Article
Food Science & Technology
Xiaoshuang Liu, Leran Wang, Saiqun Wang, Rui Cai, Tianli Yue, Yahong Yuan, Zhenpeng Gao, Zhouli Wang
Summary: In this study, four commercial enzymes were used to degrade patulin and showed high degradation rates. The quality indicators of apple juice remained stable after enzyme degradation, and the toxicity of the degradation products was lower. This discovery may provide a more convenient option for juice detoxification.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shuai Wang, Xiaolu Wang, Leena Penttinen, Huiying Luo, Yuhong Zhang, Bo Liu, Bin Yao, Nina Hakulinen, Wei Zhang, Xiaoyun Su
Summary: Patulin, a mycotoxin commonly found in foods and beverages, can be efficiently degraded by a manganese peroxidase enzyme. The enzyme was able to rapidly degrade patulin and detoxify it, making it a potential candidate for enzymatic detoxification in food and beverages.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Mathieu Schwartz, Fabrice Neiers, Jean-Philippe Charles, Jean-Marie Heydel, Carolina Munoz-Gonzalez, Gilles Feron, Francis Canon
Summary: The oral cavity serves as an entry path into the body, containing enzyme systems for early neutralization of harmful substances. Detoxification enzymes in saliva are involved in metabolism of compounds affecting aroma perception. Further research is needed to understand the impact of oral enzymatic detoxification on food flavor perception.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Qiya Yang, Xi Zhang, Dhanasekaran Solairaj, Yu Fu, Hongyin Zhang
Summary: This study reveals the molecular responses of Meyerozyma guilliermondii to PAT exposure and the enzymes involved in PAT degradation using transcriptomics. The functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes suggests that the molecular responses mainly include the up-regulation of genes related to resistance and drug-resistance, intracellular transport, growth and reproduction, transcription, DNA damage repair, antioxidant stress, and PAT detoxification. This study elucidates the possible molecular responses and PAT detoxification mechanism of M. guilliermondii, which can contribute to the commercial application of antagonistic yeast for mycotoxin decontamination.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mingming Xue, Tiecheng Wang, Qiuhong Sun, Guangzhou Qu, Hanzhong Jia, Lingyan Zhu
Summary: The low-temperature discharge plasma approach is effective in detoxifying patulin in water and destroying the lactone and hemiacetal groups responsible for its toxicity. After treatment, acute oral toxicity in rats and developmental toxicity decreased, which was confirmed by cytotoxicity tests using yeast cells and HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Junfang Ma, Esa A. Godana, Qiya Yang, Hongyin Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the degradation efficacy of the toxic fungal metabolite PAT by the fungus H. sinensis and the mechanisms involved. The results showed that H. sinensis degraded 100% of PAT in the culture medium within 30 hours. The living cells of H. sinensis did not absorb PAT, and the cell wall and extracellular metabolites were not involved in the degradation. The addition of cycloheximide inhibited the degradation of PAT by H. sinensis. The intracellular enzymes of H. sinensis played a crucial role in the degradation process. This finding provides a new solution for PAT degradation.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Adriana Moriguchi Jeckel, Franziska Beran, Tobias Zuest, Gordon Younkin, Georg Petschenka, Prayan Pokharel, Domenic Dreisbach, Stephanie Christine Ganal-Vonarburg, Christelle Aurelie Maud Robert
Summary: This review summarizes methods for studying how herbivorous insects cope with plant specialized metabolites (PSMs), and how to validate the genetic and biochemical mechanisms involved in PSM resistance. This research is crucial for understanding the biology, population dynamics, and evolution of herbivorous insects.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Adel K. Madbouly, Younes M. Rashad, Mohamed I. M. Ibrahim, Nahla T. Elazab
