Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Boris Straumal, Igor Konyashin
Summary: Cemented carbides, consisting of hard WC grains embedded in a cobalt-based binder, are important engineering materials. The substitution of cobalt with multicomponent alloys known as high entropy alloys (HEAs) can enhance the properties of cemented carbides, such as hardness, toughness, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance. The phase transformations in the binder caused by the substitution can be utilized to intentionally modify the properties of cemented carbides. Therefore, the substitution of cobalt binder with HEAs shows great promise for the further development of cemented carbides.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Erik Fransson, Martin Gren, Goran Wahnstrom
Summary: WC-Co cemented carbides are widely used in metal machining and wear resistant tools due to their excellent hardness and toughness. Controlling the WC grain size is crucial for the mechanical properties of the material. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest the stabilization of thin cubic WC films at liquid phase sintering temperatures under W-rich conditions, providing an explanation for the observed differences in growth rates and grain morphologies in W-rich and C-rich cemented carbides.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mathilde Labonne, Jean-Michel Missiaen, Sabine Lay
Summary: A simple model is proposed to analyze the effect of grain boundaries on grain growth in a system of solid particles in equilibrium with a liquid. The model combines existing models to consider grain boundary migration alongside dissolution-precipitation in the liquid. Experimental study shows that phase boundary and grain boundary migration are competitive in certain systems and a transition from a control by grain boundaries to a control by diffusion in the liquid is observed as grain growth proceeds.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Boris Straumal, Tatiana Lepkova, Anna Korneva, Gregory Gerstein, Olga Kogtenkova, Alena Gornakova
Summary: Grain boundaries (GBs) can be wetted by a second phase, which can be either liquid or solid. Wetting can be incomplete or complete, forming droplets or precipitates with a non-zero contact angle, or continuous layers that separate matrix grains. GB wetting by a second solid phase differs from wetting by a melt phase and shows temperature-dependent contact angle changes. GB triple junctions are more easily wetted than GBs. This phenomenon has been observed in various alloys and can significantly affect material properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Lay
Summary: Geometrical calculations were used to evaluate the resistance of WC grain boundaries in WC-Co cemented carbides to transfer plastic deformation. It was found that E = 2 and E = 4 grain boundaries are more resistant to dislocation propagation compared to other grain boundaries, which could be controlled to tune the material properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Rengui He, Qiumin Yang, Bin Li, Jia Lou, Hailin Yang, Jianming Ruan
Summary: The study reveals that adjusting the WC grain size distribution by adding ultrafine WC and coarse WC can significantly impact the grain growth morphology of cemented carbides. Hardness and fracture toughness tests demonstrate that alloys containing 6 wt% ultrafine WC exhibit the best mechanical properties.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Armin Salmasi, Imran Hanif, Torbjorn Jonsson, Henrik Larsson
Summary: Liquid phase migration (LPM) and its potential impact on cobalt capping in cemented carbides were investigated through experiments and simulations. A model for LPM was developed and integrated with Thermo-Calc software to predict the final microstructure. The model's predictions somewhat matched experimental observations, especially in cases with grain size and binder phase volume fraction gradients. It was also observed that LPM can cause a phenomenon resembling cobalt capping due to gradients in carbon activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Boris B. Straumal, Anna Korneva, Gabriel A. Lopez, Alexei Kuzmin, Eugen Rabkin, Gregory Gerstein, Alexander B. Straumal, Alena S. Gornakova
Summary: The review analyzed the phenomenon of grain boundary wetting by the second solid phase in high entropy alloys (HEAs). It discussed how the wetting can be incomplete or complete, and how it can be observed in HEAs produced by various technologies. Using grain boundary engineering methods, the wetting by the second solid phase can be employed to improve the properties of HEAs.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Olivier Lavigne, Vladimir Luzin, Mathilde Labonne, Jean-Michel Missiaen
