Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuanhao Xu, Cheuk Wai Leung, Stella W. Pang
Summary: Shape memory polymer (SMP) is a smart material that can recover its original shape when exposed to a certain stimulus. By controlling the temperature gradient, the bending recovery speed and angle of the SMP micropost array can be adjusted, leading to changes in optical transmissivity. This has potential applications in various optical devices.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Minwoo Bae, Seungpyo Woo, Jae Min Lee, Woochul Lee, Sang-Hee Yoon
Summary: A theoretical model for the photopatternable thickness of photocurable PnCs containing carbon-based HAR fillers was established in this research, with its accuracy verified through experiments. Furthermore, the study extensively addressed the impact of filler content and UV exposure energy on the photopatterning error of photocurable PnCs containing carbon-based HAR filler.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiahe Li, Yifan Xie, Zeyu Feng, Chutian Zhang, Hongli Zhang, Xin Chen, Gang Zou
Summary: We demonstrate a simple and scalable method to fabricate macroscopic chiral assemblies of Ag nanowires in poly(vinyl alcohol). These nanocomposites can convert achiral fluorescence into circularly polarized luminescence, with the handedness depending on the stirring direction and spectral overlapping. The orientation and optical activity of the Ag nanowires assemblies can be reversibly modulated during mechanical stretching and shape recovery processes. Inkjet printing technology can be used to easily fabricate flexible and programmable circularly polarized luminescence patterns. This method provides a new avenue for rational designs and applications of smart chiroptical devices.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhengguang Heng, Lei Wang, Fei Chen, Ji Zhou, Haoruo Zhang, Xueqin Zhang, Tong Sun, Youquan Ling, Shuang Xia, Mei Liang, Yang Chen, Huawei Zou
Summary: Using block copolymers to improve the mechanical properties of materials, particularly the aspect ratio of the nanostructures, has shown promising results. This study presents a viable approach to in-situ construct ultra-high aspect-ratio core-shell nanostructures in epoxy, and explains the morphology evolution during the epoxy preparation process. The findings show that the nanostructured epoxy exhibits simultaneous improvements in tensile strength, elongation at break, fracture toughness, and tensile modulus, even with a low content of block copolymer. The resulting carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites also show a significant increase in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). Furthermore, the glass transformation temperatures (T-g) of the modified epoxy matrices and their corresponding CFRPs remain similar to those of the unmodified materials. These findings provide insights and potential new ideas for the design of next-generation advanced composites.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qiongchan Gu, Jiangtao Lv, Xinwei Mo, Xiaoxiao Jiang
Summary: High aspect ratio metamaterials are crucial in nanotechnology and biotechnology for developing new devices. Overcoming the diffraction limit is essential for high resolution microscopy techniques. Although many theoretical optical devices have been proposed, fabricating special optical components with high aspect ratios is extremely challenging. This article summarizes the commonly used fabrication approaches and reviews the important applications of high aspect ratio metamaterials. Furthermore, it proposes and verifies methods for optimizing device performance by manipulating geometric parameters.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xiaozhou Yang, Brittany L. Bonnett, Glenn A. Spiering, Hannah D. Cornell, Bradley J. Gibbons, Robert B. Moore, E. Johan Foster, Amanda J. Morris
Summary: The aspect ratio of filler particles significantly affects the mechanical properties of particle-reinforced polymer composites, with increasing aspect ratio and concentration leading to higher elastic and dynamic moduli. However, beyond a certain particle loading threshold, these properties start to decrease. The mechanical reinforcement in the system mainly comes from efficient load transfer between particles and the matrix in the particle orienting direction, as shown by the failure of the percolation model and the Cox model to adequately fit the data. The thermal stability of the composite films is enhanced with the addition of MOF particles due to their high thermal degradation temperature and restricted polymer chain mobility.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Alisa C. Suturin, Andreas J. D. Krueger, Kathrin Neidig, Nina Klos, Nina Dolfen, Michelle Bund, Till Gronemann, Rebecca Sebers, Anna Manukanc, Ghazaleh Yazdani, Yonca Kittel, Dirk Rommel, Tamas Haraszti, Jens Koehler, Laura De Laporte
