Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kumari Prerna, Vikash Kumar Dubey
Summary: This article discusses the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis and their importance in health and diseases, with a focus on Beclin1 as a key player.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sucharat Tungsukruthai, Onrapak Reamtong, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Suchada Sukrong, Chanida Vinayanwattikun, Pithi Chanvorachote
Summary: The study demonstrates that the polyphenol stilbene compound PE5 can inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells by promoting autophagic cell death, offering a potential new approach to cancer treatment. Cell death induced by PE5 is accompanied by autophagy induction and is mediated by targeting the AKT/mTOR and Bcl-2 pathways to induce ACD.
Article
Cell Biology
Valeria Coppola, Ilaria Marino, Uwe Warnken, Mario Falchi, Luca Pasquini, Mauro Biffoni, Ruggero De Maria, Tobias Longin Haas
Summary: We have identified FYCO1 as a protein that promotes the transport of autophagic and endosomal vesicles. It interacts with activated CASP8 and its loss leads to increased sensitivity of cells to apoptosis and impaired transport of TNFRSF10B/TRAIL-R2/DR5.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sung Un Huh
Summary: Plants have metaCaspases instead of caspases, which play critical roles in programmed cell death during plant development and defense responses. The diversity in the number of metaCaspases in different plant species suggests varying functions due to diverse evolutions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kumari Prerna, Vikash Kumar Dubey
Summary: Autophagy and apoptosis are critical processes in programmed cell death, and inhibiting up-regulated autophagy in cancer cells may induce apoptosis for tumor clearance. Through computational methods, the FDA-approved drugs Ponatinib, Simeprevir, and Nilotinib were identified as potential candidates for inhibiting autophagy by targeting the interaction between Beclin1 and Bcl-2. Further experimental validations are ongoing to confirm the effectiveness of these drug candidates.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haibo Zhang, Lei Ma, Eungyung Kim, Junkoo Yi, Hai Huang, Hyeonjin Kim, Muhammad Atif Raza, Sijun Park, Soyoung Jang, Kirim Kim, Sung-Hyun Kim, Youngkyun Lee, Eunkyong Kim, Zae Young Ryoo, Myoung Ok Kim
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the potential anticancer activity and underlying mechanisms of rhein, a natural compound extracted from rhubarb, on oral cancer cells. The results showed that rhein significantly inhibited oral cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest. It also inhibited migration and invasion of oral cancer cells through the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins. Rhein exerted its anticancer activity by inducing oral cancer cell apoptosis and ROS accumulation via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ai-Yuan Xiu, Qian Ding, Zhen Li, Chun-Qing Zhang
Summary: Doxazosin inhibits autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, attenuating liver fibrosis. It also blocks HSC proliferation and migration, inducing cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, doxazosin activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway which regulates fibrosis, autophagy, and apoptosis in HSCs.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kai Xu, Yuzhe He, Safwat Adel Abdo Moqbel, Xing Zhou, Lidong Wu, Jiapeng Bao
Summary: This study investigated the role of SIRT3 in osteoarthritis pathophysiology and found that SIRT3 serves as a protective agent against OA by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Pengzhan He, Yang He, Jingjing Ma, Yinghui Liu, Chuan Liu, Yu Baoping, Weiguo Dong
Summary: In this study, it was found that thymoquinone inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and induced concentration-dependent apoptosis and autophagy. These effects were mediated through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The findings provide new insights into the specific mechanism of thymoquinone as an anti-gastric cancer drug.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Chiara Anselmi, Federico Caicci, Tommaso Bocci, Matteo Guidetti, Alberto Priori, Veronica Giusti, Tom Levy, Tal Raveh, Ayelet Voskoboynik, Irving L. L. Weissman, Lucia Manni
Summary: This study investigated neuronal death in B. schlosseri, a marine tunicate with genomic homology to mammals. The researchers characterized the different forms of neuronal death and identified specific genes involved in the cell death pathways. The findings suggest that studying the mechanisms of neuronal alterations in B. schlosseri could provide insights into human neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Cell Biology
Francesco Brunelli, Liliana Torosantucci, Vania Gelmetti, Davide Franzone, Anne Grunewald, Rejko Kruger, Giuseppe Arena, Enza Maria Valente