Summary: This study characterized the thermal stresses in NbC-Ni materials using neutron diffraction and found that the residual stresses decrease with increasing binder content and carbide grain size. The stresses in NbC-Ni materials are higher than those in WC-Co or WC-Ni composites, which can be attributed to the different strain/stress distributions caused by the different shapes of carbide particles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Crystallography
Boris Straumal, Eugen Rabkin, Gabriel A. Lopez, Anna Korneva, Alexei Kuzmin, Alena Gornakova, Alexander Straumal, Brigitte Baretzky
Summary: This review analyzes the phenomenon of grain boundary wetting in high entropy alloys (HEAs), which can be complete or partial. Different types of grain boundary wetting can affect the properties of the alloys.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Chen, Li Zhou, Jiaxin Liang, Bingyao Liu, Jinyang Liu, Ri Chen, Xin Deng, Shanghua Wu, Miaojun Huang
Summary: Functionally graded WC-TiC-Co cemented carbides with a unique bilayer microstructure were successfully synthesized in this study, and the influence of initial WC particle size on the final gradient microstructure was systematically investigated. The results showed that with the increasing of initial WC particle size, the carbide grain size of the surface layer, intermediate layer, and inner region increased after sintering. The formation mechanism of the bilayer functionally graded cemented carbides was explored by analyzing the diffusion path of Ti, N, Co and W, phase composition, and grain growth during nitriding sintering.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
V. Lamelas, M. Bonvalet Rolland, M. Walbruhl, A. Borgenstam
Summary: Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) is an efficient tool for understanding the process-structure-property relationships and designing materials. In this study, an ICME-based approach is proposed to redefine the processability limits of cemented carbides by considering the cooling rate and initial powder size. The method involves the interactive coupling of adapted models and tools to study the complex mechanisms happening during microstructural evolution, providing new inputs for the design of cemented carbides.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
D. Mueller, I. Konyashin, S. Farag, B. Ries, A. A. Zaitsev, P. A. Loginov
Summary: The study investigates the kinetics of WC coarsening during the sintering of WC-10 wt% Co cemented carbide grades using various WC powders with different grain sizes and distributions, revealing that different grain characteristics affect the limiting stage of WC coarsening process, corresponding to different physical processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Boris B. B. Straumal, Igor Konyashin
Summary: Hardmetals, or cemented carbides, are crucial materials in engineering due to their exceptional combination of fracture toughness, abrasion resistance, and hardness. However, the shape of WC crystallites in WC-Co cemented carbides can be altered by various factors.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
I Rychetsky, W. Schranz, A. Troester
Summary: This study analyzes the polar properties of antiphase boundaries (APBs) in PbZrO3 using a layer group approach and compares it with the Landau-Ginzburg free energy description. The layer group approach reveals microscopic APB properties and predicts APB structures accurately, while the free energy description reflects macroscopic properties of APBs.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuanshen Qi, Yaron Kauffmann, Anna Kosinova, Askar R. Kilmametov, Boris B. Straumal, Eugen Rabkin
Summary: This study reveals a gradient of oxygen vacancy concentration and concomitant bandgap narrowing in metal oxide nanoparticles processed by severe mechanical deformation, paving the way for strain engineering of gradient-structured metal oxide semiconductors with unique functional properties.
MATERIALS RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Boris Straumal, Olga Kogtenkova, Marat Bulatov, Alexei Nekrasov, Alexandr Baranchikov, Brigitte Baretzky, Alexandr Straumal
Summary: This paper investigates the wetting behavior of grain boundary triple junctions by the second solid phase delta in Cu-In alloys, revealing a non-monotonic trend with increasing temperature. The study found that the wetting of grain boundary triple junctions also behaves non-monotonously, with the percentage of wetted triple junctions initially increasing to 100% and then decreasing with temperature rise.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Olga Kogtenkova, Boris Borisovich Straumal, Andrey Mazilkin, Tomasz Czeppe, Pawel Zieba
Summary: High-pressure torsion processing on as-cast aluminum-magnesium alloys leads to significant grain refinement and phase transitions. Heating of the alloys shows the appearance of Mg-rich intermetallic phases in a specific sequence. The fine-grained Al-Mg alloy after HPT treatment and annealing contains Mg-rich areas near grain boundaries, indicating possible grain boundary phase transitions.
