Article
Thermodynamics
Yanala Dharmendar Reddy, B. Shankar Goud, M. Riaz Khan, Mohamed Abdelghany Elkotb, Ahmed M. Galal
Summary: The study investigates the numerical results of steady 2-D MHD stagnation point flow of an incompressible nanofluid along a stretching cylinder, with consideration of radiation and convective boundary conditions. Similarity transformations are used to modify momentum, energy, and nanoparticle volume fraction equations, and bvp5c inbuilt MATLAB tool is used for numerical computations.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Min A. Kang, Justin Fang, Aloka Paragodaarachchi, Keita Kodama, Daniela Yakobashvi, Yuko Ichiyanagi, Hiroshi Matsui
Summary: This study investigates the ability of superparamagnetic cage-shaped iron oxide nanoparticles to generate Brownian motion by tuning the nanoparticle size at alternating magnetic field frequencies. The findings suggest that the magnetic Brownian motion of 20 nm IO-nanocages improves the efficiency of siRNA delivery.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fabian A. Garcia Daza, Antonio M. Puertas, Alejandro Cuetos, Alessandro Patti
Summary: Understanding the rheology of colloidal suspensions is crucial for formulating industry-relevant products. Microrheology technique allows for the analysis of viscoelastic behavior at a microscopic level. The extended dynamic Monte Carlo technique shows promise in investigating active microrheology in colloidal suspensions.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Milad Ramezanpour, Majid Siavashi, Ali Q. Raeini, Martin J. Blunt
Summary: The transport and deposition of nanoparticles in a microchannel are investigated numerically. The deposition ratio of nanoparticles is influenced by nanoparticle diameter, fluid velocity, temperature, surface potentials, and double-layer thickness. Brownian motion dominates the behavior, and increasing temperature and decreasing nanoparticle diameter enhance the deposition. The electrostatic double-layer force also affects the deposition, and an increase in surface potential decreases the deposition ratio.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yanala Dharmendar Reddy, B. Shankar Goud
Summary: The objective of this study is to investigate the numerical findings of the steady incompressible 2-D MHD stagnation point flow of nanofluid over a stretching cylinder with radiation impact. The influence of radiation and convective boundary conditions on flow and nanoparticle distribution is examined.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ahmad Shafee, Maliheh Saber Shahraki, Ali Hosseini Taleghani, Nguyen Dang Nam, Iskander Tlili
Summary: The selective drug delivery system with minimized negative consequences may be an excellent alternative in fighting cancer and pathogens. The study investigated the role of Lorentz force on nanomaterial flow between cylinders, showing changes in velocity and temperature gradient with varying parameters.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hamid Loulijat, Hassane Moustabchir
Summary: This paper presents the study of nanoscale mechanisms and their effects on shear viscosity enhancement in nanofluid through equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. The results reveal the contribution of Brownian motion of gold nanoparticles and interfacial layer at water-gold interface to shear viscosity enhancement.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yifeng Wu, Haohua Wen, Weijin Chen, Yue Zheng
Summary: This Letter proposes a new source of migration barrier for skyrmion transport, i.e., a local lattice distortion field due to spin-lattice coupling, which can lead to the same Arrhenius diffusion behavior in defect-free skyrmion materials. Through spin-lattice dynamics simulations, the study provides insights into the influence of local lattice distortion field on skyrmion transport, refreshing the mechanistic understanding in this field.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Amael Obliger
Summary: By starting from orthogonal dynamics, a set of coupled Volterra equations can be obtained to describe the projected time correlation functions between variables of interest. These equations can be solved using standard numerical inversion methods, providing a convenient and efficient approach to obtain projected time correlation functions or contributions to the memory kernel in a generalized Langevin equation.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mona Nissen, Ronny Foerster, Torsten Wieduwilt, Adrian Lorenz, Shiqi Jiang, Walter Hauswald, Markus A. Schmidt
Summary: A microstructured fiber-assisted nanoparticle tracking analysis (FaNTA) is introduced for accurate determination of size distribution of nanoparticle ensembles. The method breaks existing limitations and achieves excellent sizing precision and unprecedented separation capabilities of bimodal nanoparticle mixtures. The FaNTA method can improve the precision standard of mono- and polydisperse nanoparticle samples.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohamad Klazly, Gabriella Bognar
