Poetry
Clinical Neurology
Mitchell S. V. Elkind
Summary: This passage depicts a person with difficulty in walking, struggling and persevering. It conveys the significance of persistence and determination.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Amanda Bianco, Raphael Zonis, Anne-Marie Lauzon, James Richard Forbes, Gijs Ijpma
Summary: This paper presents a force control scheme for measuring the shortening velocity of isometrically contracted muscle tissue. The control scheme utilizes a feedback controller and a feedforward controller, and is designed based on a nonlinear physiological model and system identification techniques. The scheme shows good performance and repeatability in experiments.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Hari T. Kalidindi, Frederic Crevecoeur
Summary: Recent studies have focused on how closed-loop models of movement control need to be updated when environmental parameters change. Rapid control updates enable flexible modifications of current actions and online decisions. When movement dynamics change, humans use different strategies based on adaptation and modulation of controller sensitivity.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qi Jin, Ze Yin, Qiumin Dai
Summary: In this study, a lumped model for a cooling system with a microchannel heat exchanger is presented, and control strategies with feedforward and feedback controllers are developed. By comparing different control strategies numerically and experimentally, the robustness and accuracy of the proposed physical model are examined, and a reliable and efficient control method is designed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ashwini Kulkarni, Chuyi Cui, Shirley Rietdyk, Satyajit Ambike
Summary: In human gait, passive dynamics are used to achieve energy-efficient walking, except when crossing an obstacle where caution is taken to maintain stability. Humans proactively manipulate the passive dynamics while approaching the obstacle to meet the demands of the locomotor task. Step length and center of mass motion co-vary to maintain specific levels of passive dynamic stability for each step.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ruiqiong Zhong, Dong Wang, Cheng Hu, Yuxin Li, Gege Feng
Summary: This paper proposes a Feedforward Control-Feedback Control Model based on the Multi-Layer Perceptron (FCFCM-MLP) to address the issue of low output due to an unreasonable allocation of resources in the industry-university-research collaboration network. Simulation tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in minimizing predictive control error and improving control accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chia-Hsuan Wu, Guan-Rong Huang, Cheng-Chih Chou, Ching-Ming Lai, Liang-Rui Chen
Summary: A novel compensated peak current mode control pulse width modulation (CPC-PWM) method is proposed in this paper, utilizing a feedback compensator (FBC) and a Feedforward compensator (FFC) to limit the output current and increase current accuracy, achieving a reduction in power dissipation.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Anna Latajka, Malgorzata Stefanska, Marek Wozniewski, Iwona Malicka
Summary: This study reveals that cancer patients experience a decrease in walking speed and an increased risk of falling after surgery. Further research is needed to determine the exact risk of falls in cancer patients.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Evan Wilt, Timothy Sands
Summary: This manuscript explores the applications of deterministic artificial intelligence (DAI) in a space environment in response to unknown sensor noise and sudden changes in craft physical parameters. It addresses the gaps in the current literature by evaluating the efficacy of DAI in the face of unaddressed parametric uncertainties, comparing it with an idealized control scheme.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Carl-Philipp Jansen, Jochen Klenk, Corinna Nerz, Chris Todd, Sarah Labudek, Franziska Kramer-Gmeiner, Clemens Becker, Michael Schwenk
Summary: In this study, older persons were categorized into four groups based on their objective and perceived risk of falling, and their daily walking activity was assessed using accelerometers. The results indicate that daily step counts were more closely associated with objective risk of falling than with perceived risk of falling.