Summary: In this study, a novel anti-apoptotic function of PINK1 was discovered, providing new options for treatment in proliferative or neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Du Bing-Xin, Lin Pei, Lin Jun
Summary: EGCG and ECG induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial signaling pathway and downregulate autophagy by modulating the AMPK/mTOR and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Sharon Tran, W. Douglas Fairlie, Erinna F. Lee
Summary: BECLIN1 is a crucial regulator of autophagy, working in conjunction with other proteins to generate essential lipids for autophagy and membrane trafficking processes. Studies have revealed the structural and functional properties of BECLIN1, shedding light on its role in regulating autophagy and membrane trafficking. Its diverse protein interactome plays a significant role in organismal physiology.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahmoud Izadi, Tayyiba Akbar Ali, Ehsan Pourkarimi
Summary: Research in biomedical sciences has undergone significant changes in the past 50 years, with the discovery of apoptosis and autophagy playing a crucial role. Advances in molecular biology have provided insight into the genetic regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, contributing to our understanding of their roles in human health and diseases. Exciting crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy, from early discoveries to recent findings, further underscores their importance in physiological and pathological conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaoru Chang, Xiujuan Wang, Jiangyan Li, Mengting Shang, Shuyan Niu, Wenli Zhang, Yunjing Li, Zuoyi Sun, Junying Gan, Wenhua Li, Meng Tang, Yuying Xue
Summary: This study found that AgNPs can induce cytotoxicity in HT22 cells through autophagy and apoptosis pathways mediated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These results provide experimental evidence and explanation for the potential neurotoxicity triggered by AgNPs in vitro.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Tony Heurtaux, Melanie Kirchmeyer, Eric Koncina, Paul Felten, Lorraine Richart, Oihane Uriarte Huarte, Herve Schohn, Michel Mittelbronn
Summary: The study showed that the enantiomers of apomorphine can reduce A53T-induced microgliosis by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway, leading to a lower pro-inflammatory state and restoration of phagocytic activity.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pia S. Zeiner, Leonhard Mann, Katharina Filipski, Tatjana Starzetz, Marie-Therese Forster, Michael W. Ronellenfitsch, Joachim P. Steinbach, Michel Mittelbronn, Marlies Wagner, Patrick N. Harter
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed 15 patients with PML, finding that patients with MRI-defined iPML had a higher intensity of inflammation, while cPML patients also demonstrated inflammatory tissue alterations. Infiltration of CD163-positive microglia and macrophages correlated with PML lesion size.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Pierre Garcia, Wiebke Jurgens-Wemheuer, Oihane Uriarte Huarte, Alessandro Michelucci, Annette Masuch, Simone Brioschi, Andreas Weihofen, Eric Koncina, Djalil Coowar, Tony Heurtaux, Enrico Glaab, Rudi Balling, Carole Sousa, Tony Kaoma, Nathalie Nicot, Tatjana Pfander, Walter Schulz-Schaeffer, Ahmad Allouche, Nicolas Fischer, Knut Biber, Felix Kleine-Borgmann, Michel Mittelbronn, Marek Ostaszewski, Kristopher J. Schmit, Manuel Buttini
Summary: A key pathological process in Parkinson's disease is the transneuronal spreading of alpha-synuclein, but our study suggests that inclusion formation is not the major driver of neurodegeneration in the early stages. Instead, activated microglia, possibly through oligomeric alpha-syn, may play a key role in this process.
Article
Oncology
Janina Remy, Benedikt Linder, Ulrike Weirauch, Bryan W. Day, Brett W. Stringer, Christel Herold-Mende, Achim Aigner, Knut Krohn, Donat Koegel
Summary: This study reveals an unknown role of STAT3 in sensitizing glioblastoma cells to excessive autophagy and supports the concept of utilizing autophagy and lysosomal membrane permeabilization for glioblastoma therapy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elena I. Ilina, Camille Cialini, Dietlind L. Gerloff, Maitane Duarte Garcia-Escudero, Celine Jeanty, Marie-Laetitia Thezenas, Antoine Lesur, Vincent Puard, Francois Bernardin, Alina Moter, Anne Schuster, Monika Dieterle, Anna Golebiewska, Jean-Jacques Gerardy, Gunnar Dittmar, Simone P. Niclou, Tanja Mueller, Michel Mittelbronn
Summary: This study demonstrated that the expression of glycosyltransferase GLT8D1 is significantly higher in GBM patients compared to normal brain tissue, and it may be associated with decreased patient survival. In vitro experiments showed that increased GLT8D1 expression enhances GBM cell migration. Point mutation experiments revealed that the active site of GLT8D1 is essential for its glycosyltransferase activity and cell migration. Furthermore, the study identified potential interaction partners of GLT8D1 related to cytoskeleton and intracellular transport.