Summary: This paper reviews the theoretical, numerical, and experimental viscosity correlations of nanofluids and proposes a new correlation that can predict the effective viscosity of nanofluids by considering several factors that significantly affect viscosity.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fabian A. Garcia Daza, Antonio M. Puertas, Alejandro Cuetos, Alessandro Patti
Summary: This study investigates particle tracking in soft materials using Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations and microrheology techniques. The effects of size and ordering on the system relaxation are evaluated under different structural properties. The results reveal that the size of the tracer and the background ordering have a direct influence on the observed microrheology phenomena.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
F. R. Cunha, Y. Z. Sinzato, I. D. O. Pereira
Summary: In this study, experimental evidence is provided to support the description of the magnetoviscous effect of a ferrofluid as a suspension of ellipsoidal particles. The findings are important for understanding the flow behavior of magnetic fluids in shear and pipe flows, which has practical applications in lubrication and magnetic sealing.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Kristian Stolevik Olsen
Summary: This study investigates the nonequilibrium steady state arising from stochastic resetting to a distribution. It is shown that for a range of processes, the steady-state moments can be expressed as a linear combination of the moments of the resetting position distribution. The coefficients of this series are universal and only dependent on the underlying dynamics, regardless of the resetting distribution. The study focuses on Brownian particles and run-and-tumble particles confined in a harmonic potential, providing explicit closed-form expressions for all moments for any resetting distribution, which are verified through numerical simulations.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nathan G. Caldeira, Eduardo Folco Capossoli, Carlos A. D. Zarro, Henrique Boschi-Filho
Summary: This study investigates the fluctuations and dissipation of a string in a deformed AdS-Schwarzschild spacetime, calculating various quantities such as admittance, diffusion coefficient, two-point functions, and mean square displacement. The researchers also confirmed the fluctuation-dissipation theorem within this holographic model.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Daniel B. Reeves, Yunda Huang, Elizabeth R. Duke, Bryan T. Mayer, E. Fabian Cardozo-Ojeda, Florencia A. Boshier, David A. Swan, Morgane Rolland, Merlin L. Robb, John R. Mascola, Myron S. Cohen, Lawrence Corey, Peter B. Gilbert, Joshua T. Schiffer
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Annukka A. R. Antar, Katharine M. Jenike, Sunyoung Jang, Danielle N. Rigau, Daniel B. Reeves, Rebecca Hoh, Melissa R. Krone, Jeanne C. Keruly, Richard D. Moore, Joshua T. Schiffer, Bareng A. S. Nonyane, Frederick M. Hecht, Steven G. Deeks, Janet D. Siliciano, Ya-Chi Ho, Robert F. Siliciano
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bethany Dearlove, Eric Lewitus, Hongjun Bai, Yifan Li, Daniel B. Reeves, M. Gordon Joyce, Paul T. Scott, Mihret F. Amare, Sandhya Vasan, Nelson L. Michael, Kayvon Modjarrad, Morgane Rolland
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Charline Bacchus-Souffan, Mark Fitch, Jori Symons, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Daniel B. Reeves, Rebecca Hoh, Mars Stone, Joseph Hiatt, Peggy Kim, Abha Chopra, Haelee Ahn, Vanessa A. York, Daniel L. Cameron, Frederick M. Hecht, Jeffrey N. Martin, Steven A. Yukl, Simon Mallal, Paul U. Cameron, Steven G. Deeks, Joshua T. Schiffer, Sharon R. Lewin, Marc K. Hellerstein, Joseph M. McCune, Peter W. Hunt
Summary: During HIV treatment, individuals suppressed by ART have similar CD4 T cell turnover rates compared to uninfected individuals, but lower absolute proliferation rates and plasma IL-7 levels. Effector memory (TEM) cells have the fastest replacement rates, are highly enriched for integrated HIV-DNA and cell-associated HIV-RNA, and contain the most clonal proviral expansion. Early ART initiation is associated with lower levels of integrated HIV-DNA, cell-associated HIV-RNA, and fractional replacement rates.
Article
Biology
E. Fabian Cardozo-Ojeda, Elizabeth R. Duke, Christopher W. Peterson, Daniel B. Reeves, Bryan T. Mayer, Hans-Peter Kiem, Joshua T. Schiffer
Summary: Research shows that under certain conditions, HIV viral control can be achieved through autologous transplantation of CCR5 gene-edited hematopoietic stem cells.