Article
Neurosciences
Benjamin Parrell, Hyosub E. Kim, Assaf Breska, Arohi Saxena, Richard Ivry
Summary: Research shows that cerebellar degeneration affects adaptive responses in reaching and speech production, with no significant differences in compensatory responses. Furthermore, individuals with cerebellar degeneration exhibit impairments in feedforward control, while feedback control remains largely intact.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Yitao Zhou, Zhigang Wu, Chao Yang
Summary: This paper designs and analyzes a combined control system composed of feedforward control system and feedback control system for improving aircraft ride quality and reducing gust load. The simulation and experimental results show that the combined control system has better gust alleviation performance for various gust excitations.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Juxhino Kavaja, Aurelio Piazzi
Summary: Inversion-based control architectures utilize stable input-output inversion to determine feedforward control in feedforward-feedback schemes. The main types of architectures are plant and closed-loop inversion architectures. For scalar, linear, nonminimum-phase systems, these architectures are shown to be equivalent in terms of disturbance and plant perturbation, as long as the feedback controller ensures closed-loop stability. This equivalence holds true in practice with careful truncation of the preaction control. New rules based on output error are introduced to set the preaction and postaction times of a stable inverse input, aiding in choosing the preferred architecture during implementation. An example with simulation comparisons highlights the findings of the paper.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Biology
Ryohei Fukuma, Takufumi Yanagisawa, Shinji Nishimoto, Hidenori Sugano, Kentaro Tamura, Shota Yamamoto, Yasushi Iimura, Yuya Fujita, Satoru Oshino, Naoki Tani, Naoko Koide-Majima, Yukiyasu Kamitani, Haruhiko Kishima
Summary: In this study, it was found that neural representations of imagined images can still be present in humans even when they are shown conflicting images. Furthermore, there is semantic asymmetry between the neural representations of imagined and perceived images.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Hui Wang, Xiaoxiao Yao, Wuquan Li
Summary: This paper studies the output-feedback control for stochastic feedforward nonlinear systems with Markovian switching and unknown measurement sensitivity. By developing a stochastic dual-domination design approach, a state observer and an output feedback control law are designed. Using the generalized Ito formula and Dynkin formula for Markovian switching systems, it is proven that the closed-loop system has a unique solution and the solution of the closed-loop system is almost surely asymptotically stable. A simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Ilaria Mileti, Alessandro Zampogna, Alessandro Santuz, Francesco Asci, Zaccaria Del Prete, Adamantios Arampatzis, Eduardo Palermo, Antonio Suppa
Article
Biology
Sebastian Bohm, Falk Mersmann, Alessandro Santuz, Adamantios Arampatzis
Summary: The study explored the behavior of the soleus muscle during running and found that improvements in energy cost following increases in plantar flexor strength and Achilles tendon stiffness may be attributed to increased enthalpy efficiency of the operating soleus muscle. The results further suggest that the energy production of the soleus muscle during the lengthening phase of the muscle-tendon unit may play a crucial role in the overall metabolic energy cost of running.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Falk Mersmann, Theresa Domroes, Nikolaos Pentidis, Meng-Shiuan Tsai, Sebastian Bohm, Arno Schroll, Adamantios Arampatzis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of evidence-based tendon exercise intervention on high-level patellar tendon strain, micromorphological integrity, and pain in adolescent basketball players. The results suggest that functional high-load tendon exercises may reduce the prevalence of high-level patellar tendon strain and impairments of its micromorphology in adolescent athletes, providing new opportunities for tendinopathy prevention.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Sebastian Bohm, Falk Mersmann, Alessandro Santuz, Arno Schroll, Adamantios Arampatzis
Summary: The study found that the soleus and vastus lateralis muscles operate under different conditions during running, with the soleus continuously shortening as a work generator and the vastus lateralis contracting near optimal length for force generation. The favorable operating conditions of both muscles are attributed to the effective length and velocity-decoupling of fascicles and muscle-tendon unit.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mohamadreza Kharazi, Christos Theodorakis, Falk Mersmann, Adamantios Arampatzis, Sebastian Bohm
Summary: The study aimed to simplify the measurement of Achilles tendon curvature by reducing the number of markers while maintaining high accuracy. Results showed that using only 30% to 50% of the marker set can maintain high accuracy in determining AT length and strain, which is useful for practical applications.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Juri Taborri, Alessandro Santuz, Leon Bruell, Adamantios Arampatzis, Stefano Rossi
