Shock and kill within the CNS: A promising HIV eradication approach?

Characterization of HIV-1 Infection in Microglia-Containing Human Cerebral Organoids

(2022) Stephanie B. H. Gumbs et al.   Viruses-Basel

Imaging Synaptic Density: The Next Holy Grail of Neuroscience?

(2022) Maria Elisa Serrano et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

Intact HIV Proviruses Persist in the Brain Despite Viral Suppression with ART

(2022) Catherine R. Cochrane et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Recruitment of the CoREST transcription repressor complexes by Nerve Growth factor IB-like receptor (Nurr1/NR4A2) mediates silencing of HIV in microglial cells

(2022) Fengchun Ye et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Latency Reversal 2.0: Giving the Immune System a Seat at the Table

(2021) Vidisha Singh et al.   Current HIV/AIDS Reports

Astrocytes are HIV reservoirs in the brain: a cell type with poor HIV‐infectivity and replication but efficient cell‐to‐cell viral transfer

(2021) Valdebenito Silvana et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Compartmentalization of cerebrospinal fluid inflammation across the spectrum of untreated HIV-1 infection, central nervous system injury and viral suppression

(2021) Magnus Gisslen et al.   PLoS One

Central Nervous System (CNS) Viral Seeding by Mature Monocytes and Potential Therapies To Reduce CNS Viral Reservoirs in the cART Era

(2021) Rosiris León-Rivera et al.   mBio

Development of a Novel In Vitro Primary Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Model To Study Reactivation of HIV-1 Transcription

(2021) Michelle E. Wong et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Ultradeep HIV-1 proviral envelope sequencing reveals complex population structure within and between brain and splenic tissues

(2021) Rebecca Rose et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research

(2021) Thomas A. Premeaux et al.   mBio

Stochastic pausing at latent HIV-1 promoters generates transcriptional bursting

(2021) Katjana Tantale et al.   Nature Communications

Cross-Talk of the CNS With Immune Cells and Functions in Health and Disease

(2021) Agata Matejuk et al.   Frontiers in Neurology

Neurotoxicity with high-dose disulfiram and vorinostat used for HIV latency reversal

(2021) James H. McMahon et al.   AIDS

T cell derived HIV-1 is present in the CSF in the face of suppressive antiretroviral therapy

(2021) Gila Lustig et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Cerebrospinal fluid CD4+ T cell infection in humans and macaques during acute HIV-1 and SHIV infection

(2021) Vishakha Sharma et al.   PLoS Pathogens

HIV persists throughout deep tissues with repopulation from multiple anatomical sources

(2020) Antoine Chaillon et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Insights into the Gene Expression Profiles of Active and Restricted Red/Green-HIV+ Human Astrocytes: Implications for Shock or Lock Therapies in the Brain

(2020) Venkata Viswanadh Edara et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Antiretroviral therapy alone versus antiretroviral therapy with a kick and kill approach, on measures of the HIV reservoir in participants with recent HIV infection (the RIVER trial): a phase 2, randomised trial

(2020) Sarah Fidler et al.   LANCET

Epigenetic crosstalk in chronic infection with HIV-1

(2020) Ulrike C Lange et al.   Seminars in Immunopathology

Current Status of Latency Reversing Agents Facing the Heterogeneity of HIV-1 Cellular and Tissue Reservoirs

(2020) Amina Ait-Ammar et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Untreated Patients Dying With AIDS Have Loss of Neocortical Neurons and Glia Cells

(2020) Sanne Simone Kaalund et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

HIV-1 infection and latency-reversing agents bryostatin-1 and JQ1 disrupt amyloid beta homeostasis in human astrocytes

(2020) Alizé Proust et al.   GLIA

Neuroinflammation and EIF2 Signaling Persist despite Antiretroviral Treatment in an hiPSC Tri-culture Model of HIV Infection

(2020) Sean K. Ryan et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Global prevalence and burden of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: a meta-analysis

(2020) Yunhe Wang et al.   NEUROLOGY

Modeling HIV-1 neuropathogenesis using three-dimensional human brain organoids (hBORGs) with HIV-1 infected microglia

