Article
Virology
Igor V. Babkin, Irina N. Babkina, Nina V. Tikunova
Summary: The molecular evolution of orthopoxviruses was analyzed based on data from ancient VARV DNA and DNA of new orthopoxvirus species, estimating their emergence times. It was found that orthopoxviruses of the Old and New Worlds separated around 40,000 years ago, and recently discovered virus species separated around 10,000-20,000 years ago.
Article
Microbiology
Aline R. V. Souza, Annika Brinkmann, Jose Esparza, Andreas Nitsche, Clarissa R. Damaso, Rino Rappuoli
Summary: This study investigates the gene content and genomic structure of historical smallpox vaccines used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The findings reveal differences between these vaccines, contemporary vaccinia viruses, and horsepox viruses. The study suggests the coexistence of different horsepox-based vaccines and potentially unsampled progenitors of modern vaccinia virus. This research contributes to our understanding of the origins of contemporary vaccinia viruses and the evolution of smallpox vaccines.
Article
Microbiology
Diego Forni, Rachele Cagliani, Uberto Pozzoli, Manuela Sironi
Summary: The ongoing monkeypox outbreak is caused by viral lineages related to but distinct from Nigerian MPXV viruses. APOBEC-mediated editing might be responsible for the high number of mutations observed in hMPXV1 genomes. Mutation analysis revealed a prevalence of C-to-T and G-to-A mutations, consistent with the preferences of human APOBEC3 enzymes. The impact of APOBEC3 enzymes on the evolution of different orthopoxviruses was also demonstrated.
Article
Virology
Ofir Israeli, Yehoudit Guedj-Dana, Ohad Shifman, Shirley Lazar, Inbar Cohen-Gihon, Sharon Amit, Ronen Ben-Ami, Nir Paran, Ofir Schuster, Shay Weiss, Anat Zvi, Adi Beth-Din
Summary: The study aimed to provide a rapid genetic-based diagnostic tool for accurate identification of monkeypox virus (MPXV) and related pathogens. The researchers developed a method called rapid amplicon nanopore sequencing (RANS) to quickly identify different pathogens. Using this method, they successfully diagnosed MPXV and other vesicle-forming viruses.
Article
Virology
Diana Diaz-Canova, Carla Mavian, Annika Brinkmann, Andreas Nitsche, Ugo Moens, Malachy Ifeanyi Okeke
Summary: Cowpox virus is a self-limiting zoonotic infection associated with exposure to infected animals. A study in the Fennoscandian region revealed that cowpox virus consists of multiple species rather than a single species.
Review
Virology
Galina A. Shchelkunova, Sergei N. Shchelkunov
Summary: After the global eradication of smallpox in 1980, the discontinuation of smallpox vaccination led to the loss of immunity against other zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections. An increasing number of human infections with orthopoxviruses, particularly monkeypox, raise concerns about the re-emergence of smallpox or similar diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomas Flouri, Jun Huang, Xiyun Jiao, Paschalia Kapli, Bruce Rannala, Ziheng Yang
Summary: The multispecies coalescent model provides a natural framework for phylogenetic analysis of genomic data, allowing estimation of species divergence times and ancestral population sizes. Clock violation should be considered, and the relaxed-clock models can extract valuable phylogenetic information from gene-tree branch lengths.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Review
Virology
Daniele Focosi, Federica Novazzi, Andreina Baj, Fabrizio Maggi
Summary: Monkeypox virus has caused human monkeypox in the tropical rainforests of Africa for decades, but recent sustained outbreaks have occurred across multiple continents, mostly in males having sex with males.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kirk Chan-Tack, Patrick Harrington, Timothy Bensman, Su-Young Choi, Eric Donaldson, Julian O'Rear, David McMillan, Laine Myers, Mark Seaton, Hanan Ghantous, Yu Cao, Thamban Valappil, Debra Birnkrant, Kimberly Struble