Article
Biology
Ashish Goyal, Daniel B. Reeves, E. Fabian Cardozo-Ojeda, Joshua T. Schiffer, Bryan T. Mayer
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is difficult to contain due to pre-symptomatic transmissions, with a small percentage of infected individuals causing large outbreaks. Infected individuals with SARS-CoV-2 or influenza may be highly contagious for less than a day, typically corresponding to peak viral load. Super-spreader events of SARS-CoV-2 occur when infected individuals shed virus at a very high load and have numerous contacts, potentially due to aerosol transmission.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David A. Swan, Morgane Rolland, Joshua T. Herbeck, Joshua T. Schiffer, Daniel B. Reeves
Summary: Modern HIV research relies heavily on viral sequencing and population measurements, and the study found that viral evolution during primary infection is mainly driven by the intrinsic fitness distribution rather than positive selection by the host adaptive immune system. The infectivity of mutant variants is primarily determined by an exponential distribution, with most variants being slightly less infectious than their parents.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Virology
David A. Swan, Ashish Goyal, Chloe Bracis, Mia Moore, Elizabeth Krantz, Elizabeth Brown, Fabian Cardozo-Ojeda, Daniel B. Reeves, Fei Gao, Peter B. Gilbert, Lawrence Corey, Myron S. Cohen, Holly Janes, Dobromir Dimitrov, Joshua T. Schiffer
Summary: Clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines assess efficacy against symptomatic disease, but may not fully differentiate between preventing infection or preventing symptoms. Using mathematical modeling, it is shown that high vaccine efficacy not only requires preventing transmission after infection, but also minimizing symptoms post-infection. Different vaccines may achieve high efficacy through varying mechanisms, with vaccines that offer complete protection against infection or transmission reducing the number of vaccinations needed for herd immunity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Noah A. J. Cassidy, Carolyn S. Fish, Claire N. Levy, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Daniel B. Reeves, Sean M. Hughes, Joshua T. Schiffer, Sarah Benki-Nugent, Grace John-Stewart, Dalton Wamalwa, Keith R. Jerome, Julie Overbaugh, Florian Hladik, Dara A. Lehman
Summary: A major barrier to HIV cure research in populations with high HIV burden is the absence of an accurate assay to quantify the replication-competent reservoir across different HIV-1 subtypes. Researchers have modified a subtype B HIV-1 assay to adapt it for use with subtypes A, B, C, D, and CRF01_AE, demonstrating its ability to detect single copies of intact provirus.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Bryan T. Mayer, Allan C. deCamp, Yunda Huang, Joshua T. Schiffer, Raphael Gottardo, Peter B. Gilbert, Daniel B. Reeves
Summary: Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are a promising drug for the prevention and treatment of HIV. However, due to differences in breadth, potency, and in vivo longevity, it is important to optimize the composition and dose ratio of combination bNAb therapies to enhance efficacy.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dhrubo Jyoti, Scott W. Gordon-Wylie, Daniel B. Reeves, Keith D. Paulsen, John B. Weaver
Summary: Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) is a technique that can detect and quantify molecular biomarkers at very low concentrations. It utilizes the harmonic signals of magnetic nanoparticles induced by a low-frequency magnetic field to provide quantitative information about their microenvironment. One important application involves using antibody-coated nanoparticles to produce biomarker-mediated aggregation, which can be detected using MPS. However, changes in viscosity can also affect the relaxation signals. In this study, a metric is proposed to distinguish between aggregation and viscosity changes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel B. Reeves, Christian Gaebler, Thiago Y. Oliveira, Michael J. Peluso, Joshua T. Schiffer, Lillian B. Cohn, Steven G. Deeks, Michel C. Nussenzweig
Summary: Most proviruses in people living with HIV are defective, but intact proviruses can lead to viral rebound. The two-probe intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) found 40-fold more intact proviruses compared to the near full length (nfl) Q4PCR. Both assays showed that defective proviruses did not decay over 10 years. However, the average half-lives of intact proviruses were different: 108 months for IPDA and 65 months for Q4PCR. Misclassified defective proviruses and very long-lived intact proviruses could explain this difference.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel B. Reeves, Charline Bacchus-Souffan, Mark Fitch, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Rebecca Hoh, Haelee Ahn, Mars Stone, Frederick Hecht, Jeffrey Martin, Steven G. Deeks, Marc K. Hellerstein, Joseph M. McCune, Joshua T. Schiffer, Peter W. Hunt
Summary: The persistence of HIV in people on suppressive antiretroviral therapy is linked to physiological mechanisms of CD4+ T cells. This study investigates the longitudinal kinetics of HIV DNA and cell turnover rates in different CD4 cell subsets. The results indicate that HIV clears faster in more proliferative/differentiated CD4 cell subsets and therapies targeting proliferation and differentiation may reduce HIV DNA levels.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ashish Goyal, Daniel B. Reeves, Joshua T. Schiffer
Summary: The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has hindered global efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants are characterized by higher transmissibility, worse infection outcomes, and evasion of immunity. They are believed to have originated from animal reservoirs, communities with low surveillance, or individuals with poor immune control. The factors that determine the predominance of these variants are not fully understood. A multi-scale model of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics suggests that stochasticity plays a significant role in determining predominance. Variants with higher infectiousness, early super-spreader events, and the decline of the current dominant variant are more likely to become predominant. Furthermore, most highly infectious variants that infect only a few individuals do not persist in the population. Therefore, reducing super-spreading events can delay or mitigate the emergence of variants of concern.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel B. Reeves, Morgane Rolland, Bethany L. Dearlove, Yifan Li, Merlin L. Robb, Joshua T. Schiffer, Peter Gilbert, E. Fabian Cardozo-Ojeda, Bryan T. Mayer
Summary: This study developed a simple HIV primary infection model using pNLME statistical inference and viral loads from 46 RV217 study participants, achieving a good fit to the data and discovering a strong correlation between Aptima assay values and viral loads.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2021)