Strategies for controlling the innate immune activity of conventional and self-amplifying mRNA therapeutics: Getting the message across

A noninflammatory mRNA vaccine for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2021) Christina Krienke et al.   SCIENCE

Vaccinia Virus Protein B18R: Influence on mRNA Immunogenicity and Translation upon Non-Viral Delivery in Different Ocular Cell Types

(2021) An-Katrien Minnaert et al.   Pharmaceutics

Immune Responses Induced by mRNA Vaccination in Mice, Monkeys and Humans

(2021) Alberto Cagigi et al.   Vaccines

mRNA-encoded, constitutively active STINGV155M is a potent genetic adjuvant of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response

(2021) Sze-Wah Tse et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

An Update on Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccine Development

(2021) Anna K. Blakney et al.   Vaccines

The dawn of mRNA vaccines: The COVID-19 case

(2021) Rein Verbeke et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Clinical and immunological effects of mRNA vaccines in malignant diseases

(2021) Annkristin Heine et al.   Molecular Cancer

The challenge and prospect of mRNA therapeutics landscape

(2020) Yuhua Weng et al.   BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES

Synthesis of low immunogenicity RNA with high-temperature in vitro transcription

(2020) Monica Z. Wu et al.   RNA

Nanomedicines to Deliver mRNA: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

(2020) Itziar Gómez-Aguado et al.   Nanomaterials

TriMix and tumor antigen mRNA electroporated dendritic cell vaccination plus ipilimumab: link between T-cell activation and clinical responses in advanced melanoma

(2020) Brenda De Keersmaecker et al.   Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination with Ex Vivo RNA-Transfected Dendritic Cells—An Update

(2020) Jan Dörrie et al.   Pharmaceutics

Naturally occurring modified ribonucleosides

(2020) Phillip J. McCown et al.   Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-RNA

Recent advances in mRNA vaccine technology

(2020) Norbert Pardi et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY

Self-Amplifying RNA Viruses as RNA Vaccines

(2020) Kenneth Lundstrom   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

An RNA vaccine drives immunity in checkpoint-inhibitor-treated melanoma

(2020) Ugur Sahin et al.   NATURE

Impact of mRNA chemistry and manufacturing process on innate immune activation

(2020) Jennifer Nelson et al.   Science Advances

Self-amplifying RNA vaccines for infectious diseases

(2020) Kristie Bloom et al.   GENE THERAPY

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Foster Potent Antigen-Specific Germinal Center Responses Associated with Neutralizing Antibody Generation

(2020) Katlyn Lederer et al.   IMMUNITY

Innate Inhibiting Proteins Enhance Expression and Immunogenicity of Self-Amplifying RNA

(2020) Anna K. Blakney et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

An Annis Mirabilis for the Molecular Therapy Journal Family

(2020) Robert M. Frederickson et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine

(2020) Fernando P. Polack et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Nanoparticles as Adjuvants and Nanodelivery Systems for mRNA-Based Vaccines

(2020) Iman M. Alfagih et al.   Pharmaceutics

Small molecule ISRIB suppresses the integrated stress response within a defined window of activation

(2019) Huib H. Rabouw et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

mRNA as a Transformative Technology for Vaccine Development to Control Infectious Diseases

(2019) Giulietta Maruggi et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Delivering the Messenger: Advances in Technologies for Therapeutic mRNA Delivery

(2019) Piotr S. Kowalski et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

The role of type I interferons in CD4+ T cell differentiation

(2019) Mirela Kuka et al.   IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS

Inhibition of the Inflammatory Pathway Enhances Both the in Vitro and in Vivo Transfection Activity of Exogenous in Vitro-Transcribed mRNAs Delivered by Lipid Nanoparticles

(2019) Takara Ohto et al.   BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

RNA Epitranscriptome: Role of the 5' Cap

(2019) Anton P. McCaffrey   Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News

Efficient reduction of synthetic mRNA induced immune activation by simultaneous delivery of B18R encoding mRNA

(2019) Tatjana Michel et al.   Journal of Biological Engineering

Optimization of Lipid Nanoparticles for Intramuscular Administration of mRNA Vaccines

(2019) Kimberly J. Hassett et al.   Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids

A Facile Method for the Removal of dsRNA Contaminant from In Vitro-Transcribed mRNA

(2019) Markus Baiersdörfer et al.   Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids

Fine-Tuning of Type I Interferon Response by STAT3

(2019) Ming-Hsun Tsai et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

A Modified mRNA Vaccine Targeting Immunodominant NS Epitopes Protects Against Dengue Virus Infection in HLA Class I Transgenic Mice

(2019) Claude Roth et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

ADAR1: “Editor-in-Chief” of Cytoplasmic Innate Immunity

(2019) Mart M. Lamers et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Non-viral delivery of chemically modified mRNA to the retina: Subretinal versus intravitreal administration

(2019) Joke Devoldere et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

A trans-amplifying RNA vaccine strategy for induction of potent protective immunity

(2019) Tim Beissert et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Three decades of messenger RNA vaccine development

(2019) Rein Verbeke et al.   Nano Today

Efficient inhibition of RNA self-primed extension by addition of competing 3′-capture DNA-improved RNA synthesis by T7 RNA polymerase

(2019) Yasaman Gholamalipour et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

LGP2 binds to PACT to regulate RIG-I– and MDA5-mediated antiviral responses

(2019) Raul Y. Sanchez David et al.   Science Signaling

Immunogenicity and Protection Efficacy of a Naked Self-Replicating mRNA-Based Zika Virus Vaccine

(2019) Zifu Zhong et al.   Vaccines

mRNA structure regulates protein expression through changes in functional half-life

(2019) David M. Mauger et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Tailoring mRNA Vaccine to Balance Innate/Adaptive Immune Response

(2019) Sergio Linares-Fernández et al.   TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Therapeutic Vaccine in Chronically HIV-1-Infected Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Trial with HTI-TriMix

(2019) Wesley de Jong et al.   Vaccines

Codon Optimization in the Production of Recombinant Biotherapeutics: Potential Risks and Considerations

(2018) Vincent P. Mauro   BIODRUGS

Purification of mRNA encoding chimeric antigen receptor is critical for generation of robust T cell response

(2018) Jessica Bobula Foster et al.   HUMAN GENE THERAPY

Expression of the vaccinia virus anti-apoptotic F1 protein is blocked by PKR in the absence of the viral E3 protein.