Summary: This article summarizes the regulatory pathway for FDA approval of brincidofovir as the second antiviral approved via the MCMi to combat smallpox, highlighting the unique regulatory approach based on the FDA Animal Rule and the collaborative efforts of academic investigators, the pharmaceutical industry and government agencies in the development process.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xavier Didelot, Igor Siveroni, Erik M. Volz
Summary: Phylogenetic dating is a powerful method for drawing epidemiological interpretations from pathogen genomic data. However, commonly used relaxed clock models may not be compatible with biological expectations, leading to estimates with low precision and biased confidence intervals. A new additive relaxed clock model has been proposed to address this issue, providing more accurate estimates of evolutionary rates and ancestral dates.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeffrey L. Americo, Patricia L. Earl, Bernard Moss
Summary: Monkeypox, a disease similar to smallpox, has become endemic in Africa with limited human-to-human transmission. However, in 2022, the disease spread globally, driven by human-to-human transmission outside of Africa. It is still unclear whether this is due to behavioral factors or the virus adapting to a new host. Genome sequencing revealed differences between the current outbreak strain (clade IIb) and previous strains (clade IIa and clade I), but the impact of these differences on virulence or transmission is yet to be determined. Using a mouse model, researchers found that the clade I virus was more virulent than the clade IIa and IIb.1 strains, suggesting that clade IIb may be evolving diminished virulence or adapting to other species.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Virology
Lulan Wang, Jingzhe Shang, Shenghui Weng, Saba R. Aliyari, Chengyang Ji, Genhong Cheng, Aiping Wu
Summary: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has been circulating in West and Central Africa. Recent outbreaks in nonendemic countries were analyzed, revealing that the MPXV-2022 strains belong to the same lineage as the 2018 strain with several new mutations. Some specific proteins were found to be more prone to mutation in the MPXV genome. This study provides insights into the ongoing MPXV outbreak and identifies novel mutations for further research.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ali Sepehrinezhad, Rezan Ashayeri Ahmadabad, Sajad Sahab-Negah
Summary: The number of monkeypox cases is rapidly increasing worldwide. Despite efforts to manage the initial symptoms, such as skin lesions and flu-like symptoms, the effects of the monkeypox virus on multiple organs remain unclear. Recent findings show neurological symptoms in patients and experimental studies suggest that the virus can invade the central nervous system through neuroinvasive mechanisms. This highlights the importance of understanding the neuroinvasive potential and neurological manifestations of MPXV.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yanmeng Feng, Yifan Zhang, Shengya Liu, Meng Guo, Haojie Huang, Cuiyuan Guo, Wanhai Wang, Wenhong Zhang, Heng Tang, Yanmin Wan
Summary: This study compared the antibody responses against monkeypox virus (MPXV) and vaccinia virus in cohorts of gay men and the general adult population. It found that individuals born in/after 1981 in the gay men cohort had lower antibody responses against MPXV but higher neutralizing antibody responses against vaccinia compared to the general population. These findings provide insights into the impact of preexisting antibodies on MPXV transmission in the MSM community.
Review
Microbiology
Fenghao Peng, Naijing Hu, Yingjun Liu, Cong Xing, Longlong Luo, Xinying Li, Jing Wang, Guojiang Chen, He Xiao, Chenghua Liu, Beifen Shen, Jiannan Feng, Chunxia Qiao
Summary: Smallpox is an infectious disease caused by the variola virus, with a high mortality rate. Although smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980, the potential threat of bioterrorism has led to resumed research on the treatment and prevention of smallpox.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Mikhail V. Fofanov, Vera V. Morozova, Yuliya N. Kozlova, Artem Yu. Tikunov, Igor V. Babkin, Yuliya E. Poletaeva, Elena I. Ryabchikova, Nina V. Tikunova