Summary: Growing millimeter-scaled functional tissue has been a challenge in tissue engineering. However, microporous annealed particles (MAPs) show promise as porous biomaterials for tissue growth. By chemically interlinking rod-shaped microgels with high aspect ratios, researchers have been able to increase the pore size and overall MAP porosity of stable scaffolds. The study demonstrates that highly porous, macroporous hydrogels can be achieved with a low volume of synthetic, high aspect ratio microgels, providing ample space for cell ingrowth and interactions.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mario Pelaez-Fernandez, Bruno Majerus, Daniel Funes-Hernando, Romain Dufour, Jean-Luc Duvail, Luc Henrard, Raul Arenal
Summary: High aspect-ratio gold nanostructures exhibit Fabry-Perot-like surface plasmon responses from infrared to visible light energies and can be tuned by laser irradiation. The plasmonic behavior of these nanostructures has been characterized using advanced analysis techniques, demonstrating the selective tuning of plasmonic modes within a specific spectral range.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Soon Wei Daniel Lim, Maryna L. Meretska, Federico Capasso
Summary: This study introduces an alternative metasurface geometry based on high aspect ratio via-holes, designing and characterizing metalenses that focus incident infrared light into a diffraction-limited spot. By engineering both transmitted phase and amplitude profiles simultaneously, the impedance match between the incident and transmitted waves is improved, leading to increased focusing efficiency. The holey platform enhances the accessible aspect ratio of optical nanostructures while maintaining mechanical robustness, paving the way for a generation of high aspect ratio ruggedized flat optics.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bikram Roy Chowdhury, Ethan S. Hecht
Summary: Research has been conducted to measure the dispersion characteristics of cryogenic hydrogen jets from high aspect ratio nozzles. The results indicate similar dispersion rate and half-widths compared to round nozzle releases, providing validation for models used in simulations of cryogenic hydrogen dispersion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Manopriya Samtham, Diwakar Singh, K. Hareesh, Rupesh S. Devan
Summary: The production of energy using renewable energy sources and its storage is receiving attention due to the depletion of fossil fuels and growing energy demands. Electrochemical capacitors with high specific capacitance, power density, cyclic stability, and fast charging-discharging rates have become important for energy storage. Many researchers have focused on developing one-dimensional nanostructure electrode materials to enhance the energy storage ability of electrochemical capacitors, with conducting polymer nanostructures being highly desirable. However, their low specific capacitance and poor cyclic stability can be overcome by developing conducting polymer-based composites.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ronald Barrett-Gonzalez, Nathan Wolf
Summary: This paper explores a class of actuators suitable for modern high speed, high performance subscale aircraft, focusing on the challenges micro aircraft face and the advantages of piezoceramic actuators in this environment. Through reverse-biased spring mechanisms, significant performance improvements and actuator envelopes can be achieved, with post-buckled precompressed (PBP) actuator arrangements showing the highest performance and low weight configurations.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hrudaya Jyoti Biswal, Anshul Yadav, Pandu R. Vundavilli, Ankur Gupta
Summary: This work synthesized vertically grown rod type ZnO nanostructures on metallic nickel tube films using the cost-effective process of electroforming. The use of tubular metal substrates for the growth of ZnO nanorods showed advantages for photocatalytic degradation of EtBr dye. XRD and FESEM were used to characterize the nickel tubes with ZnO nanorods, and the photocatalytic efficacy was revealed through comprehensive mineralization of the dye within 150 min. The study also included DFT analysis to investigate the adsorption properties of EtBr on ZnO nanorods and the growth of nanorods on electroformed Ni tubes.
Article
Polymer Science
Gaby D. Lizana-Vasquez, Luis F. Arrieta-Viana, Janet Mendez-Vega, Aldo Acevedo, Madeline Torres-Lugo
Summary: This study focuses on the design, characterization, and evaluation of thermo-responsive synthetic terpolymers for cell manufacturing and in vitro culture applications. The terpolymers show promising potential as a scaffold for cell culture, with low cytotoxicity and the ability to encapsulate various cell types without interfering with staining or imaging protocols.