(2020) Roberta S. dos Reis et al.   Scientific Reports

Comparative analysis of human microglial models for studies of HIV replication and pathogenesis

(2020) Mohammad A. Rai et al.   Retrovirology

PET imaging of microglia by targeting macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)

(2019) Andrew G. Horti et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A quantitative approach for measuring the reservoir of latent HIV-1 proviruses

(2019) Katherine M. Bruner et al.   NATURE

Genetic variation and function of the HIV-1 Tat protein

(2019) Cassandra Spector et al.   MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Cerebrospinal fluid viral escape in aviremic HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy

(2019) Ignacio Pérez-Valero et al.   AIDS

The impact of HIV CNS persistence on pathogenesis

(2019) Bruce J. Brew et al.   AIDS

What can characterization of CSF escape populations teach us about viral reservoirs in the CNS?

(2019) Sarah B. Joseph et al.   AIDS

Perspective on potential impact of HIV CNS latency on eradication

(2019) Phillip Chan et al.   AIDS

HIV “shock and kill” therapy: In need of revision

(2019) Erik Abner et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Strategies to eradicate HIV from infected patients: elimination of latent provirus reservoirs

(2019) Ivan Sadowski et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES

Persistent HIV-infected cells in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with poorer neurocognitive performance

(2019) Serena Spudich et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Seeing Is Believing: Nuclear Imaging of HIV Persistence

(2019) Timothy J. Henrich et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Diversity of small molecule HIV‐1 latency reversing agents identified in low‐ and high‐throughput small molecule screens

(2019) Pargol Hashemi et al.   MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS

HIV-1 Latency and Latency Reversal: Does Subtype Matter?

(2019) Indra Sarabia et al.   Viruses-Basel

HIV-1 Vpr mediates the depletion of the cellular repressor CTIP2 to counteract viral gene silencing

(2019) F. Forouzanfar et al.   Scientific Reports

Between a shock and a hard place: challenges and developments in HIV latency reversal

(2019) Jennifer M Zerbato et al.   Current Opinion in Virology

HIV-1 persistence in the central nervous system: viral and host determinants during antiretroviral therapy

(2019) EF Balcom et al.   Current Opinion in Virology

Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain

(2019) Clementine Wallet et al.   Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

New Challenges of HIV-1 Infection: How HIV-1 Attacks and Resides in the Central Nervous System

(2019) Victoria Rojas-Celis et al.   Cells

Brain macrophages harbor latent, infectious simian immunodeficiency virus

(2019) Celina Abreu et al.   AIDS

Presence of Tat and transactivation response element in spinal fluid despite antiretroviral therapy

(2019) Lisa J. Henderson et al.   AIDS

Cross-talk between microglia and neurons regulates HIV latency

(2019) David Alvarez-Carbonell et al.   PLoS Pathogens

The Role of Macrophages in HIV-1 Persistence and Pathogenesis

(2019) Zita Kruize et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Microglial activation is inversely associated with cognition in individuals living with HIV on effective antiretroviral therapy

(2018) Leah H. Rubin et al.   AIDS

Getting the “Kill” into “Shock and Kill”: Strategies to Eliminate Latent HIV

(2018) Youry Kim et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Impact of Antiretroviral Regimens on Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Escape in a Prospective Multicohort Study of Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1–Infected Adults in the United States

(2018) Shibani S Mukerji et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Longitudinal Trajectories of Brain Volume and Cortical Thickness in Treated and Untreated Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

(2018) Ryan Sanford et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Nanotechnology approaches to eradicating HIV reservoirs

(2018) Shijie Cao et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS

Astrocytes sustain long-term productive HIV-1 infection without establishment of reactivable viral latency

(2018) Corinne Barat et al.   GLIA

The Glucocorticoid Receptor Is a Critical Regulator of HIV Latency in Human Microglial Cells

(2018) David Alvarez-Carbonell et al.   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Host and Viral Factors Influencing Interplay between the Macrophage and HIV-1

(2018) Viviane Machado Andrade et al.   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Ultradeep single-molecule real-time sequencing of HIV envelope reveals complete compartmentalization of highly macrophage-tropic R5 proviral variants in brain and CXCR4-using variants in immune and peripheral tissues