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2019)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Vera Rar, Natalia Livanova, Yuliya Sabitova, Yana Igolkina, Sergey Tkachev, Artem Tikunov, Igor Babkin, Irina Golovljova, Victor Panov, Nina Tikunova
TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
V Morozova, O. Bokovaya, Yu Kozlova, A. Kurilshikov, I Babkin, A. Tupikin, A. Bondar, E. Ryabchikova, A. Brayanskaya, S. Peltek, N. Tikunova
Article
Infectious Diseases
Vera Rar, Valeriy Yakimenko, Artem Tikunov, Natalia Vinarskaya, Aleksey Tancev, Igor Babkin, Tamara Epikhina, Nina Tikunova
TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Infectious Diseases
S. E. Tkachev, I. V. Babkin, G. S. Chicherina, I. V. Kozlova, M. M. Verkhozina, T. V. Demina, O. V. Lisak, E. K. Doroshchenko, Yu. P. Dzhioev, O. V. Suntsova, P. S. Belokopytova, A. Yu. Tikunov, Yu. S. Savinova, A. I. Paramonov, V. V. Glupov, V. I. Zlobin, N. V. Tikunova
TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Virology
Vera Morozova, Igor Babkin, Yuliya Kozlova, Ivan Baykov, Olga Bokovaya, Artem Tikunov, Tatyana Ushakova, Alevtina Bardasheva, Elena Ryabchikova, Ekaterina Zelentsova, Nina Tikunova
Article
Virology
Vera Morozova, Mikhail Fofanov, Nina Tikunova, Igor Babkin, Vitaliy V. Morozov, Artem Tikunov
Article
Infectious Diseases
E. Zhirakovskaia, A. Tikunov, I Babkin, N. Tikunova
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2020)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Eline Boel, Robin Koekoekx, Sien Dedroog, Iurii Babkin, Maria Rosaria Vetrano, Christian Clasen, Guy Van den Mooter
Article
Virology
Vera Morozova, Ghadeer Jdeed, Yuliya Kozlova, Igor Babkin, Artem Tikunov, Nina Tikunova
Summary: A novel Enterobacter cloacae phage, EC151, has been isolated and characterized, showing a siphovirus-like virion morphology. The EC151 genome is 60,753 bp in size, containing 58 putative genes, with limited similarity to other phage genomes in the NCBI GenBank database. Comparative proteomic phylogenetic analysis places EC151 in a distinct branch within a group of sequences sharing clades with Seuratvirus, Nonagvirus, and Vidquintavirus genera.
Article
Virology
Igor V. Babkin, Irina N. Babkina, Nina V. Tikunova
Summary: The molecular evolution of orthopoxviruses was analyzed based on data from ancient VARV DNA and DNA of new orthopoxvirus species, estimating their emergence times. It was found that orthopoxviruses of the Old and New Worlds separated around 40,000 years ago, and recently discovered virus species separated around 10,000-20,000 years ago.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
A. Y. Tikunov, A. N. Shvalov, V. V. Morozov, I. Babkin, G. Seledtsova, I. O. Voloshina, I. P. Ivanova, A. Bardasheva, V. V. Morozova, V. V. Vlasov, N. Tikunova
Summary: The study compared the biodiversity of the gut microbiota in patients with IBS, UC, and BA with that of healthy volunteers. Dysbiosis was found in patient samples, with a decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in IBS and UC samples, and an increase in Proteobacteria sequences in all patient samples.
VAVILOVSKII ZHURNAL GENETIKI I SELEKTSII
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
A. Bardasheva, N. Fomenko, T. Kalymbetova, I. Babkin, S. O. Chretien, E. Zhirakovskaya, N. Tikunova, V. V. Morozova
Summary: A study analyzed 72 clinical strains of Klebsiella spp. isolated from humans in Novosibirsk, Russia and found Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were dominant, with a high percentage of virulent K1- and K2-serotypes. The study also revealed that K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients exhibited higher antibiotic resistance, especially to beta-lactams and carbapenems, and contained genetic determinants for resistance such as bla(CTX) and bla(OXA-48) genes.
VAVILOVSKII ZHURNAL GENETIKI I SELEKTSII
(2021)
Article
Optics
I. S. Andreeva, A. S. Safatov, V. V. Morozova, N. V. Tikunova, E. K. Emelyanova, N. A. Solovyanova, I. V. Babkin, G. A. Buryak, L. I. Puchkova
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC OPTICS
(2020)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
I. K. Baykov, L. A. Emelyanova, L. M. Sokolova, E. M. Karelina, A. L. Matveev, I. Babkin, Ya A. Khlusevich, V. F. Podgornyy, N. Tikunova
VAVILOVSKII ZHURNAL GENETIKI I SELEKTSII
(2018)