Editorial Material
Biology
Altaira D. Dearborn, Ashish Kumar, Joseph Marcotrigiano
Summary: A domain in the ORF1 polyprotein of the hepatitis E virus, previously believed to be a protease, is actually a zinc-binding domain.
Article
Biology
Robert LeDesma, Brigitte Heller, Abhishek Biswas, Stephanie Maya, Stefania Gili, John Higgins, Alexander Ploss
Summary: This study reveals that the multifunctional protein ORF1 of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is crucial for genome replication and is not regulated by proteolytic processing. The essential role of six cysteines in the pPCP domain in viral replication is associated with the coordination of divalent metal ions. Moreover, the pPCP domain can only rescue viral genome replication when expressed in the context of the full-length ORF1 protein.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Elodie Beaumont, Vincent Larochette, Laurence Preisser, Charline Miot, Pascale Pignon, Simon Blanchard, Bjorn-Thore Hansen, Jonathan Dauve, Caroline Poli, Minna M. Poranen, Patricia Lamourette, Marc Plaisance, Alain Morel, Helmut Fickenscher, Pascale Jeannin, Philippe Roingeard, Yves Delneste
Summary: IL-26 plays a crucial role in protecting against HCV infection in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C, exerting direct antiviral activity by inhibiting viral replication and interfering with RNA polymerase activity.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pengfei Li, Yunlong Li, Yijin Wang, Jiaye Liu, Marla Lavrijsen, Yang Li, Ruyi Zhang, Monique M. A. Verstegen, Yining Wang, Tian-Cheng Li, Zhongren Ma, Denis E. Kainov, Marco J. Bruno, Robert A. de Man, Luc J. W. van der Laan, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, Qiuwei Pan
Summary: Successful recapitulation of hepatitis E virus infection in liver-derived organoids facilitates the study of virus-host interactions and the development of antiviral therapies.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caroline Lefeuvre, Helene Le Guillou-Guillemette, Alexandra Ducancelle
Summary: Chronic HBV infection is a common factor associated with HCC, with studies showing that the HBc protein plays a significant role in affecting pathways involved in HCC development, such as migration, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and immune responses. HBc can also promote HCC metastasis by modulating host gene expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Virology
Hui-Chun Li, Chee-Hing Yang, Shih-Yen Lo
Summary: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can lead to the development of chronic liver diseases and other extra-hepatic diseases. HCV relies on host cells for replication and can manipulate host cellular factors to facilitate its replication. Dysregulation of cellular factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), has been observed during HCV infection. These dysregulated miRNAs can directly or indirectly modulate HCV replication and induce liver diseases. Some dysregulated miRNAs have been identified as biomarkers for the detection of HCV infection and related diseases. This review provides a summary of the identified miRNAs involved in HCV replication and pathogenesis, with a focus on recent developments.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alessandra Mangia, Rosa Cotugno, Giovanna Cocomazzi, Maria Maddalena Squillante, Valeria Piazzolla
Summary: The World Health Organization's goal of eliminating Hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030 using direct-acting antiviral treatments has become less attainable post the 2020 pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019. Therefore, a more realistic approach of micro-elimination in population segments where targeted strategies of prevention and treatment are easily attained has been promoted in Europe. Active involvement of stakeholders and community participation are essential components for the success of a micro-elimination project tailored at the geographical level according to HCV epidemiology and individual country's income.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ferhat Arslan, Gianluigi Franci, Bianca Maria Nastri, Pasquale Pagliano
Summary: This article investigates the relationship between Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by presenting epidemiological and microbiological data, accompanied by the principles of viral oncogenesis. Different correlations between HBV infection and HCC prevalence in various regions of the world suggest the presence of virus-independent phenomena for cancer development. It is important to review current knowledge and examine the relationship between HBV and HCC in light of the data presented.
JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Onruedee Khantisitthiporn, Byron Shue, Nicholas S. Eyre, Colt W. Nash, Lynne Turnbull, Cynthia B. Whitchurch, Kylie H. Van der Hoek, Karla J. Helbig, Michael R. Beard
Summary: The study found that viperin interacts with ISG Pex19, and is associated with peroxisomes and lipid droplets. The enhancement of the RLR signaling pathway by viperin is lost when Pex19 expression is reduced. Viperin requires the combined action of mitochondria and peroxisome MAVS to optimally induce IFN-beta.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mosleh Abomughaid, Enoch S. E. Tay, Russell Pickford, Chandra Malladi, Scott A. Read, Jens R. Coorssen, Brian S. Gloss, Jacob George, Mark W. Douglas
Summary: HCV infection increases neutral lipid and phospholipids in cells and induces the expression of PEMT, a key enzyme promoting lipid accumulation and virus replication. The induction of PEMT may explain the genotype-specific differences in hepatic steatosis caused by the virus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Cong Xu, Jieqing Fan, Danyang Liu, Aimaier Tuerdi, Juanjuan Chen, Yuning Wei, Yanfang Pan, Huaixin Dang, Xiong Wei, Ashraf Siddig Yousif, Jeysen Yogaratnam, Qiong Zhou, Henri Lichenstein, Tian Xu
Summary: The study demonstrates that DF-006 exhibits antiviral efficacy against HBV in mouse and PHH models without overt toxicity. In mice, DF-006 primarily targets the liver and activates innate immunity to mediate its anti-HBV effects.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yuan Zhang, Xiaorong Chen, Yajuan Cao, Zongguo Yang
Summary: APOBEC3 (A3) cytidine deaminases play important roles in inhibiting HBV infection, but their deaminated deoxycytidine activity can also cause cellular genetic mutations, affecting genomic stability and cancer development.
Review
Microbiology
Chonghui Xu, Jizheng Chen, Xinwen Chen
Summary: Hepatitis viruses are the primary causative agents of hepatitis and pose a major public health issue globally. The host innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against these viruses. However, hepatitis viruses evade host immune surveillance through various strategies, compromising the innate immune response and creating a favorable environment for viral replication.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Rosario Sabariegos, Laura Albentosa-Gonzalez, Blanca Palmero, Pilar Clemente-Casares, Eugenio Ramirez, Carlos Garcia-Crespo, Isabel Gallego, Ana Isabel de avila, Celia Perales, Esteban Domingo, Antonio Mas
Summary: This study identified specific amino acids of the NS5B protein phosphorylated by cellular kinases, which may affect HCV RNA polymerase activity and lead to viral inactivation. Results from RNA transfection experiments with mutant viruses showed that T53E/A and S282E/A mutations had an impact on viral titers.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biology
Grace Sanghee Lee, Michael A. A. Purdy, Youkyung Choi
Summary: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections are major causes of liver disease, and their study requires an efficient in vitro cell culture system. Current antiviral therapies for HBV and HDV are not curative, highlighting the urgent need for new treatments. The development of the HepG2-NTCP sec+ cell line and self-assembling co-cultured primary human hepatocytes (SACC-PHHs) has provided new perspectives for studying the lifecycles of HBV and HDV and developing specific antiviral drug targets.