(2018) Robin L. Brese et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

Resistance of HIV-infected macrophages to CD8+ T lymphocyte–mediated killing drives activation of the immune system

(2018) Kiera L. Clayton et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Molecular Signatures of HIV-1 Envelope Associated with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

(2018) Teresa H. Evering   Current HIV/AIDS Reports

Macrophages but not Astrocytes Harbor HIV DNA in the Brains of HIV-1-Infected Aviremic Individuals on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

(2018) Allen Ko et al.   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Brain is a potential sanctuary for subtype C HIV-1 irrespective of ART treatment outcome

(2018) For Yue Tso et al.   PLoS One

HIV-1 RNA Detected in the CNS after Years of Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Can Originate from a Replicating CNS Reservoir or Clonally Expanded Cells

(2018) Sarah B Joseph et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Risk Factors and Pathogenesis of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: The Role of Host Genetics

(2018) Ian Olivier et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Astrocytes as an HIV CNS reservoir: highlights and reflections of an NIMH-sponsored symposium

(2018) Lena Al-Harti et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

Tissue-resident memory T cells populate the human brain

(2018) Joost Smolders et al.   Nature Communications

Myeloid Cells in the Central Nervous System

(2017) Jasmin Herz et al.   IMMUNITY

Contrasting effect of the latency-reversing agents bryostatin-1 and JQ1 on astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation and brain neutrophil invasion

(2017) Alizé Proust et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Symptomatic cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 escape with no resistance-associated mutations following low-level plasma viremia

(2017) Mattia Trunfio et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

HIV-1 infection of microglial cells in a reconstituted humanized mouse model and identification of compounds that selectively reverse HIV latency

(2017) George N. Llewellyn et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

Identification of Emerging Macrophage-Tropic HIV-1 R5 Variants in Brain Tissue of AIDS Patients without Severe Neurological Complications

(2017) Maria Paz Gonzalez-Perez et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

HIV-1 Tat disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity and increases phagocytic perivascular macrophages and microglia in the dorsal striatum of transgenic mice

(2017) Crystal R. Leibrand et al.   NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS

Toll-like receptor 3 activation selectively reverses HIV latency in microglial cells

(2017) David Alvarez-Carbonell et al.   Retrovirology

Mechanisms of HIV persistence in HIV reservoirs

(2017) Mayibongwe L. Mzingwane et al.   REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY

An environment-dependent transcriptional network specifies human microglia identity

(2017) David Gosselin et al.   SCIENCE

Brain Macrophages in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected, Antiretroviral-Suppressed Macaques: a Functional Latent Reservoir

(2017) Claudia R. Avalos et al.   mBio

Mechanisms of CNS Viral Seeding by HIV + CD14 + CD16 + Monocytes: Establishment and Reseeding of Viral Reservoirs Contributing to HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

(2017) Mike Veenstra et al.   mBio

Astrocytes Resist HIV-1 Fusion but Engulf Infected Macrophage Material

(2017) Rebecca A. Russell et al.   Cell Reports

Delineating CD4 dependency of HIV-1: Adaptation to infect low level CD4 expressing target cells widens cellular tropism but severely impacts on envelope functionality

(2017) David Beauparlant et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Early Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated with Lower HIV DNA Molecular Diversity and Lower Inflammation in Cerebrospinal Fluid but Does Not Prevent the Establishment of Compartmentalized HIV DNA Populations

(2017) Michelli F. Oliveira et al.   PLoS Pathogens

The Molecular Basis for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Latency

(2017) Uri Mbonye et al.   Annual Review of Virology

Myeloid Cell Interaction with HIV: A Complex Relationship

(2017) Vasco Rodrigues et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Chronic low-level expression of HIV-1 Tat promotes a neurodegenerative phenotype with aging

(2017) Alex M. Dickens et al.   Scientific Reports

HIV-infected macrophages and microglia that survive acute infection become viral reservoirs by a mechanism involving Bim

(2017) Paul Castellano et al.   Scientific Reports

Immune Activation and HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV Controllers and Noncontrollers

(2016) Anupama Ganesh et al.   AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES

Characterizing primary human microglia: A comparative study with myeloid subsets and culture models