Article
Ecology
Anna Schleimer, Lorraine Richart, Frank Drygala, Francois Casabianca, Oscar Maestrini, Hannah Weigand, Chantal Schwartz, Michel Mittelbronn, Alain C. Frantz
Summary: Due to intensified domestification and hybridisation, the genetic distinctness of the Corsican wild boar has been found to be significantly different from domestic pigs. Molecular markers play a crucial role in assessing the impact of management practices on gene flow.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Davide G. Franchina, Henry Kurniawan, Melanie Grusdat, Carole Binsfeld, Luana Guerra, Lynn Bonetti, Leticia Soriano-Baguet, Anouk Ewen, Takumi Kobayashi, Sophie Farinelle, Anna Rita Minafra, Niels Vandamme, Anais Carpentier, Felix K. Borgmann, Christian Jager, Ying Chen, Markus Kleinewietfeld, Vasilis Vasiliou, Michel Mittelbronn, Karsten Hiller, Philipp A. Lang, Dirk Brenner
Summary: This study reveals that deficiency of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), the enzyme for glutathione synthesis, has differential impacts on the homeostasis of follicular and marginal zone B cells (FoB and MZB), specifically impairing FoB activation and downstream antiviral immunity.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Physiology
David S. Bouvier, Sonja Fixemer, Tony Heurtaux, Felicia Jeannelle, Katrin B. M. Frauenknecht, Michel Mittelbronn
Summary: Astrocytes play multiple roles in the central nervous system, but in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, they may exhibit neurotoxic phenotypes that contribute to disease progression. Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired phagocytosis, and altered physiological roles are the main manifestations of astrocytic toxicity. However, the involvement of astrocytes in brain deterioration in patients with neurodegenerative diseases is still controversial due to overlapping pathologies and technical challenges in studying human brain samples. This review provides an overview of astrocyte neurotoxicity from in vitro findings to animal models and patient-related research, and discusses the role of aging in astrocytes and potential therapeutic strategies.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sonja Fixemer, Corrado Ameli, Gael Hammer, Luis Salamanca, Oihane Uriarte Huarte, Chantal Schwartz, Jean-Jacques Gerardy, Naguib Mechawar, Alexander Skupin, Michel Mittelbronn, David S. Bouvier
Summary: Cellular alterations in the hippocampus lead to memory decline, a shared symptom in AD and DLB patients. The subregional deterioration patterns differ between AD and DLB, with CA1 being more severely affected in AD. Microglial activation may play a role in selective volume loss in the hippocampus.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Benedikt Linder, Miroslava Zoldakova, Zsuzsanna Kornyei, Leonhard H. F. Koehler, Sebastian Seibt, Dominic Menger, Andre Wetzel, Emilia Madarasz, Rainer Schobert, Donat Koegel, Bernhard Biersack
Summary: The ester 2 of the fungal metabolite illudin M shows selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells and greater growth-promoting effects in neurons, making it a promising drug candidate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bob Biewer, Felix Kleine-Borgmann, Gael P. Hammer, Eric H. Rompen, Michel Mittelbronn, Pascale Quatresooz
Summary: This study evaluated the influence of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) on bone regeneration in irradiated and non-irradiated rabbit tibias with non-critical-size defects. The results showed that LIPUS treatment significantly improved bone formation in non-irradiated bones, while its effects on irradiated bones were less clear. Further studies are needed to refine the understanding of these results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Inka Berglar, Stephanie Hehlgans, Andrej Wehle, Caterina Roth, Christel Herold-Mende, Franz Roedel, Donat Koegel, Benedikt Linder
Summary: In this study, we investigated the role of CHRDL1 in glioma stem-like cells and found that depletion of CHRDL1 reduces stemness and enhances radiation sensitivity. Additionally, high expression of CHRDL1 may also serve as a marker protein for determining BMP4 susceptibility.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Anna C. Schleimer, Alain Frantz, Lorraine Richart, Joerg Mehnert, Gono Semiadi, Michel Wirdateti, Johanna Rode-Margono, Michel Mittelbronn, Stuart Young, Frank Drygala
Summary: This study demonstrates how biogeographic processes and human activities can significantly impact species conservation. The Bawean pig was found to have diverged at least 166 k years ago and is currently facing a small population size. Additionally, the Javan pig showed evidence of secondary contact with another pig species. Immediate action should be taken to protect both species.
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Bob Biewer, Eric Rompen, Michel Mittelbronn, Gael P. Hammer, Pascale Quatresooz, Felix Kleine Borgmann
Summary: This in vivo study examined the effect of minocycline-HCl administration and calvaria perforation on extra-skeletal bone generation. The results showed a continuous increase in tissue fill over time in all groups. The combination of minocycline-HCl administration and calvaria perforation resulted in the strongest tissue augmentation and the most mineralized tissue, indicating an enhancing effect on vertical bone augmentation.
Article
Oncology
Ernesto Gargiulo, Elodie Viry, Pablo Elias Morande, Anne Largeot, Susanne Gonder, Feng Xian, Nikolaos Ioannou, Mohaned Benzarti, Felix Bruno Kleine Borgmann, Michel Mittelbronn, Gunnar Dittmar, Petr Nazarov, Johannes Meiser, Basile Stamatopoulos, Alan G. Ramsay, Etienne Moussay, Jerome Paggetti
Summary: This study investigated the interactions between cancer cells and the microenvironment using mouse models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It found that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from CLL tissue contain specific miRNA and immune-checkpoint ligands, which alter the function and exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Blocking sEV biogenesis delayed CLL pathogenesis and high expression of sEV-related genes correlated with poor outcomes in CLL patients.
BLOOD CANCER DISCOVERY
(2023)