Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ekaterina Govorkova, Ema Puljak, Thea Aarrestad, Thomas James, Vladimir Loncar, Maurizio Pierini, Adrian Alan Pol, Nicolo Ghielmetti, Maksymilian Graczyk, Sioni Summers, Jennifer Ngadiuba, Thong Q. Nguyen, Javier Duarte, Zhenbin Wu
Summary: The Large Hadron Collider generates a large number of collision events that need to be filtered in real-time. This paper demonstrates the deployment of unsupervised deep learning algorithms in a real-time event selection system to search for new physics signatures. The first-stage filter, implemented on custom electronics, significantly enhances the signal-over-background ratio.
NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Man Zhang, Imen Bahri, Xavier Mininger, Cristina Vlad, Honqin Xie, Eric Berthelot, Weihao Hu
Summary: This article presents a hardware/software implementation for vibration reduction control of a switched reluctance machine, utilizing a mixed partitioning-based architecture to make full use of microprocessor and FPGA resources. By directly controlling radial forces in the stator teeth, this proposed controller achieves significant vibration reduction compared to regular controllers. Speed control is executed using a microprocessor, while current control and direct force control are implemented in FPGA for high dynamic response, as confirmed by experimental results.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
V. Mugundhan, Maheswar Swar, Subhajit Bhar, Saptarishi Chaudhuri
Summary: The article introduces a low-cost software-defined digital receiver system for temporal correlation measurements in atomic spin ensembles. By utilizing a fast Fourier transform spectrometer, the system can improve signal-to-noise ratio and conduct high-resolution magnetometry in a short period of time.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Elyas Zamiri, Alberto Sanchez, Marina Yushkova, Maria Sofia Martinez-Garcia, Angel de Castro
Summary: This study compares different design alternatives of hardware-in-the-loop systems for power converters emulation in FPGAs, including numerical formats and design methods. The comparison shows that the optimal design alternative should be chosen based on the application and constraints of designers.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Daniele Scire, Giuseppe Lullo, Gianpaolo Vitale
Summary: This paper compares two analytical models of non-linear power inductors proposed in the literature. Performance is compared in terms of computation time and accuracy, highlighting the pros and cons of each model.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Amir Hossein Hadi Hosseinabadi, David Gregory Black, Septimiu E. Salcudean
Summary: The article introduces a novel hardware and software architecture for a smart optical force-torque sensor. The use of configurable, modular, and compact electronics leads to unparalleled performance characteristics, such as ultra-low noise and high resolution. Performance is achieved through oversampling of optical transducers and parallel hardware processing using FPGA, with additional features like an inertial measurement unit and temperature sensor integrated for improved compensation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shibendra Narayan Sinha, Shouri Chatterjee, Rakesh Kumar Palani
Summary: This paper presents a 2 GHz 16-bit direct digital synthesizer (DDS) implemented on Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA. The proposed technique uses a lookup-table based DDS implemented with multiplexers in a tree structure. The DDS can operate at a high clock frequency and has no truncation error. It can also generate two tones with a frequency resolution of 1/1024 times the clock frequency, and the tones can be backed off in a step of approximately one dB without performing any real multiplication, thereby increasing the throughput.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Van Hiep Cao, Tien Hung Dinh, Thi Thoa Nguyen, Khanh Hung Nguyen, Dinh Khang Pham, Xuan Hai Nguyen, Ngoc Anh Nguyen, Tien-Anh Nguyen
Summary: This study introduces a flexible, low-cost digital multichannel analyzer (DMCA) based on FPGA, with various digital signal processing modules integrated for developing handheld radiation measurement devices.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ziho Shin, Myeong-Hoon Oh
Summary: Low-power and fault-tolerant features are crucial for edge devices. This study proposes asynchronous circuit design techniques for FPGA, which overcomes drawbacks in conventional synchronous circuit designs. Experimental results show that the asynchronous MSP430 has lower power consumption, better fault tolerance, and less electromagnetic noise compared to the synchronous MSP430.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Nand Kishor, Rupal H. Singh, Soumya R. Mohanty, Omkar Yadav
Summary: This study introduces the use of energy preserving ensemble empirical mode decomposition technique to detect evolving disturbances that occur in succession and classify them using least square support vector machine. The real-time implementation of techniques in field programmable gate array blocks for detection and classification of evolving disturbances is demonstrated. Comparison with existing techniques is also included in the discussion section.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. H. Elkholy, Mahmoud Elymany, Hamid Metwally, M. A. Farahat, Tomonobu Senjyu, Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy
Summary: This paper investigates the potential impact of a real-time energy management system for hybrid renewable energy systems on reducing energy losses and improving reliability. By implementing hardware prototypes and utilizing FPGA boards for smart EMS, the results demonstrate high dynamic response speed and applicability of FPGA in energy management.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Rodrigo Ribeiro de Oliveira, Felipe Augusto Souza Guimaraes, Mateus Martinez de Lucena, Lucas Carvalho Cordeiro, Eddie Batista de Lima Filho, Vicente Ferreira de Lucena
Summary: This paper introduces a new hardware reconfiguration approach, HARD, which updates FPGA hardware modules based on digital TV signals. The method involves identifying, acquiring, decoding, and using synthesized hardware cores signaled through open DTV signals. Experimental results confirm the feasibility and efficiency of this approach.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Zbigniew Hajduk
Summary: This paper presents the architecture and FPGA implementation of a 32-bit CPU dedicated to PLCs, which directly matches the instructions of the IL language. The IL processor is capable of handling different data types and performing floating-point operations, while also facilitating the fast execution of code containing Boolean expressions. Although the IL processor outperforms industrial PLCs, it is slower compared to high-performance PACs.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Florian Hubert, Philipp Dorsch, Daniel Kuebrich, Thomas Duerbaum, Stefan J. Rupitsch
Summary: The novel electromagnetic interference suppression method based on the piezoelectric effect utilizes PISC to provide a low-impedance propagation path at its resonance frequency for attenuation of discrete disturbance peaks in switch-mode power supplies. PISC not only serves as a substitute for regular capacitors but also offers selective attenuation at specific frequencies, potentially reducing the size, weight, and cost of SMPSs.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
A. Valero
Summary: TileCal is the central hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment, consisting of scintillating tiles embedded in steel absorber plates. The read-out driver (ROD) is a crucial element in the back-end electronics, acting as the interface between the front-end electronics and the ATLAS data acquisition system.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Elyas Zamiri, Alberto Sanchez, Maria Sofia Martinez-Garcia, Angel de Castro
Summary: Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) systems are crucial for debugging controllers in closed-loop operation, with the frequency response of the emulated subsystem being of special importance. Undesirable oscillations can appear due to digitally sampling switch control signals in power converter HIL models, leading to confusion in closed-loop operation. Moreover, the loss of information when HIL models read PWM signals can result in output offset error or steady-state fluctuations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Leonel Estrada, Joaquin Vaquero, Alba Rodriguez-Lorente, Jaime Arau, Angel de Castro, Alberto Sanchez, Nimrod Vazquez
Summary: This paper presents an asynchronous and decoupled Hardware-In-the-Loop simulation of a DC nanogrid. The proposal achieves different integration times for each element, improving simulation efficiency without compromising result accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Elyas Zamiri, Alberto Sanchez, Maria Sofia Martinez-Garcia, Angel de Castro
Summary: This paper proposes an Integration Oversampling Method (IOM) that manages the extra information obtained through oversampling with minimal impact on the complexity of the models. By adding a small hardware block in the input of the gate signals, this method generates a set of switch states in every simulation step to minimize the error in the input reading. Experimental results show that using IOM significantly enhances performance in both transient and steady-state operation, with negligible additional hardware resources required.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Raquel Martinez, Alberto Arroyo, Alberto Pigazo, Mario Manana, Eduardo Bayona, Francisco J. J. Azcondo, Sergio Bustamante, Alberto Laso
Summary: Power-quality events and operation transients in power systems with isolated neutral can cause ferroresonance events, which can damage transformers and switchgears within the affected power system. Detecting and responding to these events accurately and quickly is crucial for minimizing the damage. Indirect detection methods using acoustic noise caused by magnetostriction forces within the inductive voltage transformers are proposed as a cost-effective alternative to current methods.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Paula Lamo, Gustavo A. A. Ruiz, Francisco J. J. Azcondo, Alberto Pigazo, Christian Branas