Summary: This study investigated the application of an endophytic fungus for biodegradation and biosuppression of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by Aspergillus flavus. Among the screened endophytic fungi isolated from healthy maize plants, Trichoderma sp. showed the highest degradation potential (76.8%). It was identified as Trichoderma harzianum AYM3 and exhibited a 65% inhibition in the growth of A. flavus AYM2 in vitro. Co-culturing T. harzianum AYM3 and A. flavus AYM2 on maize grains significantly suppressed (67%) AFB1 production. The study also identified two AFB1-suppressing compounds, acetic acid and n-propyl acetate, and revealed the downregulating effects of T. harzianum AYM3 metabolites on the expression of aflP and aflS genes. The cytotoxicity assay using HepaRG cell line indicated the safety of T. harzianum AYM3 metabolites. These findings suggest that T. harzianum AYM3 can be used to suppress AFB1 production in maize grains.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ying Luo, Lulu Liu, Li Yuan, Jianke Li, Xiaoyuan Wang
Summary: Probiotic yeast strain Pichia guilliermondii S15-8 showed high ability to degrade patulin in apple-derived products, with optimal degradation conditions established at 30 degrees C, 5 mL of juice simulated solution, and 24 hours of incubation, degrading over 90% of patulin. The yeast also exhibited strong tolerance to high levels of patulin stress, making it a potential candidate for detoxification of apple-derived products.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yu Ding, Fengjuan Liu, Jin Yang, Yingying Fan, Lvjian Yu, Zenghao Li, Na Jiang, Jing An, Ziwei Jiao, Cheng Wang
Summary: Penicillium expansum is the main cause of apple rot, causing significant economic losses during apple storage. A bacterium named YL-RY0310 was isolated, which effectively inhibited the growth of P. expansum and production of PAT in apples. Morphological and genetic analysis revealed that YL-RY0310 is 96% homologous to Bacillus mojavensis.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Na Li, Rui Cui, Fang Zhang, Xianghong Meng, Bingjie Liu
Summary: This article reviews the latest advances in reducing patulin in foods, focusing on preharvest prevention and postharvest control. Various strategies such as natural extracts, biological control agents, degrading enzymes, and bio-adsorbents have been explored for reducing patulin contamination. However, further research is needed to improve the effectiveness and cost efficiency of these strategies.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Qiya Yang, Junfang Ma, Dhanasekaran Solairaj, Yu Fu, Hongyin Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the control efficacy of Meyerozyma guilliermondii on patulin in pears. The results showed that M. guilliermondii could effectively control patulin production by Penicillium expansum in shuijing pear wounds from 3 to 11 days. However, it had a poor control effect on fragrant pear and dangshan pear wounds. The ability of M. guilliermondii to degrade patulin in shuijing pear wounds increased with higher concentration of yeast cells, and 1 x 10(8) cells/mL showed the best control effect. M. guilliermondii could effectively control patulin in shuijing pears at 20 degrees C and 4 degrees C both in wounds and whole fruits.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Edicon T. S. Chan, Yan Zhu, Xiu-Zhen Li, Ting Zhou, Stephen Y. K. Seah
Summary: Patulin is a mycotoxin that contaminates apples and apple products, but can be transformed into E-ascladiol by extracts from Gluconobacter oxydans ATCC 621. The identification and characterization of enzymes involved in the transformation provide insights into their potential application for patulin detoxification.