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kai-Cheng Shie, A. M. Gusak, K. N. Tu, Chih Chen
Summary: A surface creep model is proposed to analyze Cu-to-Cu direct bonding under thermal compression. The pressure gradient drives layers of atoms to fill voids at the bonding interface. The study focuses on the correlation among key parameters such as surface roughness, experimental bonding time, temperature, and pressure, and discusses the influence of theoretical bonding time on bonding conditions.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilya Lyagin, Nikolay Stepanov, George Frolov, Elena Efremenko
Summary: Fiber materials with pronounced chemical-biological protection can be obtained by combining metal nanoparticles and enzymes. The combination of metal nanoparticles and enzymes is more effective than the combination of enzymes and antibiotics, allowing for reduced application quantities. The modified fiber materials show increased elimination of bacterial cells and the enzymes retain their activity in reaction with organic phosphorus compounds. Different metal nanoparticles exhibit selectivity against different types of bacteria.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. M. Gusak, Kuan-Ju Chen, K. N. Tu, Chih Chen
Summary: Uni-modal abnormal grain growth has been observed in (111) oriented and nano-twinned Cu films, where the lateral growth rate can be two orders of magnitude higher than the vertical growth rate due to the highly anisotropic microstructure. As a result, the abnormal grain growth has been converted from bi-modal to uni-modal.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. M. Gusak, N. V. Storozhuk
Summary: Recent advancements in modelling of phase formation during solid-solid and solid-liquid reactions have been achieved through the SKMF method and Monte Carlo simulation, producing reasonable results with distinct concentration plateaus and steps. Additionally, phenomenological modelling has introduced new concepts such as the generalization of Wagner diffusivity and a new mechanism of lateral grain growth.
USPEKHI FIZIKI METALLOV-PROGRESS IN PHYSICS OF METALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Boris B. Straumal, Leonid Klinger, Alexei Kuzmin, Gabriel A. Lopez, Anna Korneva, Alexander B. Straumal, Nikolai Vershinin, Alena S. Gornakova
Summary: This article analyzes the factors affecting the grain boundary wetting in high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings and their changes, including the composition of the alloy, laser scanning speed, laser beam power, external magnetic field or ultrasonic impact.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hung-Che Liu, Shih-Chi Yang, Jia-Juen Ong, Dinh-Phuc Tran, A. M. Gusak, K. N. Tu, Chih Chen
Summary: In this study, Cu joints with highly (111)-oriented nano-twinned structure were fabricated at 250 degrees C. A new characterization approach using plan-view images of focused ion beam was reported to observe the evolution of interfacial voids in the Cu joints under annealing. The distribution function of interfacial voids and the kinetics of void evolution were then studied and analyzed. The evolution of interfacial voids was proposed to occur at different stages, which were dominant by plastic deformation, creep deformation, and void ripening caused by grain boundary and lattice diffusion.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yingxia Liu, Andriy Gusak, Siyi Jing, K. N. Tu
Summary: Black's mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) equation is commonly used to predict the electromigration lifetime of electronic products. We have derived a modified equation based on Onsager's entropy production theory, which only requires one set of data for accurate prediction and provides a fast and cost-saving method.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andriy Gusak, Anastasiia Titova
Summary: The reactive growth kinetics of a compound with frozen bulk diffusion is studied, taking into account the finite rate of redistribution and reaction along moving interfaces. Planar and curved inter-phase interfaces are considered. A new kinetic equation for phase growth with evolving grain boundaries is proposed. Three cases are examined: (1) frozen grain structure, (2) normal lateral grain growth independent of phase growth and diffusion fluxes, (3) flux-driven grain growth induced by grain-boundary diffusion fluxes across the growing compound layer. The flux-driven grain growth model provides the best fit to experimental data.
PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andriy Gusak, Anastasiia Titova
Summary: The initial stages of contact melting and eutectic crystallization in sharp concentration gradients between two crystalline components were analyzed and simulated. It was found that contact melting became possible only after the formation of a critical width of solid solutions. Crystallization in the sharp concentration gradient could lead to the formation of periodic structures in the interface vicinity. In addition, the threshold temperature existed for eutectic systems of Ag-Cu type, where the crystallization mechanism could change from precipitation + growth to polymorphic crystallization with eutectic composition + subsequent spinodal decomposition.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yan-Rong Huang, Dinh-Phuc Tran, Po-Ning Hsu, Shih-Chi Yang, A. M. Gusak, K. N. Tu, Chih Chen
Summary: This study presents an approach to inhibit Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in flip chip solder joints by thermal-gradient annealing. Reflowing two types of solder joints, Cu/SnAg/Cu and Cu/SnAg/Ni, demonstrated that the IMC growth rates were significantly influenced by the thermal gradient. The inclusion of a Ni film at the cold end effectively retarded the thermomigration of IMCs. A kinetic model was proposed to explain the competitive reactions of Cu-molten solder joints.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andriy M. Gusak, Anastasiia Titova, Zhong Chen
Summary: This article discusses an unexpected example of Flux-Driven Transformation in an open system. Specifically, the transformation of amorphous solution Ni-P into crystalline Ni3P, along with the formation of elongated voids during reaction with tin-based solder, is treated as a discontinuous precipitation driven by the out-flux of Ni to react with Sn in an open system. The corresponding model predicts the lateral grain sizes of Ni3P, phase volume ratio, and the time law of reaction with an exponent of 1/3.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kai-Cheng Shie, Dinh-Phuc Tran, A. M. Gusak, K. N. Tu, Hung-Che Liu, Chih Chen
Summary: A simple bonding model is proposed to study the effects of parameters such as surface roughness, temperature, pressure, and grain boundary diffusivity on bonding time. The surface creep mechanism of Cu-Cu direct bonding is analyzed in four stages. Surface roughness and orientation are found to play critical roles in bonding time.
IEEE 72ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC 2022)
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Deyong Zheng, Huihui Jin, Yucong Liao, Pengxia Ji
Summary: In this study, a highly stable and efficient catalyst, fluorine-doped Co3O4 (F-Co3O4), was developed for hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The F-Co3O4 catalyst exhibited a remarkable reduction in overpotential and demonstrated excellent stability for over 100 hours.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ziwen Lv, Jintao Wang, Fengyi Wang, Jianqiang Wang, Fuquan Li, Hongtao Chen
Summary: Adding Cu6Sn5 nano particles can effectively inhibit the overgrowth of intermetallic compounds at the interfaces of solder joints in electronic devices, providing a solution to this issue. A new growth mechanism of intermetallic compounds at the interfaces was identified.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jun Wang, Jiawei Chen, Wanru Liao, Fangyang Liu, Min Liu, Liangxing Jiang
Summary: A BiOI/AgI/Ag plasmonic heterostructure photocathode was successfully designed through electrodeposition, ion-exchange, and illumination methods. This photocathode exhibits superior performance in photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoxiao Liu, Xianxian Zhou, Xiaotao Ma, Qinbo Yuan, Shibin Liu
Summary: In this study, the authors propose a method to accelerate the reaction of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries using a Ni@OC Mott-Schottky heterojunction as a catalyst. The experimental results demonstrate that the charge redistribution at the Ni@OC interface accelerates electron transfer and enhances catalytic activity, leading to improved reaction kinetics and battery performance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dayou Ma, Mohammad Rezasefat, Joziel Aparecido da Cruz, Sandro Campos Amico, Marco Giglio, Andrea Manes
Summary: The matrix has a significant effect on the impact resistance of composite materials. Replacing a brittle polymer with a more flexible one can improve impact resistance, but it poses challenges to standard testing methods. This study designs a new fixture for testing the low-velocity impact of soft composites and investigates the effect of the fixture on the mechanical performance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lingchang Wang, Qihang Yang, Huzhen Li, Ming Wei, Qian Wang, Zhenzhong Hu, Mengmeng Zhen
Summary: Bronze titanium dioxide (TiO2(B)) is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. However, its practical applications are hindered by poor conductivity and limited electrochemical kinetics. In this study, TiO2(B)-carbon nanosheets heterostructures are synthesized to enhance the cycling performance and rate capability of TiO2(B).
