Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 58, Issue 3, Pages 721-726Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2010.2095853
Keywords
Cardiac catheterization; fiber-optic force sensor; force sensor; light intensity modulation; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible
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Funding
- Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation, Greece
- European Community [FP7/2007-2013, 231640]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [TS/G002142/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [TS/G002142/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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This paper presents a novel, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible, force sensor suitable for cardiac catheterization procedures. The miniature, fiber-optic sensor is integrated with the tip of a catheter to allow the detection of interaction forces with the cardiac walls. The optical fiber light intensity is modulated when a force acting at the catheter tip deforms an elastic element, which, in turn, varies the distance between a reflector and the optical fiber. The tip sensor has an external diameter of 9 Fr (3mm) and can be used during cardiac catheterization procedures. The sensor is able to measure forces in the range of 0-0.85 N, with relatively small hysteresis. A nonlinear method for calibration is used and real-time MRI in vivo experiments are carried out, to prove the feasibility of this low-cost sensor, enabling the detection of catheter-tip contact forces under dynamic conditions.
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