Article
Microbiology
Davide Palmieri, Cecilia Miccoli, Ivan Notardonato, Pasquale Avino, Giuseppe Lima, Filippo De Curtis, Giuseppe Ianiri, Raffaello Castoria
Summary: Regulation of extracellular pH is critical for the virulence of fungal pathogens like P. expansum, which acidifies host tissues through organic acid secretion. Biocontrol can affect PAT production by P. expansum, reducing infection and PAT contamination.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mengzhou Zhou, Ke Xiao, Lin Zhang, Menglin Liu, Leibing Li, Hanjian Zhu, Wenyue Wang, Chi Yi, Fan Yu, Qin Li, Chao Wang
Summary: This study evaluated the protective effects of 15 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates against patulin exposure using the Caenorhabditis elegans model. Only three strains, Lacticaseibacillus casei ZM4, Lactobacillus johnsonii PC4, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum M2, showed significant protection. Further evaluations showed that all three strains had similar patulin binding abilities, while Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum M2 had better detoxification of patulin's reproductive toxicity and showed colonization ability and immune regulation in C. elegans. These results suggest that C. elegans can be a useful model for screening patulin detoxification strains, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum M2 shows both patulin binding and immune regulation in C. elegans.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Masoud Hamidi, Oseweuba Valentine Okoro, Giuseppe Ianiri, Hafez Jafari, Khodabakhsh Rashidi, Saeed Ghasemi, Raffaello Castoria, Davide Palmieri, Cedric Delattre, Guillaume Pierre, Mahta Mirzaei, Lei Nie, Hadi Samadian, Amin Shavandi
Summary: This study characterized and evaluated the biological properties of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by the yeast Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV. The EPS showed potential antibacterial activity and wound healing capacity, making it a promising material for skin wound healing.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cinzia Ingallina, Giacomo Di Matteo, Mattia Spano, Erica Acciaro, Enio Campiglia, Luisa Mannina, Anatoly Petrovich Sobolev
Summary: The recovery of bioactive compounds from crop byproducts is a promising approach for waste reutilization in the circular economy. This study characterized the metabolite profiles of globe artichoke and cauliflower byproducts using NMR-based metabolomics. Various beneficial compounds were identified, such as chiro-inositol and sesquiterpene lactones in globe artichoke byproducts, and S-methyl-L-cysteine S-oxide and glucosinolates in cauliflower byproducts. The findings can be applied in the formulation of plant biostimulants and food supplements.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Donatella Ambroselli, Fabrizio Masciulli, Enrico Romano, Giuseppina Catanzaro, Zein Mersini Besharat, Maria Chiara Massari, Elisabetta Ferretti, Silvia Migliaccio, Luana Izzo, Alberto Ritieni, Michela Grosso, Caterina Formichi, Francesco Dotta, Francesco Frigerio, Eleonora Barbiera, Anna Maria Giusti, Cinzia Ingallina, Luisa Mannina
Summary: The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has changed over time due to the difficulty in establishing universal criteria. MetS is associated with a pro-inflammatory state related to altered glucose metabolism, leading to increased cardiovascular risk. Complications of MetS include cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genetic factors, human microbiota, and diet play complex roles in the predisposition to MetS. This review summarizes the literature of the past decade on MetS, including its definition, pathophysiology, treatment approaches, prediction and diagnosis using advanced methodologies, and the role of specific foods in prevention and/or treatment.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alfonso Narvaez, Luana Izzo, Luigi Castaldo, Sonia Lombardi, Yelko Rodriguez-Carrasco, Alberto Ritieni
Summary: Breakfast cereals are highly susceptible to mycotoxin contamination, posing a concerning risk to human health, especially for children. This study aimed to monitor multiple mycotoxins in Italian breakfast cereal samples using advanced analytical techniques. The results revealed that 93% of the samples contained at least one mycotoxin, with beauvericin being the most prevalent toxin. Multiple mycotoxins were found to co-occur in 73% of the positive samples. These findings highlight the need for improved analytical methodologies to detect non-regulated mycotoxins that may go unnoticed with current methods.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Antonella Vitiello, Luana Izzo, Luigi Castaldo, Ivana d'Angelo, Francesca Ungaro, Agnese Miro, Alberto Ritieni, Fabiana Quaglia
Summary: Food supplements containing red yeast rice are commonly used to reduce lipid levels in the blood. The main active ingredient, monacolin K, is a natural compound with similar structure as lovastatin. In this study, the quality profile of red yeast rice supplements marketed in Italy was evaluated, and variations in dosage form uniformity and disintegration time were observed. The bioaccessibility of monacolin K and the contamination of citrinin were also investigated, with no contamination found. These findings suggest the need for greater attention to the quality and safety of marketed products.
Article
Plant Sciences
Aurora Cirillo, Giulia Graziani, Lucia De Luca, Marco Cepparulo, Alberto Ritieni, Raffaele Romano, Claudio Di Vaio
Summary: The effects of climate change on Mediterranean regions have led to increased drought periods and extreme temperatures. The use of anti-transpirant products, such as kaolin, has been found to reduce the damage caused by extreme environmental conditions on olive plants. This study evaluated the effect of kaolin on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of drupes and oil in a little-known olive cultivar. The results showed that kaolin treatments increased the oil content, anthocyanins, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and certain fatty acids in the drupes and oil of the olive cultivar.
