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The potential role of dendritic cells in the therapy of Type 1 diabetes

Journal

IMMUNOTHERAPY
Volume 5, Issue 6, Pages 591-606

Publisher

FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/IMT.13.48

Keywords

autoimmunity; dendritic cells; immunotherapy; tolerance; Type 1 diabetes

Categories

Funding

  1. Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
  2. Australian National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
  3. Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Support
  4. Australian Government NHMRC IRIIS
  5. Melbourne International Research Scholarships
  6. Melbourne International Fee Remission Scholarship from The University of Melbourne
  7. Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the result of T-cell mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet beta-cells. The two current treatments for T1D are based on insulin or islet-cell replacement rather than the pathogenesis of T1D and remain problematic. Islet/pancreas transplantation does not cater for the majority of sufferers due to the lack of supply of organs and the need for continuous immunosuppression regimens. The mainstay treatment is insulin replacement, but this is disruptive to lifestyle and does not protect against severe long-term complications. An early vaccination and long-term restoration of immune tolerance to self-antigens in T1D patients (reversing the immunopathogenesis of the disease) would be preferable. Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent APCs and play an important role in inducing and maintaining immune tolerance. Targeting DCs through different DC surface molecules shows effective modulation of immune responses. Their feasibility for immunotherapy to prolong transplant survival and cancer immunotherapy has been demonstrated. Therefore, DCs could potentially be used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes new insights into DCs as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of T1D.

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