Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marcus Fischer, Stefan Sterlepper, Stefan Pischinger, Joerg Seibel, Ulrich Kramer, Thomas Lorenz
Summary: The use of hydrogen direct injection in small passenger car engines allows for charge dilution and improved engine efficiency; however, challenges such as fast combustion and high adiabatic flame temperatures affect engine cooling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Review
Thermodynamics
Amin Paykani, Hamed Chehrmonavari, Athanasios Tsolakis, Terry Alger, William F. Northrop, Rolf D. Reitz
Summary: This paper provides an extensive review of the production and application of syngas in internal combustion engines. It covers the various methods of syngas production, its physicochemical properties, and its effects on performance and emissions in different types of engines. The review highlights the importance of production methods, choice of base fuel, combustion strategy, and engine operating conditions in determining the advantages of syngas use in internal combustion engines.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ponnya Hlaing, Manuel Echeverri Marquez, Emre Cenker, Hong G. Im, Bengt Johansson, James W. G. Turner
Summary: The pre-chamber combustion concept (PCC) shows potential for improving combustion stability and engine efficiency, and the throat area is a critical factor in determining its performance.
Review
Thermodynamics
Seyyed Hassan Hosseini, Athanasios Tsolakis, Avinash Alagumalai, Omid Mahian, Su Shiung Lam, Junting Pan, Wanxi Peng, Meisam Tabatabaei, Mortaza Aghbashlo
Summary: Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier that can be produced from renewable resources. It can be used in diesel engines with little modification and has the potential to improve performance and reduce emissions. However, there are challenges such as knocking combustion and higher nitrogen oxide emissions. This paper comprehensively reviews the effects of hydrogen on dual-fuel diesel engines and discusses opportunities and limitations. Suggestions for improving hydrogen-fueled diesel engines include reformulating pilot fuel, blending hydrogen with other fuels, adjusting engine parameters, and using exhaust gas catalysts.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Thermodynamics
James P. Szybist, Stephen Busch, Robert L. McCormick, Josh A. Pihl, Derek A. Splitter, Matthew A. Ratcliff, Christopher P. Kolodziej, John M. E. Storey, Melanie Moses-DeBusk, David Vuilleumier, Magnus Sjoberg, C. Scott Sluder, Toby Rockstroh, Paul Miles
Summary: The Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Co-Optima) initiative aims to maximize energy efficiency and renewable fuel utilization by developing fuels and engines together. The Central Fuel Property Hypothesis (CFPH) is used to assess the potential benefits of candidate fuels regardless of their chemical composition. A thermodynamic-based assessment quantifies how six individual fuel properties can affect efficiency in spark-ignition (SI) engines, leading to a unified merit function for assessing the fuel property-based efficiency potential of fuels with conventional and unconventional compositions.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kemal Masera, Abul K. Hossain
Summary: The study introduces a new design combining SCR and SNCR systems for low power density diesel engines to reduce NOx emissions. Injection of distilled water and urea-water solution can effectively decrease CO and NO emissions from both fossil diesel and biodiesels.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natalia Duarte, Donovan Arango, Geanette Polanco, Guillermo Valencia, Jorge Duarte-Forero
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of dual-fuel operation on emissions and fuel consumption of a low-displacement compression-ignition engine. The results show that hydrogen enrichment can reduce fuel consumption and emissions of CO, HC, and CO2, but increase NOx emissions at medium and high loads.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jose Galindo, Hector Climent, Joaquin de la Morena, Rafael Pitarch, Stephane Guilain, Thomas Besancon
Summary: The text discusses various technologies such as variable valve actuation and exhaust gas recirculation to improve the efficiency of spark-ignition engines. The study shows that increasing the proportion of internal residuals can enhance combustion timing and reduce unburned hydrocarbon emissions, while the increase in external residuals has a greater impact on gaseous emissions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rui Moreira, Fernando Bimbela, Luis M. Gandia, Abel Ferreira, Jose Luis Sanchez, Antonio Portugal
Summary: The state-of-the-art on the catalytic oxidative steam reforming of glycerol to produce syngas shows advantages in robustness, low deactivation, and high syngas production, but challenges such as scaling-up, lack of kinetic and mechanistic studies, and development of new catalyst formulations still need to be addressed for further advancements in larger scales.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jose Galindo, Roberto Navarro, Joaquin De la Morena, Rafael Pitarch, Stephane Guilain
Summary: The impact of water condensation in low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation systems on the operation of modern spark-ignition engines is not well studied. This research found that condensation can cause combustion instability, leading to increased fuel consumption and unburned hydrocarbon emissions.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yuhan Huang, Nic C. Surawski, Yuan Zhuang, John L. Zhou, Guang Hong
Summary: Dual injection engines, using renewable fuels such as ethanol, methanol and hydrogen, have advantages including greater control flexibility, knock mitigation, engine downsizing, extended lean-burn limits, higher thermal efficiency and reductions of several emission species. Each renewable fuel targets different advantages of dual injection, with alcohol-gasoline dual injection providing anti-knock ability and hydrogen-gasoline dual injection extending lean-burn limits. Dual injection generally demonstrates higher thermal efficiency than single injection and effectively reduces particulate emissions.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Reza Sedghi, Hossein Shahbeik, Hajar Rastegari, Shahin Rafiee, Wanxi Peng, Abdul-Sattar Nizami, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Wei-Hsin Chen, Su Shiung Lam, Junting Pan, Meisam Tabatabaei, Mortaza Aghbashlo
Summary: The boom of the biodiesel industry has led to increased global glycerol production, but a large portion of glycerol is recklessly discharged into the environment, overshadowing the environmental benefits of biodiesel fuel. By converting glycerol into fuels or additives, the energy content of glycerol can be effectively recovered while reducing harmful exhaust emissions from combustion engines. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advances in using glycerol and its derivatives to improve the operation of internal combustion engines. Different pathways for converting glycerol into oxygenated fuel additives are introduced, and the effects of glycerol and its derivatives on engine behavior are comprehensively summarized and mechanistically discussed. The pros and cons of using glycerol and its derivatives in diesel/gasoline fuel formulations are examined to highlight important future research directions in this field.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Carlo Caligiuri, Urban Zvar Baskovic, Massimiliano Renzi, Tine Seljak, Samuel Rodman Opresnik, Marco Baratieri, Tomaz Katrasnik
Summary: The study found that the impact of different fuel mixtures on BTE is negligible compared to the influence of spark advance variation on BTE in spark ignition engines using natural gas and syngas. Power derating has been proven to be a limiting factor, becoming more significant with increasing SES. Increasing SES results in higher CO and CO2 emissions, while NOx and THC emissions decrease.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Antonio Mariani, Mario Minale, Andrea Unich
Summary: The study focused on utilizing biogas with hydrogen in a CAI engine to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions, with results showing a significant reduction compared to conventional biogas. The research utilized numerical simulations to analyze the combustion characteristics and effects of different hydrogen contents in the biogas.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhen Xu, Ming Jia, Xudong Miao, Huiquan Duan, Shanglin Xu, Liming Du
Summary: A single-fuel dimethyl ether reactivity-controlled compression ignition engine system with on-board reforming was studied. Computational investigations were conducted to analyze the reforming process and the engine performance. The results showed that earlier exhaust valve opening timing and more reformer units were beneficial for reforming and energy recovery. The introduction of the reforming system improved the system thermal efficiency by 0.52% to 1.44%.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)