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Atul Thakur, Ritesh Verma, Ankush Chauhan, Fayu Wan, Preeti Thakur
Summary: In this study, BaFe12O19 and BaFe12O19: Epoxy (50:50) nanocomposites were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The structural information and material properties, such as crystallite size and electrical conductivity, were characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDX, and TEM techniques.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jingyu Wu, Xinyan Ma, Yong Yang
Summary: A well-defined CoS2@NC(CS-500) hierarchical binder-free catalyst cathode is constructed through in-situ grown of ZIF-67 on carbon cloth and high-temperature carbonization. The cathode shows excellent reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance, providing inspiration for developing advanced Li-CO2 battery catalysts.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Svetlana M. Posokhova, Vladimir A. Morozov, Kirill N. Boldyrev, Dina Deyneko, Erzhena T. Pavlova, Bogdan I. Lazoryak
Summary: This study explores the impact of synthesis method and composition on the structure and luminescence properties of K5Eu1-xHox(MoO4)4 with the palmierite-type matrix. The co-doping of Eu3+ and Ho3+ ions plays a critical role in manipulating charge transfer and luminescence efficiency in the visible and infrared regions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Wang, Yeting Tao, Jingsheng Wang, Youtian Tao
Summary: A new electron-transport material iTPyBI-CN is developed through non-catalytic C-N coupling reaction. It exhibits better electroluminescence efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes compared to the commercial material TPBI, due to its twisted geometry and higher energy levels.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tao Zhu, Feng Huang, Shuo Li, Yang Zhou
Summary: This article combines XRD analysis and microscopic structural observation to investigate the changes in limestone after high-temperature treatment. It finds that 500 degrees C is the critical temperature for crystalline and spatial arrangement changes in limestone, and the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and heat storage coefficient gradually decrease after thermal treatment.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Haekal Habibie, Fransiska Sri Herwahyu Krismastuti, Abdi Wira Septama, Faiza Maryani, Vivi Fauzia
Summary: This study focuses on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructure from zinc recovered from galvanization ash and highlights its potential as a sustainable source of zinc and as an antibacterial agent.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jingyi Li, Yixin Xing, Wei Gu, Shousi Lu
Summary: In this study, PC@CaP microparticles were fabricated using biomimetic mineralization. The results showed that under environmental stress, PC@CaP exhibited improved stability and antioxidative activity, indicating its potential use in high-added value fields.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yan Liu, Shunyou Chen
Summary: In this study, TNTs were used as a drug carrier and modified with ZIF-8 and silk fibroin to obtain a new drug loading platform. The results showed that this drug-loaded platform had a good drug release effect in vitro and could promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chunhui Zhu, Wentao Wang, Qing Zhen, Xinning Huang, Shixin Li, Shaochang Wang, Xiaoping Ma, Xiaoxia Liu, Yalong Jiao, Kai Sun, Zhuangzhi Li, Huaixin Yang, Jianqi Li
Summary: A type of stacking fault is revealed in e-InSe crystal, which is associated with a small stacking-fault energy and shows exceptional plasticity.