Article
Polymer Science
Chao Jiang, Fuxin Liang
Summary: Janus particle-armored porous elastomers (JPEs) were fabricated using a flexible and scalable emulsion polymerization method. The hard Janus particles significantly enhanced the modulus of the porous elastomers and improved their thermal dimensional stability. JPEs exhibited excellent compressive resilience with frequency dependence, making them potentially applicable to vibration-damping fields.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Charlotte E. Vorwald, Tomas Gonzalez-Fernandez, Shreeya Joshee, Pawel Sikorski, J. Kent Leach
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jakob Vinje, Kai S. Beckwith, Pawel Sikorski
JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kai S. Beckwith, Marianne S. Beckwith, Sindre Ullmann, Ragnhild S. Saetra, Haelin Kim, Anne Marstad, Signe E. Asberg, Trine A. Strand, Markus Haug, Michael Niederweis, Harald A. Stenmark, Trude H. Flo
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Signe Elisabeth Asberg, Sindre Dahl Mediaas, Anne Marstad, Liv Ryan, Claire Louet, Bjornar Sporsheim, Kai Sandvold Beckwith, David Michael Underhill, Alexandre Gidon, Trude Helen Flo
Summary: After antibiotic treatment, Mav is killed and its compartment fuses with lysosomes. However, there is no nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B or production of inflammatory cytokines, indicating different lysosomal compartments may have different innate signaling capabilities.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Florian Schueder, Juanita Lara-Gutierrez, Daniel Haas, Kai Sandvold Beckwith, Peng Yin, Jan Ellenberg, Ralf Jungmann
Summary: The researchers introduced a new super-resolution microscopy technique called pPAINT, which can sensitively detect the spatial proximity of biomolecules and has broad applications in cellular research.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Sarah Lehnert, Pawel Sikorski
Summary: The use of microspheres in cell-laden biomaterials offers advantages such as high surface-to-volume ratio, but the assembly of collagen fibers in alginate matrix requires further investigation. Addition of small polar molecules and careful selection of gelling buffer can aid the assembly process in gelled alginate matrix.
MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer Zehner, Anja Royne, Pawel Sikorski
Summary: MICP is a biological process inducing biomineralization of CaCO3 to form solid materials similar to concrete, with the crystallization surfaces potentially influencing the precipitation process. This study focuses on the influence of calcite seeds on the MICP process, analyzing the precipitation process through changes in pH and optical density signals. The research shows significant differences in pH evolution between samples with and without calcite seeds, with implications for consolidated MICP materials.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer Zehner, Anja Royne, Pawel Sikorski
Summary: Biocementation is a process based on either microbial-induced carbonate precipitation or enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation to create sustainable, consolidated porous material through the biomineralization of CaCO3 in a granular medium. A microscopy sample cell combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy allows real time monitoring of CaCO3 precipitation and pH, with the ability to characterize the precipitated crystals without sample disturbance. This approach offers a powerful tool for knowledge-based improvements in biocementation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah Lehnert, Pawel Sikorski
Summary: This study presents a simple method for preparing 3D constructs with distinct regions of high cell concentrations without the need for elaborate equipment. By incorporating cells in a sacrificial alginate matrix and adding cell-relevant biopolymers like collagen, a spatially confined, interpenetrating network at the microscale can be formed. Incorporating these cell-containing microspheres in thin collagen layers allows for achieving a layered structure at the macroscale, and the behavior of cells in cell migration pattern can vary based on the initial composition of the alginate microspheres, as shown with the murine pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1.
MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hakon I. Rost, Ezequiel Tosi, Frode S. Strand, Anna Cecilie asland, Paolo Lacovig, Silvano Lizzit, Justin W. Wells
Summary: This study uses X-ray photoelectron diffraction to accurately determine the structural configuration of phosphorus dopants in subsurface silicon, which is of great interest as a silicon-based quantum computer platform. The growth of 6-layer systems with different doping levels is carefully studied and verified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. The results reveal that the subsurface dopants primarily substitute with silicon atoms from the host material, and no signs of carrier-inhibiting P-P dimerization are observed. This work not only settles a nearly decade-long debate about the dopant arrangement but also sheds light on the suitability of X-ray photoelectron diffraction for studying subsurface dopant structure.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Nicolai Winter-Hjelm, Aste Brune Tomren, Pawel Sikorski, Axel Sandvig, Ioanna Sandvig
Summary: In this study, a microdevice with geometrical constraints inspired by a Tesla valve was used to promote unidirectional axonal outgrowth between neuronal nodes, enabling control of afferent connectivity. The network formed exhibited higher modularity and more efficient organization compared to single nodal controls. The microdevice allowed for longitudinal study and manipulation of both the structure and function of neuronal networks, providing novel insights into the development, topological organization, and neuroplasticity mechanisms of neuronal assemblies.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Arooj Munir, Janne Elin Reseland, Hanna Tiainen, Havard Jostein Haugen, Pawel Sikorski, Emil Frang Christiansen, Finn Per Reinholt, Unni Syversen, Lene Bergendal Solberg
Summary: Currently, there is a lack of in vitro models for primary human osteocytes embedded in a natural mineralized matrix without artificial scaffolds. However, we have successfully established cell culture conditions that promote the natural 3D orientation of bone cells and induce the differentiation of primary human osteoblasts into osteocytes. These osteocyte-like cells exhibit the characteristic phenotypical dendritic network and are embedded in a structured, mineralized, collagen matrix. This model system has the potential to study osteocyte-like cell differentiation, intercellular communication, and the mineralization process in vitro, without the use of artificial scaffolds.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jakob B. Vinje, Noemi Antonella Guadagno, Cinzia Progida, Pawel Sikorski
Summary: The study reveals that cells exhibit different behavior on dense nanopillar arrays compared to flat surfaces or sparse pillar arrays, with focal adhesions forming closer to the cell periphery.
NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Pawel Sikorski
BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Laetitia Bardet, Herve Roussel, Stefano Saroglia, Masoud Akbari, David Munoz-Rojas, Carmen Jimenez, Aurore Denneulin, Daniel Bellet
Summary: The thermal instability of silver nanowires leads to increased electrical resistance in AgNW networks. Understanding the relationship between structural and electrical properties of AgNW networks is crucial for their integration as transparent electrodes in flexible optoelectronics. In situ X-ray diffraction measurements were used to study the crystallographic evolution of Ag-specific Bragg peaks during thermal ramping, revealing differences in thermal and structural transitions between bare and SnO2-coated AgNW networks.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nathalia Cancino-Fuentes, Arnau Manasanch, Joana Covelo, Alex Suarez-Perez, Enrique Fernandez, Stratis Matsoukis, Christoph Guger, Xavi Illa, Anton Guimera-Brunet, Maria V. Sanchez-Vives
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive characterization of graphene-based solution-gated field-effect transistors (gSGFETs) for brain recordings, highlighting their potential clinical applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sikandar Aftab, Hailiang Liu, Dhanasekaran Vikraman, Sajjad Hussain, Jungwon Kang, Abdullah A. Al-Kahtani
Summary: This study examines the effects of hybrid nanoparticles made of NiO@rGO and NiO@CNT on the active layers of polymer solar cells and X-ray photodetectors. The findings show that these hybrid nanoparticles can enhance the charge carrier capacities and exciton dissociation properties of the active layers. Among the tested configurations, the NiO@CNT device demonstrates superior performance in converting sunlight into electricity, and achieves the best sensitivity for X-ray detection.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hyo Jung Shin, Seung Gyu Choi, Fengrui Qu, Min-Hee Yi, Choong-Hyun Lee, Sang Ryong Kim, Hyeong-Geug Kim, Jaewon Beom, Yoonyoung Yi, Do Kyung Kim, Eun-Hye Joe, Hee-Jung Song, Yonghyun Kim, Dong Woon Kim
Summary: This study investigates the role of SOX9 in reactive astrocytes following ischemic brain damage using a PLGA nanoparticle plasmid delivery system. The results demonstrate that PLGA nanoparticles can reduce ischemia-induced neurological deficits and infarct volume, providing a potential opportunity for stroke treatment.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anurag Chaudhury, Koushik Debnath, Nikhil R. Jana, Jaydeep K. Basu
Summary: The study investigates the interaction between nanoparticles and cell membranes, and identifies key parameters, including charge, crowding, and membrane fluidity, that determine the adsorbed concentration and unbinding transition of nanoparticles.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sina Sadeghi, Fazel Bateni, Taekhoon Kim, Dae Yong Son, Jeffrey A. Bennett, Negin Orouji, Venkat S. Punati, Christine Stark, Teagan D. Cerra, Rami Awad, Fernando Delgado-Licona, Jinge Xu, Nikolai Mukhin, Hannah Dickerson, Kristofer G. Reyes, Milad Abolhasani
Summary: In this study, an autonomous approach for the development of lead-free metal halide perovskite nanocrystals is presented, which integrates a modular microfluidic platform with machine learning-assisted synthesis modeling. This approach enables rapid and optimized synthesis of copper-based lead-free nanocrystals.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zahir Abbas, Nissar Hussain, Surender Kumar, Shaikh M. Mobin
Summary: The rational construction of free-standing and flexible electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices is an emerging research focus. In this study, a redox-active metal-organic framework (MOF) was prepared on carbon nanofibers using an in situ approach, resulting in a flexible electrode with high redox-active behavior and unique properties such as high flexibility and lightweight. The prepared electrode showed excellent cyclic retention and rate capability in supercapacitor applications. Additionally, it could be used as a freestanding electrode in flexible devices at different bending angles.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lishan Zhang, Xiaoting Zhang, Hui Ran, Ze Chen, Yicheng Ye, Jiamiao Jiang, Ziwei Hu, Miral Azechi, Fei Peng, Hao Tian, Zhili Xu, Yingfeng Tu