(2016) J. Melief et al.   GLIA

HIV-1 Latency-Reversing Agents Prostratin and Bryostatin-1 Induce Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption/Inflammation and Modulate Leukocyte Adhesion/Transmigration

(2016) Clélia Dental et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Asymptomatic Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV-1 Viral Blips and Viral Escape During Antiretroviral Therapy: A Longitudinal Study

(2016) Arvid Edén et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Toxicity and in vitro activity of HIV-1 latency-reversing agents in primary CNS cells

(2016) Lachlan R. Gray et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

Immortalization of primary microglia: a new platform to study HIV regulation in the central nervous system

(2016) Yoelvis Garcia-Mesa et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

Discordant CSF/plasma HIV-1 RNA in patients with unexplained low-level viraemia

(2016) Sam Nightingale et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

International AIDS Society global scientific strategy: towards an HIV cure 2016

(2016) Steven G Deeks et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Purification and Characterization of Progenitor and Mature Human Astrocytes Reveals Transcriptional and Functional Differences with Mouse

(2016) Ye Zhang et al.   NEURON

HIC1 controls cellular- and HIV-1- gene transcription via interactions with CTIP2 and HMGA1

(2016) Valentin Le Douce et al.   Scientific Reports

Targeting the Brain Reservoirs: Toward an HIV Cure

(2016) Céline Marban et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Barriers to HIV Cure

(2016) J. Stein et al.   HLA

Plasma Concentration of the Neurofilament Light Protein (NFL) is a Biomarker of CNS Injury in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study

(2016) Magnus Gisslén et al.   EBioMedicine

Role of the immune system in HIV-associated neuroinflammation and neurocognitive implications

(2015) Suzi Hong et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Genetic diversity and proviral DNA load in different neural compartments of HIV-1 subtype C infection

(2015) Mamata Mishra et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

Phenotypic Correlates of HIV-1 Macrophage Tropism

(2015) Kathryn T. Arrildt et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

CNS-specific regulatory elements in brain-derived HIV-1 strains affect responses to latency-reversing agents with implications for cure strategies

(2015) L R Gray et al.   MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY

Origin of Microglia: Current Concepts and Past Controversies

(2015) Florent Ginhoux et al.   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Bryostatin activates HIV-1 latent expression in human astrocytes through a PKC and NF-ĸB-dependent mechanism

(2015) Laura Díaz et al.   Scientific Reports

Compartmentalized Replication of R5 T Cell-Tropic HIV-1 in the Central Nervous System Early in the Course of Infection

(2015) Christa Buckheit Sturdevant et al.   PLoS Pathogens

An In-Depth Comparison of Latency-Reversing Agent Combinations in Various In Vitro and Ex Vivo HIV-1 Latency Models Identified Bryostatin-1+JQ1 and Ingenol-B+JQ1 to Potently Reactivate Viral Gene Expression

(2015) Gilles Darcis et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV Escape from Antiretroviral Therapy

(2015) Francesca Ferretti et al.   Current HIV/AIDS Reports

Neuropathogenesis of HIV: From Initial Neuroinvasion to HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

(2015) Zaina Zayyad et al.   Current HIV/AIDS Reports

Compartmentalization, Viral Evolution, and Viral Latency of HIV in the CNS

(2015) Maria M. Bednar et al.   Current HIV/AIDS Reports

A Novel Assay to Measure the Magnitude of the Inducible Viral Reservoir in HIV-infected Individuals

(2015) Francesco Andrea Procopio et al.   EBioMedicine

Activation of latent HIV by the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat: A pilot study to assess effects on the CNS

(2015) T. A. Rasmussen et al.   Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Autophagy Induction by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Inhibits HIV Type 1

(2014) Grant R. Campbell et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Translational challenges in targeting latent HIV infection and the CNS reservoir problem

(2014) Carolina Garrido et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

HIV-1 transcriptional regulation in the central nervous system and implications for HIV cure research

(2014) Melissa J. Churchill et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

HIV-1 target cells in the CNS

(2014) Sarah B. Joseph et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

Cerebral metabolite changes prior to and after antiretroviral therapy in primary HIV infection

(2014) A. C. Young et al.   NEUROLOGY

Glial Development: The Crossroads of Regeneration and Repair in the CNS

(2014) Vittorio Gallo et al.   NEURON

Central Nervous System Regenerative Failure: Role of Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Microglia

(2014) Jerry Silver et al.   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Is the central nervous system a reservoir of HIV-1?

