Article
Environmental Sciences
Hang Wang, Zhongtian Bai, Ruidi Bai, Shanjun Liu
Summary: This paper presents an experimental investigation of aerated water flow cascading down a vegetated stepped chute. The presence of vegetation reduces self-aeration and flow fluctuations, but enhances the dissipation of flow kinetic energy. The modification to flow aeration and energy loss in the vegetated flow is dependent on the flow regime and step-induced macroroughness height.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Saeid Okhravi, Radoslav Schugerl, Yvetta Veliskova
Summary: This study addresses the issue of using a fixed value for the bed roughness coefficient in lowland rivers. The study investigates the seasonal flow resistance values in four lowland streams and identifies bed forms and aquatic vegetation as significant sources of boundary resistance. The study proposes two new flow resistance predictors based on flow discharge and verifies them against field and flume data.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Feng-Cong Jia, Wei-Jie Wang, Ling-Hua Liu, Jin-Jin Li, Ai-Ping Huang, Jing Zhang, Yi-Cheng Fu, Yang Yu
Summary: This study tackles the problems of complex expressions and low simulation accuracy in research on water flow under vegetated environments. By utilizing environmental hydraulics and genetic algorithm theories, the researchers successfully construct a formula for calculating the resistance coefficient for flexible vegetated flow. They establish a new quantitative relationship between the drag coefficient and the relative roughness of flexible vegetation, providing valuable theoretical support for vegetation restoration.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qi Liu, Shuangcheng Zhang, Weiqiang Li, Yang Nan, Jilun Peng, Zhongmin Ma, Xin Zhou
Summary: Accurate global soil moisture data are crucial for modeling land surface hydrological cycles and monitoring climate change. In this study, a new soil moisture retrieval method based on robust regression is proposed to address the issue of noise in observations. The results show that the proposed method has better performance compared to linear regression methods and can accurately estimate soil moisture.
Article
Biophysics
Touhid Feghhi, Roberto X. Hernandez, Michal Stawarski, Connon Thomas, Naomi Kamasawa, A. W. C. Lau, Gregory T. Macleod
Summary: The study reveals that at chemical synapses, the pH of the synaptic cleft rapidly switches from acidic to alkaline after neurotransmitter release due to the activity of plasma membrane calcium-ATPase. Phosphate buffering is effective in suppressing cleft alkalinization.
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhengbing Chen, Jianyin Zhou, Qianhai Chen
Summary: A formula for calculating the roughness coefficient was derived based on theoretical analysis and laboratory tests, and the impact of vegetation density, vegetation height, and water depth on the roughness coefficient was analyzed. The study can be applied in the fields of water level-flow discharge relationship analysis and the water surface line calculation of vegetated rivers.
Article
Mechanics
Yue Ji, Fei Liu, Xingfei Li, Jinyi Li
Summary: This study investigates the flow characteristics of liquid water and liquid metals in closed channels with different roughness using a modified roughness viscosity model (RVM). The study suggests the use of local Reynolds number instead of overall Reynolds number and provides numerical simulation and experimental verification for the modified model. The study also explores the flow of conductive liquid metal in closed channels with different roughness under a magnetic field. The results indicate that surface roughness has a significant impact on flow rate change, frictional resistance, and the effect of magnetic field. This verified modified RVM model offers valuable ideas and methods for future research on laminar roughness in micro-closed channels.
Article
Geography, Physical
Jinjuan Gao, David M. Kennedy, Sarah McSweeney
Summary: The patterns and driving factors of vegetation expansion during dune stabilization were examined in three coastal dunefields in Victoria, Australia. The trajectory of vegetation expansion was found to be determined by dunefield topography, with colonization occurring at different parts of the dunefield. Pre-existing vegetation played a critical role in dune re-vegetation and subsequent expansion, as it provided seeds and changed the micro-climates. This research provides important insights into vegetation expansion during dune stabilization and can help identify management intervention opportunities.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Andrea Farkas, Nastia Degiuli, Ivana Martic
Summary: Ship performance is significantly affected by roughness on immersed surfaces, with the prediction of roughness effects being crucial. A novel method for assessing the frictional resistance coefficient for rough surfaces is proposed, considering non-uniform distribution of friction velocity and roughness Reynolds number. The proposed method's applicability is demonstrated through comparisons with CFD approaches for different surface conditions, showing relative deviations in predicted frictional resistance coefficients lower than 2.5%.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tian-liang Cheng, Yan-xia Pan, Yan Li, Xin-ping Wang
Summary: A multivariate linear model was established based on 36 plots of vegetation in the Alxa Plateau, northwestern China, to investigate the influence of spatial vegetation patterns on wind erosion. The results showed that vegetation morphology, density, regularity, and spacing had different impacts on the average and standard deviation of wind erosion, and spatial-related terms made significant contributions to the model variance.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
P. Foltyn, D. Ribeiro, A. Silva, G. Lamanna, B. Weigand
Summary: The influence of regularly patterned micro-structures on the physical outcomes of droplet impacts is not well understood. This study systematically investigates the morphology of such surfaces and finds that the outcomes of droplet impacts depend on the impact energy, surface wettability, and structure dimensions. The study also discovers that roughness features can both trigger and inhibit splashing, and identifies reproducible arrangements of air entrapment within the structure.
Article
Plant Sciences
Giuliano Bonanomi, Nicole Salvatori, Maurizio Zotti, Adriano Stinca, Riccardo Motti, Mohamed Idbella, Fabrizio Carteni, Stefano Mazzoleni, Francesco Giannino
Summary: The study found that the vegetation in different colored belts was related to the attack of the parasitic plant Cuscuta campestris, with no significant differences in soil chemistry among the three belts, supporting the important role of the parasitic plant in the formation of the pattern.
JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Liang Geng, Andrea D'Alpaos, Alessandro Sgarabotto, Zheng Gong, Stefano Lanzoni
Summary: The formation and development of tidal channels and salt marshes are controlled by complex interactions, with vegetation growth playing a key role. Vegetation promotes the development of channel networks, but sea level rise restricts the extension of salt marshes.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Saheba Bhatnagar, Laurence W. Gill, Steve Waldren, Nova Sharkey, Owen Naughton, Paul Johnston, Catherine Coxon, Patrick Morrissey, Bidisha Ghosh
Summary: A study utilizing a 28-year hydrological record assessed ecohydrological metrics for different vegetation communities in a karst area, revealing distinct differences in flood conditions experienced by different communities. The study also used satellite data to evaluate changes in the spatial distribution of the communities.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Victoria A. Walker, Vivian Wallace, Enes Yildirim, William E. Eichinger, Michael H. Cosh, Brian K. Hornbuckle
Summary: Soil surface roughness in the U.S. Corn Belt varies due to rainfall and soil management activities. The assumption of static roughness in the SMAP soil moisture retrieval algorithm is not consistent with the actual changes. Through field measurements and simulations, it was found that the actual roughness coefficient is significantly higher than the assumed value. Retrievals of roughness using satellite measurements can provide information on tillage and other soil management activities.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2023)