Summary: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising local treatment modality in cancer therapy, but its therapeutic efficacy is restricted by ineffective delivery of photosensitizers and tumor hypoxia. In this study, a phototactic Chlorella-based near-infrared (NIR) driven green affording-oxygen microrobot system was developed for enhanced PDT. The system exhibited desirable phototaxis and continuous oxygen generation, leading to the inhibition of tumor growth in mice. This study demonstrates the potential of using a light-driven green affording-oxygen microrobot to enhance photodynamic therapy.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yujin Li, Jing Xu, Xinqi Luo, Futing Wang, Zhong Dong, Ke-Jing Huang, Chengjie Hu, Mengyi Hou, Ren Cai
Summary: In this study, hollow heterostructured materials were constructed using an innovative template-engaged method as cathodes for zinc-ion batteries. The materials exhibited fast Zn2+ transport channels, improved electrical conductivity, and controlled volume expansion during cycling. The designed structure allowed for an admirable reversible capacity and high coulombic efficiency.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Paritosh Mahato, Shashi Shekhar, Rahul Yadav, Saptarshi Mukherjee
Summary: This study comprehensively elucidates the role of the core and electrostatic surface of metal nanoclusters in catalytic reduction reactions. The electrostatic surface dramatically modulates the reactivity of metal nanoclusters.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pei Liu, Mengdi Liang, Zhengwei Liu, Haiyu Long, Han Cheng, Jiahe Su, Zhongbiao Tan, Xuewen He, Min Sun, Xiangqian Li, Shuai He
Summary: This study demonstrates a simple and environmentally-friendly method for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanozymes (ZnO NZs) using wasted hop extract (WHE). The WHE-ZnO NZs exhibit exceptional peroxidase-like activity and serve as effective catalysts for the oxidation of 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, a straightforward colorimetric technique for detecting both H2O2 and glucose was developed using the WHE-ZnO NZs as peroxidase-like catalysts.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hyunkyu Oh, Young Jun Lee, Eun Ji Kim, Jinseok Park, Hee-Eun Kim, Hyunsoo Lee, Hyunjoo Lee, Bumjoon J. Kim
Summary: Mesoporous carbon particles have unique structural properties that make them suitable as support materials for catalytic applications. This study investigates the impact of channel nanostructures on the catalytic activity of porous carbon particles (PCPs) by fabricating PCPs with controlled channel exposure on the carbon surface. The results show that PCPs with highly open channel nanostructures exhibit significantly higher catalytic activity compared to those with closed channel nanostructures.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yunjie Lu, Zhaohui Li, Zewei Li, Shihao Zhou, Ning Zhang, Jianming Zhang, Lu Zong
Summary: A tough, long-lasting adhesive and highly conductive nanocomposite hydrogel (PACPH) was fabricated via the synergy of interfacial entanglement and adhesion group densification. PACPH possesses excellent mechanical properties, interfacial adhesion strength, and conductivity, making it a promising material for long-term monitoring of human activities and electrocardiogram signals.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zichao Wei, Audrey Vandergriff, Chung-Hao Liu, Maham Liaqat, Mu-Ping Nieh, Yu Lei, Jie He
Summary: We have developed a simple method to prepare polymer-grafted plasmonic metal nanoparticles with pH-responsive surface-enhanced Raman scattering. By using pH-responsive polymers as ligands, the aggregation of nanoparticles can be controlled, leading to enhanced SERS. The pH-responsive polymer-grafted nanoparticles show high reproducibility and sensitivity in solution, providing a novel approach for SERS without the need for sample pre-concentration.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Melis Ozge Alas Colak, Ahmet Gungor, Merve Buldu Akturk, Emre Erdem, Rukan Genc
Summary: This research investigates the effect of functionalizing carbon dots with hydroxyl polymers on their performance as electrode materials in a supercapacitor. The results show that the functionalized carbon dots exhibit excellent electrochemical performance and improved stability.