(2014) Lachlan R. Gray et al.   Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

Cerebrospinal Fluid and Neuroimaging Biomarker Abnormalities Suggest Early Neurological Injury in a Subset of Individuals During Primary HIV Infection

(2013) M. J. Peluso et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin decay characteristics after initiation of antiretroviral therapy

(2013) Aylin Yilmaz et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Epigenetic Regulation of HIV-1 Latency in Astrocytes

(2013) S. D. Narasipura et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Quantification of Entry Phenotypes of Macrophage-Tropic HIV-1 across a Wide Range of CD4 Densities

(2013) S. B. Joseph et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Molecular and pathologic insights from latent HIV-1 infection in the human brain

(2013) P. Desplats et al.   NEUROLOGY

Where does HIV hide? A focus on the central nervous system

(2013) Melissa Churchill et al.   Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

Cerebrospinal fluid HIV escape associated with progressive neurologic dysfunction in patients on antiretroviral therapy with well controlled plasma viral load

(2012) Michael J. Peluso et al.   AIDS

Reduced Basal Transcriptional Activity of Central Nervous System-Derived HIV Type 1 Long Terminal Repeats

(2012) Lachlan R. Gray et al.   AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES

Independent Effects of HIV, Aging, and HAART on Brain Volumetric Measures

(2012) Beau M. Ances et al.   JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

Central Nervous System Viral Invasion and Inflammation During Acute HIV Infection

(2012) Victor Valcour et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Inflammatory monocytes and the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis

(2012) Rachael L Terry et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Immune surveillance in the central nervous system

(2012) Shalina S Ousman et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Change in Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy after Treatment during Acute HIV Infection

(2012) Napapon Sailasuta et al.   PLoS One

Brain Cell Reservoirs of Latent Virus in Presymptomatic HIV-Infected Individuals

(2011) Katherine A. Thompson et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

HIV-1 Tat protein increases the permeability of brain endothelial cells by both inhibiting occludin expression and cleaving occludin via matrix metalloproteinase-9

(2011) Ruifen Xu et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

LSD1 cooperates with CTIP2 to promote HIV-1 transcriptional silencing

(2011) V. Le Douce et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

HIV-1 Replication in the Central Nervous System Occurs in Two Distinct Cell Types

(2011) Gretja Schnell et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Discordance Between Cerebral Spinal Fluid and Plasma HIV Replication in Patients with Neurological Symptoms Who Are Receiving Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

(2010) Ana Canestri et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Therapy Failure following Selection of Enfuvirtide‐Resistant HIV‐1 in Cerebrospinal Fluid

(2010) S. F. L. van Lelyveld et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Genetic and functional heterogeneity of CNS-derived tat alleles from patients with HIV-associated dementia

(2010) Daniel Cowley et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

Reliability and validity of MRI-based automated volumetry software relative to auto-assisted manual measurement of subcortical structures in HIV-infected patients from a multisite study

(2010) Jeffrey Dewey et al.   NEUROIMAGE

Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence in the monocyte-macrophage lineage

(2010) Valentin Le Douce et al.   Retrovirology

Cross-sectional characterization of HIV-1 env compartmentalization in cerebrospinal fluid over the full disease course

(2009) Patrick R Harrington et al.   AIDS

Extensive astrocyte infection is prominent in human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia

(2009) Melissa J. Churchill et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Circulating Monocytes in HIV-1-Infected Viremic Subjects Exhibit an Antiapoptosis Gene Signature and Virus- and Host-Mediated Apoptosis Resistance

(2009) M. S. Giri et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Compartmentalization and Clonal Amplification of HIV-1 Variants in the Cerebrospinal Fluid during Primary Infection

(2009) G. Schnell et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

A Coat of Many Colors: Neuroimmune Crosstalk in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

(2009) Stephanie D. Kraft-Terry et al.   NEURON