Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Leciejewska, Pawel A. Kolodziejski, Maciej Sassek, Leszek Nogowski, Emilian Malek, Ewa Pruszynska-Oszmalek
Summary: This study demonstrates that ostarine stimulates muscle tissue proliferation and differentiation via activation of the androgen receptor.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kasja Pavlovic, Nina Krako Jakovljevic, Andjelka M. Isakovic, Tijana Ivanovic, Ivanka Markovic, Nebojsa M. Lalic
Summary: Although high doses of metformin can cause Complex I inhibition and AMPK activation in skeletal muscle cells, therapeutic doses do not have this effect. The study also found that cells cultured in low glucose environment are more sensitive to high doses of metformin, while cells cultured in high glucose environment are more prone to producing ROS.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
McKenzie Crist, Benyamin Yaniv, Sarah Palackdharry, Maria A. Lehn, Mario Medvedovic, Timothy Stone, Shuchi Gulati, Vidhya Karivedu, Michael Borchers, Bethany Fuhrman, Audrey Crago, Joseph Curry, Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn, Vinita Takiar, Trisha M. Wise-Draper
Summary: The study demonstrates that metformin enhances the activation of peripheral NK cells and promotes NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in HNSCC through downregulation of CXCL1.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Christie M. Penniman, Gourav Bhardwaj, Colette J. Nowers, Chandler U. Brown, Taylor L. Junck, Cierra K. Boyer, Jayashree Jena, Jordan D. Fuqua, Vitor A. Lira, Brian T. O'Neill
Summary: This study investigates the role of FoxOs in regulating muscle strength and mitochondrial function with age. The results show that deletion of FoxOs increases muscle strength and improves mitochondrial function in both young and aged mice. This is partly due to the suppression of atrophic pathways and the maintenance of OXPHOS.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alec I. McKenzie, Ziad S. Mahmassani, Jonathan J. Petrocelli, Naomi M. M. P. de Hart, Dennis K. Fix, Patrick J. Ferrara, Paul C. LaStayo, Robin L. Marcus, Matthew T. Rondina, Scott A. Summers, Jordan M. Johnson, Joel D. Trinity, Katsuhiko Funai, Micah J. Drummond
Summary: This study examined the short-term effects of metformin on skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in healthy older adults. The findings suggest that metformin does not impact mitochondrial respiration but influences mitochondrial free radical and satellite cell dynamics in aged, glucose-tolerant muscle.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rattiyaporn Kanlaya, Chonnicha Subkod, Supanan Nanthawuttiphan, Visith Thongboonkerd
Summary: Habitual coffee drinking is associated with lower risks for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nephrolithiasis. This study investigated the cellular adaptive response of renal tubular cells to caffeine and identified protein-level changes in pathways related to proteasome, ribosome, TCA cycle, DNA replication, spliceosome, amino acid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, nucleocytoplasmic transport, cell cycle, cytoplasmic translation, translation initiation, and mRNA metabolic process. Functional validation experiments confirmed that caffeine affects cell cycle, cellular energy, and mitochondrial function.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nikita Naicker, Hylton Rodel, Rubeshan Perumal, Yashica Ganga, Mallory Bernstein, Ntombi Benede, Salim Abdool Karim, Nesri Padayacthi, Alex Sigal, Kogieleum Naidoo
Summary: Current TB treatment regimens can be affected by drug resistance, but metformin has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy for TB. However, the mechanism of how metformin modulates the interaction between Mtb and macrophages is not well understood. In this study, live cell tracking was used to show that metformin significantly inhibits Mtb growth and regulates cytokine and chemokine response better than isoniazid. This research provides new evidence for the role of metformin as a host-directed approach to TB treatment.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Xia Dong, Tiankun Hui, Jie Chen, Zheng Yu, Dongyan Ren, Suqi Zou, Shunqi Wang, Erkang Fei, Huifeng Jiao, Xinsheng Lai