Summary: This study investigates the effects of anterior-posterior and medio-lateral perturbations on walking. The findings suggest that anterior-posterior perturbations are more challenging and result in differences in joint angles, range of motion, and inter-joint coordination. Medio-lateral perturbations only affect the ankle joint. These findings can be applied in rehabilitative protocols to reduce the risk of falling.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alessandro Santuz, Lars Janshen, Leon Bruell, Victor Munoz-Martel, Juri Taborri, Stefano Rossi, Adamantios Arampatzis
Summary: There is increasing evidence that including sex as a biological variable is crucial for promoting rigorous and reproducible science. However, the literature on the sex-specific characteristics of motor control in human locomotion is limited. In this study, we investigated muscle activation patterns and found sparse sex-specific modulations of motor control. Our results suggest the existence of small but defined sex-specific differences in the way humans control locomotion and that these differences are not fully maintained in older age.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robin Macchi, Alessandro Santuz, Arnaud Hays, Fabrice Vercruyssen, Adamantios Arampatzis, Avner Bar -Hen, Caroline Nicol
Summary: This study investigates the influence of sex on recovery after running exercise. The results suggest that women may recover earlier in a dynamic multi-joint task and that sex-specific organization of muscle synergies may contribute to their different recovery times.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Saru Meena Ramu, Panagiotis Chatzistergos, Nachiappan Chockalingam, Adamantios Arampatzis, Constantinos Maganaris
Summary: Existing approaches for automated tracking of fascicle length and pennation angle have limitations, but this study proposes a new method that quantifies changes in length and angle based on distortion patterns within the fascicle band, without the need for a single fascicle or specific intensity pattern.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Goran Radovanovic, Sebastian Bohm, Adamantios Arampatzis, Kirsten Legerlotz
Summary: The study found that patients with Achilles tendinopathy have asymmetries in mechanical, material, and morphological musculoskeletal properties and function. Therapeutic exercise interventions have little effect on these asymmetries, and reducing asymmetry does not necessarily improve tendon health.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Mohamadreza Kharazi, Christos Theodorakis, Falk Mersmann, Sebastian Bohm, Adamantios Arampatzis
Summary: This study enhances our understanding of how different mechanisms in the triceps surae muscles contribute to the increase in mechanical power and work at the ankle joint during different walking speeds. Both the soleus (Sol) and gastrocnemii muscles play a role in the speed-related increase of mechanical work at the ankle joint, but through distinct energetic processes and mechanisms. This knowledge can inform the design of exercise interventions and customized assistance through bioinspired exoskeleton configurations.
Article
Sport Sciences
Theresa Domroes, Kolja Weidlich, Sebastian Bohm, Adamantios Arampatzis, Falk Mersmann
Summary: Imbalances between muscle strength and tendon stiffness may increase the risk of tendon structural impairments and tendinopathy in adolescent athletes. This study found that female athletes had lower muscle strength and patellar tendon stiffness compared to males, with no significant changes over the competitive season. There were no differences in tendon strain and structural integrity fluctuations between sexes.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adamantios Arampatzis, Mohamadreza Kharazi, Christos Theodorakis, Falk Mersmann, Sebastian Bohm
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the role of biarticular mechanisms of the gastrocnemius muscles in providing energy for power and work at the ankle joint during running at increasing speeds. The contribution of the monoarticular soleus and the biarticular gastrocnemius muscles to mechanical power and work at the ankle joint was measured, and it was found that although the soleus had a higher contribution, the biarticular mechanisms of the gastrocnemius also played a significant role. Energy transfer between the ankle and knee joints was observed during the stance and push-off phases, with the gastrocnemius muscles accounting for 16% of the total positive ankle joint work. The rate of energy transfer from the knee to ankle joint increased with speed, indicating the involvement of biarticular mechanisms in running.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Leon Bruell, Natalie Hezel, Adamantios Arampatzis, Michael Schwenk
Summary: This study compared the feasibility and effectiveness of two different balance training methods (PBTtreadmill and PBTstability) in older adults. Both methods were found to be effective in improving balance ability and reducing fall risk in older adults. However, PBTtreadmill showed better results in improving reactive balance, while PBTstability had more wide-ranging effects on balance ability.
