Article
Immunology
Marc-Olivier Boldi, Justin Denis-Lessard, Rina Neziri, Rene Brouillet, Christophe von-Garnier, Valerie Chavez, Jesica Mazza-Stalder, Katia Jaton, Gilbert Greub, Onya Opota
Summary: Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) have a significant impact on the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), with higher sensitivity and specificity than microscopy. Bronchial aspirate has a higher diagnostic yield than bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and sputum in respiratory specimens. Therefore, PCR should be performed on bronchial aspirates when available.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Marzahl, Jenny Hill, Jason Stayt, Dorothee Bienzle, Lutz Welker, Frauke Wilm, Joern Voigt, Marc Aubreville, Andreas Maier, Robert Klopfleisch, Katharina Breininger, Christof A. Bertram
Summary: This study introduces a novel, fully annotated multi-species P-Hem dataset, and develops an annotation pipeline using deep learning and data visualization techniques. The dataset is one of the largest publicly available WSIs datasets in terms of the number of annotations, scanned area, and species covered.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasuaki Kotetsu, Toyoshi Yanagihara, Kunihiro Suzuki, Hiroyuki Ando, Daisuke Eto, Kentaro Hata, Masako Arimura-Omori, Yuzo Yamamoto, Eiji Harada, Naoki Hamada
Summary: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease caused by unknown immunological abnormalities, with lungs being the most vulnerable organs. Research suggests that PD-1 or TIM-3 expression on T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may serve as a prognostic factor for pulmonary lesions in sarcoidosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariaenrica Tine, Tommaso Neri, Davide Biondini, Nicol Bernardinello, Alvise Casara, Maria Conti, Marianna Minniti, Manuel G. Cosio, Marina Saetta, Alessandro Celi, Dario Nieri, Erica Bazzan
Summary: Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the circulation and body fluids can be used as biomarkers for lung and other diseases. This study compared the characteristics of EVs in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood samples from smokers with and without COPD. The results showed that there were significant differences in macrophage-derived EVs (CD14-EVs) between nonsmokers, smokers without COPD, and COPD patients in BAL but not in plasma.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Karoline Leuzinger, Daiana Stolz, Rainer Gosert, Klaudia Naegele, Spasenija S. Prince, Michael Tamm, Hans H. Hirsch
Summary: This study compared virus isolation in cell-culture and quantitative-nucleic-acid testing for cytomegalovirus, finding that the two methods may yield different results in detecting CMV replication, indicating the potential clinical value of QNAT in CMV diagnostics.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Ahmed El-Nawawy, Manal A. M. Antonios, Marwa A. Meheissen, Marwan M. Fahim
Summary: This study aimed to assess viral agents causing severe pneumonia among mechanically ventilated pediatric patients, and found that viral infection rate was high at 73.4%, with rhinovirus and RSV being the most common. The mortality rate for viral-associated severe pneumonia reached 56.36%, with a threefold increase in mortality odds in the presence of comorbid conditions and a tenfold increase with congenital heart disease.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Marc B. Feinstein, Imnett Habtes, Sergio Giralt, Diane E. Stover
Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) among hematologic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients relative to noninvasive testing. Noninvasive testing tended to detect bacterial and viral infections more commonly, while BAL was more likely to yield mycobacterial isolates. Both BAL and noninvasive testing are valuable strategies in assessing pulmonary complications among HSCT patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rodopi Stamatiou, Vasiliki Tsolaki, Apostolia Hatziefthimiou, Epaminondas Zakynthinos, Demosthenes Makris
Summary: This study aimed to standardize bronchial sampling techniques and propose a new mechanical mucus dissolution method, which showed higher levels of cells and proteins in mechanically dissolved mucus. Cell numbers and protein levels were higher in MV patients compared to controls, but protein levels were lower.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
In Ae Kim, Jae Young Hur, Hee Joung Kim, Wan Seop Kim, Kye Young Lee
Summary: Liquid biopsy using extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as a DNA source is a highly accurate and rapid method for EGFR genotyping in advanced lung non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC), overcoming the limitations of tissue biopsy and plasma cfDNA liquid biopsy.
Article
Immunology
Pernilla Darlington, Jonas Melin, Natalia Rivera, Johan Grunewald, Anders Eklund, Susanna Kullberg
Summary: Peripheral blood lymphopenia is associated with a more severe disease phenotype in sarcoidosis patients, and it is correlated with specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. The decrease in lymphocytes may not be due to their migration to other organs but could be influenced by the presence of HLA-DRB1*07 allele.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Kara J. Mould, Camille M. Moore, Shannon A. McManus, Alexandra L. McCubbrey, Jazalle D. McClendon, Christine L. Griesmer, Peter M. Henson, William J. Janssen
Summary: Through techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing, this study identified transcriptional heterogeneity of human cells obtained from BAL, defining multiple subgroups of airspace macrophages in healthy adults, including proinflammatory and metal-binding subgroups. Additionally, comparisons were made between monocyte-like cells in airspaces and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as macrophage and monocyte programming differences between males and females.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chin-Wei Kuo, Po-Lan Su, Tang-Hsiu Huang, Chien-Chung Lin, Chian-Wei Chen, Jeng-Shiuan Tsai, Xin-Min Liao, Tzu-Yi Chan, Chi-Chang Shieh
Summary: The expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in alveolar macrophages (AMs) was found to be positively correlated with smoking pack-year and current smoking. Experiments using human AMs showed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increased ACE2 expression and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (CoV-2 PsV). Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was found to decrease ACE2 expression by suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human AMs. Therefore, smoking increases susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection by increasing ROS-induced ACE2 expression in AMs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jane Alexandra Shaw, Maynard Meiring, Devon Allies, Lauren Cruywagen, Tarryn-Lee Fisher, Kesheera Kasavan, Kelly Roos, Stefan Marc Botha, Candice MacDonald, Andritte M. Hiemstra, Donald Simon, Ilana M. van Rensburg, Marika A. Flinn, Ayanda B. Shabangu, Helena Kuivaniemi, Gerard Tromp, Stephanus Malherbe, Gerhard Walzl, Nelita du Plessis
Summary: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a common procedure for studying infectious disease immunology. This study analyzed the factors that influence the outcomes of BAL and identified associations with participant characteristics such as active tuberculosis (TB) disease, HIV infection, and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed correlations between BAL volume and cell count in participants with active TB disease and current smokers. Older participants had lower BAL cell and volume yields, and higher neutrophils. Current smokers had lower volumes, higher cell counts, and black pellets. The findings provide insights for researchers to optimize participant selection and assay for projects involving lung immune cells.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Malgorzata Sobiecka, Monika Szturmowicz, Katarzyna B. Lewandowska, Inga Baranska, Katarzyna Zimna, Ewa Lyzwa, Malgorzata Dybowska, Renata Langfort, Piotr Radwan-Rohrenschef, Adriana Rozy, Witold Z. Tomkowski
Summary: This study aimed to determine the value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) total cell count (TCC) and lymphocytosis in distinguishing fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The results showed that BAL TCC and lymphocyte percentage were significantly higher in fHP compared to IPF. BAL lymphocytosis >30% was found in 60% of fHP patients and none of the IPF patients. Logistic regression analysis identified several factors that increased the probability of fHP diagnosis. The optimal cut-off values to differentiate fHP from IPF were 15 x 10(6) for TCC and 21% for BAL lymphocytosis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Pastor, Elisabeth Vera, Jose M. Marin, David Sanz-Rubio
Summary: Lung diseases are a common cause of death globally, with chronic airway inflammation and abnormal tissue repair playing a role in their pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles play a key role in the development of LD, serving as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)