Review
Immunology
Vivek P. Chavda, Rajashri Bezbaruah, Disha Valu, Bindra Patel, Anup Kumar, Sanjay Prasad, Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti, Ajeet Kaushik, Mariya Jesawadawala
Summary: The COVID-19 breakout had a devastating impact globally, resulting in millions of deaths and significant economic burdens. However, the determination of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence and global efforts to develop potential vaccines have provided a glimmer of hope. Adenoviral vector-based vaccines have shown promise due to their higher immune response, better manufacturing processes, safety, efficacy, and manageable storage procedures. As of April 2022, the WHO has approved three adenoviral vector-based vaccines, among a total of 10 vaccines approved worldwide for COVID-19.
Review
Immunology
Ahmed Elkashif, Marwa Alhashimi, Ekramy E. Sayedahmed, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Suresh K. Mittal
Summary: The development of new vaccine strategies is urgently needed to address the challenges posed by the emergence of new viruses due to global population growth and environmental changes. Adenovirus-based vaccine platforms offer a promising solution to meet the broad immune needs in pandemic situations.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Michiko Fukuda, Jutaro Nakamura, Saori Ito, Kenji Kawazoe, Yoshitaka Miyanaga, Takeshi Teshigawara, Kenji Okuda, Nobuhisa Mizuki, Masaru Shimada
Summary: By vaccinating mice with an Ad5 vector, an adaptive immune response was successfully induced to prevent Ad transduction in corneal and conjunctiva-associated tissues. Both cellular and humoral immunity play important roles in preventing Ad transduction.
Review
Virology
Marwa Alhashimi, Ahmed Elkashif, Ekramy E. Sayedahmed, Suresh K. Mittal
Summary: Nonhuman Ad vectors show great promise in vaccine delivery, with the ability to circumvent Ad vector immunity. These vectors have many advantages, including feasibility of different designs, robust immune responses, safety, and scalability.
Review
Microbiology
Carolyn Chu, Daniele Armenia, Charles Walworth, Maria M. Santoro, Robert W. Shafer
Summary: HIV-1 DNA exists in different forms in the body and its composition varies between patients with plasma viremia and those with prolonged virological suppression. Detecting drug-resistance mutations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is more useful using next-generation sequencing compared to plasma testing. However, there may be a time lag in detecting these mutations in PBMCs in patients with lower levels of virus replication.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Lucas J. Kerstetter, Stephen Buckley, Carly M. Bliss, Lynda Coughlan
Summary: The ongoing threat to global health posed by infectious diseases, which have the potential for spillover from animal reservoirs, has increased in frequency due to changes in human behavior. Influenza A viruses present a pandemic threat and are a major concern for human health, with challenges in vaccine development. Non-replicating adenoviral vectors offer advantages for vaccine development against highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, with exemplary safety and immunogenicity profiles.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xinyuan Li, Shan He, Jaya Thomas, Bonnie Wu, Tong-Yuan Yang, Michael Swanson
Summary: Cell and gene therapies show impressive efficacy in human diseases, but cellular immune response is a challenge for long-lasting clinical efficacy. This study investigates the impact of blood sample processing time on the measurement of antigen-specific cellular responses and successfully recovers ELISpot signals by optimizing processing parameters.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Rafael G. Ferreira, Neal F. Gordon, Rick Stock, Demetri Petrides
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development of various vaccines, with some successful ones based on the adenoviral vector platform. This study designed, simulated, and economically evaluated two baseline processes for producing COVID-19 adenoviral vector vaccines, and found that perfusion cell culture was more cost-effective and required less capital investment than batch cell culture. The results suggest that adenoviral vector vaccines can be practically mass-produced at low cost.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Byeongyeon Kim, In-Ho Seo, Gwang Myeong Seo, Woo-Joong Kim, Eui-Cheol Shin, Sungyoung Choi
Summary: The study introduces a blood divider (B-DV) as a centrifuge tube insert to prevent RBC contamination during PBMC harvest, simplifying the separation process and enabling rapid, easy PBMC isolation.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Meie Zhao, Chunxia Wang, Peiqiang Li, Tao Sun, Jing Wang, Shasha Zhang, Qinglong Ma, Fengdie Ma, Wenjing Shi, Maoning Shi, Yapeng Ma, Yunyan Pan, Hui Zhang, Xiaodong Xie
Summary: The emergence of a hepatitis B vaccine has been a milestone, but some vaccinated individuals do not generate an immune response and the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on PBMCs from responders and non-responders. The non-responder group showed decreased antigen-presenting activity, MAPK pathway activity in naive B cells, and T cell activity, while the cytotoxicity of CD3(high)CD16(low)KLRG1(high) NKT cells was increased. Furthermore, reduced expression of certain molecules and increased expression of cytotoxicity-related molecules were observed in non-responders. This study provides a molecular basis for the lack of response to the hepatitis B vaccine and highlights the role of NKT cells in the immune response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vera Vorstandlechner, Dragan Copic, Katharina Klas, Martin Direder, Bahar Golabi, Christine Radtke, Hendrik J. Ankersmit, Michael Mildner
Summary: This study demonstrates the anti-fibrotic effect of PBMCsec on cutaneous scars in both mouse and human experimental settings. PBMCsec regulates the expression of fibrosis-related genes, attenuates myofibroblast differentiation, and inhibits the breakdown of elastic fibers. These findings suggest that PBMCsec could be a novel therapeutic option for treating skin scarring.
Article
Immunology
Erika Petro-Turnquist, Matthew Pekarek, Nicholas Jeanjaquet, Cedric Wooledge, David Steffen, Hiep Vu, Eric A. Weaver
Summary: Current methods of vaccination against swine influenza A virus (IAV-S) in pigs are not frequently updated and have limited duration of protection. In this study, an adenoviral-vectored Epigraph vaccine was characterized for its onset and duration of adaptive immune responses, showing robust and durable antibody responses that remained above protective titers after six months of vaccination. Swine challenged with the virus six months after vaccination demonstrated significant protection and recall of antigen-specific T cell responses. These findings contribute to the development of a universal IAV-S vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Carly M. Bliss, Alec W. Freyn, Tom G. Caniels, Victor H. Leyva-Grado, Raffael Nachbagauer, Weina Sun, Gene S. Tan, Virginia L. Gillespie, Meagan McMahon, Florian Krammer, Adrian V. S. Hill, Peter Palese, Lynda Coughlan
Summary: Conventional influenza vaccines fail to provide broad protection against diverse influenza A viruses. However, this study presents a non-replicating adenoviral vaccine that can elicit broad and cross-reactive protection against multiple strains of influenza A in mice.
Article
Immunology
Aritania Sousa Santos, Edecio Cunha-Neto, Nelson Vinicius Gonfinetti, Fernanda Bernardi Bertonha, Pauline Brochet, Aurelie Bergon, Carlos Alberto Moreira-Filho, Christophe Chevillard, Maria Elizabeth Rossi da Silva
Summary: Our study investigated the global gene expression in PBMC of recent-onset T1D patients from a highly admixed Brazilian population, revealing 474 differentially expressed genes between groups. The most expressed genes in T1D patients favored host defense, inflammatory and cell cycle progression, while immune-regulatory pathways were downregulated. These findings suggest immune activation and differential genetic profiles in recent-onset T1D patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Wen-Chien Wang, Ekramy E. Sayedahmed, Suresh K. Mittal
Summary: An adenoviral-based vector system is a promising platform for vaccine development and gene therapy applications. However, high doses of the vector could lead to toxicity, and preexisting vector immunity in the body reduces the efficiency of the vector. Several strategies have been developed to overcome these challenges.