Article
Horticulture
Aurora Cirillo, Lucia De Luca, Luana Izzo, Marco Cepparulo, Giulia Graziani, Alberto Ritieni, Raffaele Romano, Claudio Di Vaio
Summary: The Vesuvian apricot includes numerous varieties originating from the same production area and with a long tradition of cultivation. The presence of secondary metabolites, many of which act as antioxidants, makes apricot fruit and its derivatives important for human health. This study analyzed 12 Vesuvian apricot accessions using chemical-physical and nutraceutical analyses. The results showed a wide range of organoleptic characteristics in Vesuvian apricot accessions, providing options for consumers and processors.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Silvia Tagliamonte, Roberta Barone Lumaga, Francesca De Filippis, Vincenzo Valentino, Rosalia Ferracane, Mathilde Guerville, Ivana Gandolfi, Giovanni Barbara, Danilo Ercolini, Paola Vitaglione
Summary: Despite not being lactose intolerant, many healthy individuals experience gastrointestinal discomfort after consuming milk. This study aimed to explore the digestion of milk protein and related physiological responses in individuals reporting gastrointestinal discomfort. The findings revealed that these individuals had slower milk protein digestion, lower hormone responses, and higher serum DPPIV activity compared to individuals without gastrointestinal discomfort.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cosimo Taiti, Giacomo Di Matteo, Mattia Spano, Vittorio Vinciguerra, Elisa Masi, Luisa Mannina, Stefania Garzoli
Summary: In this study, a metabolomic approach was applied to explore the metabolome of dried hop leaves, revealing a wide range of chemical components including volatile organic compounds, terpenic compounds, fatty acids, sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and alcohols.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Giacomo Di Matteo, Alessandra Cimbalo, Lara Manyes, Luisa Mannina
Summary: G. lutea flower attenuates BEA cytotoxicity and reduces the presence of major oncoproteins through modulation of protein expression.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Giulio Testone, Michele Lamprillo, Maria Gonnella, Giuseppe Arnesi, Anatoly Petrovich Sobolev, Riccardo Aiese Cigliano, Donato Giannino
Summary: This study presents the chloroplast genome sequence, transcriptome expression, and functional annotation of smooth- and curly-leafed endives. The chloroplast genome exhibits high polymorphism and RNA editing characteristics. The expression of the chloroplast transcriptome shows stress- and cultivar-specific responses to extreme rainfall events.
Article
Plant Sciences
Maria Giordano, Michele Ciriello, Luigi Formisano, Christophe El-Nakhel, Antonio Pannico, Giulia Graziani, Alberto Ritieni, Marios C. Kyriacou, Youssef Rouphael, Stefania De Pascale
Summary: The success of space missions and colonization of extraterrestrial environments require ensuring adequate nutrition for astronauts and independence from terrestrial resources. Microgreens, such as tatsoi, coriander, green basil, and purple basil, can provide a balanced diet and improve the overall nutraceutical profile of astronaut meals. The addition of potassium iodide (KI) at different concentrations increased the level of iodine (I) in the microgreens, resulting in improved antioxidant activity and increased concentration of phenolic acids and flavonoids.
Article
Plant Sciences
Silvia Di Giacomo, Ester Percaccio, Annabella Vitalone, Cinzia Ingallina, Luisa Mannina, Alberto Macone, Antonella Di Sotto
Summary: Hemp bioproducts, with their diverse bioactive compounds and potential health benefits, show great promise for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. This study investigated the chemically characterized hydroalcoholic and organic extracts obtained from locally cultivated hemp varieties and found that they possess antimutagenic, radical scavenging, and cytotoxic properties. These findings suggest that bioactive compounds in hemp inflorescences could be harnessed for genoprotective and chemopreventive purposes.