Summary: This work evaluates the impact of input voltage noise on a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) system used for power converter emulation. A low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can decrease the accuracy and precision of the model, and may render certain techniques for building mathematical models impractical. A case study is presented on the noise effects of a digitally controlled totem-pole converter emulated with a low-cost HIL system using an FPGA. The paper evaluates the effects on model outputs, as well as the cost and influence of different hardware implementations. The noise of the input signals can limit the benefits of increasing the model resolution.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Marina Yushkova, Alberto Sanchez, Angel de Castro
Summary: Real-time hardware-in-the-loop implementations for power converters involve digital sampling of the on-off signals that are applied to the switches. This article proposes two oversampling approaches: a sequential one and a parallel implementation. The results show a significant increase in accuracy for both oversampling approaches, with a decrease in subharmonics up to 99% in the final experimental results.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Franklin Salazar, Maria Sofia Martinez-Garcia, Angel de Castro, Carla Chavez-Fuentes, Maria Cazorla, Jeanette del Pilar Urena-Aguirre, Santiago Altamirano
Summary: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted inventory management is a common practice in large enterprises with warehouses and manufacturing systems. UAVs are generally used in high-risk tasks to quickly perform activities, such as inventory management in a smart city environment. Compared to conventional systems, UAVs have advantages such as their own cameras and independent movement within the warehouse.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Roberto Saralegui, Alberto Sanchez, Angel de Castro
Summary: Hardware-in-the-loop testing is an integral part of control system design. Efficient models can be created in a Hardware Description Language (HDL) implemented in an FPGA. Control engineers usually prefer higher-level approaches, but automatically derived HDL models may have lower performance compared to manually coded ones. This study proposes a design workflow to achieve manual-like performance with automatic tools, validating the approach with a detailed comparison and implementation on an off-the-shelf FPGA board.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Mariano Alberto Garcia-Vellisca, Carlos Quiterio Gomez Munoz, Maria Sofia Martinez-Garcia, Angel de Castro
Summary: Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) is a common technique used for testing in power electronics, utilizing FPGAs for real-time simulation at mid-high switching frequencies. FPGA area and delay are crucial for achieving a balance between performance and accuracy, with signal word length (WL) playing a critical role in minimizing area and delay. This research proposes an automatic method that computes the signal WLs in the model by considering input/output boundary conditions, accelerating the process and demonstrating superiority over manual and multiple simulation methods. The feasibility of the proposed method is exemplified by applying it to a fixed-point coded buck converter model.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Christian Branas, Francisco J. Azcondo, Alberto Pigazo, Rosario Casanueva, Francisco J. Diaz, Paula Lamo
Summary: In this study, the design and modeling of a self-balanced two-output battery charger capable of charging two high-power LiFePO4 battery packs simultaneously is presented. The proposed charger is based on a four-phase resonant converter designed as a voltage-controlled current source operating at a constant switching frequency. The output stage consists of a transformer with a single primary and two secondaries implementing two current-doubler rectifiers. By considering the coupling between the primary and each secondary, the charger naturally achieves self-balance-of-charge for both battery packs. The theoretical analysis and design procedure are thoroughly explained, and the charger's output current capability and efficiency are experimentally validated using a 50 Ah 48 V commercial battery pack.
2023 IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, APEC
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Automation & Control Systems
Francisco J. Azcondo, Alberto Pigazo, Paula Lamo, Christian Branas
Summary: This study proposes a new modeling approach for designing a simple and accurate LTI model of 1 phi GFL/GFM power converters, suitable for stability studies and applicable in any application with PLL synchronization.
2022 IEEE 23RD WORKSHOP ON CONTROL AND MODELING FOR POWER ELECTRONICS (COMPEL 2022)
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Unai Atutxa, Igor Baraia-Etxaburu, Victor Manuel Lopez, Fernando Gonzalez-Hernando, Alejandro Rujas
Summary: This work presents the implementation of an active rectifier modular architecture for aircraft applications. Three innovative modular architectures are proposed and designed, and a comparison framework is used to find the most suitable architecture. The two-stage configuration architecture is a good solution in terms of semiconductor life expectancy and low volume, while the single-stage with STATCOM configuration is an excellent trade-off between low volume, redundancy, and cost-effectiveness.