Article
Sport Sciences
Adamantios Arampatzis, Gunnar Laube, Arno Schroll, Johannes Frank, Sebastian Bohm, Falk Mersmann
Summary: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a perturbation-based exercise intervention in preventing chronic non-specific low-back pain in adolescent athletes over one year. The intervention led to a reduction in low-back pain incidence, decreased pain intensity, increased muscle strength, and a reduction in muscle strength imbalances. Specific trunk muscle interventions are necessary for preventing low-back pain in athletes.
TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Nathan D. Camarillo, Rafael Jimenez-Silva, Frances T. Sheehan
Summary: This article discusses the statistical dependence between multiple measurements from the same participant and provides recommendations for using these measurements when they are not independent.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
J. Huet, A. -S. Boureau, A. Sarcher, C. Cornu, A. Nordez
Summary: Standard compression in freehand 3D ultrasound induces a bias in volume calculations, but minimal compression and gel pad methods have similar results. With a trained examiner and precautions, the bias can be minimized and become acceptable in clinical applications.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
C. Lariviere, A. H. Eskandari, H. Mecheri, F. Ghezelbash, D. Gagnon, A. Shirazi-Adl
Summary: Recent developments in musculoskeletal modeling have focused on model customization. Personalization of the spine profile may affect estimates of spinal loading and stability. This study investigates the biomechanical consequences of changes in the spinal profile and finds that personalizing the spine profile has medium to large effects on trunk muscle forces and negligible to small effects on spinal loading and stability.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Luke T. Mattar, Arash B. Mahboobin, Adam J. Popchak, William J. Anderst, Volker Musahl, James J. Irrgang, Richard E. Debski
Summary: Exercise therapy fails in about 25.0% of cases for individuals with rotator cuff tears, and one reason for this failure may be the inability to strengthen and balance the muscle forces that keep the humeral head in the correct position. This study developed computational musculoskeletal models to compare the net muscle force before and after exercise therapy between successfully and unsuccessfully treated patients. The study found that unsuccessfully treated patients had less inferiorly oriented net muscle forces, which may increase the risk of impingement.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Natsuki Sado, Takeshi Edagawa, Toshihide Fujimori, Shogo Hashimoto, Yoshikazu Okamoto, Takahito Nakajima
Summary: The existing methods for predicting hip and lumbosacral joint centres in Japanese adults are biased and differ between sexes. We propose new regression equations that consider soft-tissue thickness, sex differences, and a height-directional measure, and validate them using leave-one-out cross-validation.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Peimin Yu, Xuanzhen Cen, Qichang Mei, Alan Wang, Yaodong Gu, Justin Fernandez
Summary: This study aimed to explore the intra-foot biomechanical differences among individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI), copers, and healthy individuals during dynamic tasks. The study found that copers and CAI individuals had smaller dorsiflexion angles and copers presented a more eversion position compared to healthy participants. Copers also had greater dorsiflexion angles in the metatarsophalangeal joint and more inversion moments in the subtalar joint during certain tasks. These findings can help in designing interventions to restore ankle joint functions in CAI individuals.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Jon Skovgaard Jensen, Anders Holsgaard-Larsen, Anders Stengaard Sorensen, Per Aagaard, Jens Bojsen-Moller
Summary: This study investigates the biomechanical effects of robot-assisted body weight unloading (BWU) on gait patterns in healthy young adults. The results show that dynamic robot-assisted BWU enables reduced kinetic requirements without distorting biomechanically normal gait patterns during overground walking.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
