hematopoietic cell injury responses.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Grant R. Campbell, Jia Zhuang, Gang Zhang, Igor Landa, Luke J. Kubiatowicz, Diana Dehaini, Ronnie H. Fang, Liangfang Zhang, Stephen A. Spector
Summary: This study demonstrates that DIABLO/SMAC mimetic loaded TNP have outstanding neutralizing breadth and potency against HIV-1, selectively killing HIV-1-infected cells through autophagy-dependent apoptosis with no off-target or cytotoxic effects on bystander cells. Genetic inhibition of early stages of autophagy abolishes this effect, indicating the potential of TNP as therapeutic agents for HIV-1 treatment.