Summary: Metformin treatment improves muscle function and diminishes neuromuscular deficits in mdx mice, suggesting its potential use as a therapeutic drug in DMD patients.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ming Yang, Tamana Darwish, Pierre Larraufie, Debra Rimmington, Irene Cimino, Deborah A. Goldspink, Benjamin Jenkins, Albert Koulman, Cheryl A. Brighton, Marcella Ma, Brian Y. H. Lam, Anthony P. Coll, Stephen O'Rahilly, Frank Reimann, Fiona M. Gribble
Summary: Recent studies have found that the gastrointestinal tract is an important site of action for metformin, affecting glucose uptake, glycolysis, and GDF-15 secretion likely due to observed mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings help explain the effects of metformin on intestinal glucose utilization and food balance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaohui Sun, Mingxin Dong, Yu Gao, Yan Wang, Liqing Du, Yang Liu, Qin Wang, Kaihua Ji, Ningning He, Jinhan Wang, Manman Zhang, Yeqing Gu, Huijuan Song, Hezheng Zhai, Li Feng, Chang Xu, Qiang Liu
Summary: This study found that metformin can increase the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells and radiation-resistant lung cancer cells. Moreover, the study found that metformin reduces the degradation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), leading to reduced transcription of antioxidant-related proteins, inhibition of DNA damage repair pathways, and disruption of G2/M phase arrest after radiation. In an animal model, metformin combined with radiation therapy showed better results compared to single treatments. Therefore, metformin may be developed as a sensitizer for radiotherapy against lung cancer.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Camila Donoso-Barraza, Juan Carlos Borquez, Carlos Sepulveda, Francisco Diaz-Castro, Claudia Sepulveda-Quinenao, Juan Manuel Rodriguez, Omar Porras, Rodrigo Troncoso
Summary: This study investigates the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in insulin signaling and glucose uptake. The results show that glucose restriction increases endogenous production of H2S and H2S disrupts insulin-induced glucose uptake, which may help maintain plasma glucose levels.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka, Johanna Huttunen, Agnieszka Zajda, Joanna Sikora, Kristiina M. Huttunen
Summary: This study presents the synthesis of eight novel sulfonamide-based biguanides and evaluates their anti-cancer effects on breast cancer cells. The synthesized compounds showed stronger cytotoxic properties compared to metformin, with compound 2 exhibiting the highest activity. Compound 2 induces apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, arrests cell cycle, and inhibits cancer cell migration. The study concludes that chemical modification of the biguanide scaffold can improve its anti-neoplastic potential.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Thomas J. O'Leary, Neil P. Walsh, Anna Casey, Rachel M. Izard, Jonathan C. Y. Tang, William D. Fraser, Julie P. Greeves
Summary: Supplementary energy can enhance bone formation, but the implications for skeletal adaptation and stress fracture risk are still unclear. The mechanism likely involves protecting markers of metabolic function, rather than reproductive or thyroid function.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agnieszka Szewczyk, Inga Kwiecien, Mariusz Grabowski, Karolina Rajek, Emilia Cavo, Maria Fernanda Taviano, Natalizia Miceli
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties and investigate the content of major secondary metabolites in Ginkgo biloba cell cultures, with the addition of phenylalanine leading to an increase in the production of phenolic acids. The extract showed moderate antioxidant activity and good chelating properties, reaching approximately 70% activity at the highest tested dose.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kanchan Phadwal, Qi-Yu Tang, Ineke Luijten, Jin-Feng Zhao, Brendan Corcoran, Robert K. Semple, Ian G. Ganley, Vicky E. MacRae
Summary: Arterial calcification, a characteristic of cardiovascular disease, shares similarities with skeletal mineralization but the cellular mechanisms are not fully understood. This study found that vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification is associated with elongated mitochondria, increased reactive oxygen species production, and reduced mitophagy. The protein expressions of OPA1 and DRP1, key regulators of mitochondrial fusion and fission, respectively, were also altered. Additionally, p53-induced mitochondrial fusion was found to underlie cellular senescence in VSMC calcification.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)