(2018) Ninad Mehta et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Comparison of the Expression Kinetics and Immunostimulatory Activity of Replicating mRNA, Nonreplicating mRNA, and pDNA after Intradermal Electroporation in Pigs

(2018) Bregje Leyman et al.   MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS

Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines Give Equivalent Protection against Influenza to mRNA Vaccines but at Much Lower Doses

(2018) Annette B. Vogel et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology

(2018) Norbert Pardi et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

An origin of the immunogenicity of in vitro transcribed RNA

(2018) Xin Mu et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Modulation of mRNA Translation and Cell Viability by Influenza A Virus Derived Nonstructural Protein 1

(2018) Yi Liu et al.   Nucleic Acid Therapeutics

Uridine Depletion and Chemical Modification Increase Cas9 mRNA Activity and Reduce Immunogenicity without HPLC Purification

(2018) Sriram Vaidyanathan et al.   Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids

3′ end additions by T7 RNA polymerase are RNA self-templated, distributive and diverse in character—RNA-Seq analyses

(2018) Yasaman Gholamalipour et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Phase I clinical trial of an intranodally administered mRNA based therapeutic vaccine against HIV-1 infection

(2018) Lorna Leal et al.   AIDS

Improving mRNA-Based Therapeutic Gene Delivery by Expression-Augmenting 3′ UTRs Identified by Cellular Library Screening

(2018) Alexandra G. Orlandini von Niessen et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

mRNA therapeutics deliver a hopeful message

(2018) Zifu Zhong et al.   Nano Today

Mechanism of action of mRNA-based vaccines

(2017) Carlo Iavarone et al.   Expert Review of Vaccines

Improvement of In Vivo Expression of Genes Delivered by Self-Amplifying RNA Using Vaccinia Virus Immune Evasion Proteins

(2017) Tim Beissert et al.   HUMAN GENE THERAPY

The molecular basis for differential type I interferon signaling

(2017) Gideon Schreiber   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Co-delivery of nucleoside-modified mRNA and TLR agonists for cancer immunotherapy: Restoring the immunogenicity of immunosilent mRNA

(2017) Rein Verbeke et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Induction of an IFN-Mediated Antiviral Response by a Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccine: Implications for Vaccine Design

(2017) Timothy Pepini et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Codon optimality, bias and usage in translation and mRNA decay

(2017) Gavin Hanson et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Short poly(A) tails are a conserved feature of highly expressed genes

(2017) Sarah Azoubel Lima et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Type I Interferons Modulate CD8 + T Cell Immunity to mRNA Vaccines

(2017) Ans De Beuckelaer et al.   TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Alphavirus polymerase and RNA replication

(2017) Maija K. Pietilä et al.   VIRUS RESEARCH

Short poly(A) tails are a conserved feature of highly expressed genes

(2017) Sarah Azoubel Lima et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

RNA Interference-Induced Innate Immunity, Off-Target Effect, or Immune Adjuvant?

(2017) Zhongji Meng et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Tools for translation: non-viral materials for therapeutic mRNA delivery

(2017) Khalid A. Hajj et al.   Nature Reviews Materials

Recombinant Vaccinia virus-coded interferon inhibitor B18R: Expression, refolding and a use in a mammalian expression system with a RNA-vector

(2017) Yuriy G. Kim et al.   PLoS One

Preclinical evaluation of an mRNA HIV vaccine combining rationally selected antigenic sequences and adjuvant signals (HTI-TriMix)

(2016) Alberto C. Guardo et al.   AIDS

Efficacy and immunogenicity of unmodified and pseudouridine-modified mRNA delivered systemically with lipid nanoparticles in vivo

(2016) Kevin J. Kauffman et al.   BIOMATERIALS

Evading innate immunity in nonviral mRNA delivery: don’t shoot the messenger

(2016) Joke Devoldere et al.   DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY

Phase II Study of Autologous Monocyte-Derived mRNA Electroporated Dendritic Cells (TriMixDC-MEL) Plus Ipilimumab in Patients With Pretreated Advanced Melanoma

(2016) Sofie Wilgenhof et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Type I Interferons Interfere with the Capacity of mRNA Lipoplex Vaccines to Elicit Cytolytic T Cell Responses

(2016) Ans De Beuckelaer et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Lipid Nanoparticle Assisted mRNA Delivery for Potent Cancer Immunotherapy

(2016) Matthias A. Oberli et al.   NANO LETTERS

Systemic RNA delivery to dendritic cells exploits antiviral defence for cancer immunotherapy

(2016) Lena M. Kranz et al.   NATURE

mRNA capping: biological functions and applications

(2016) Anand Ramanathan et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Sustained antigen availability during germinal center initiation enhances antibody responses to vaccination

(2016) Hok Hei Tam et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Structural basis for m7G recognition and 2′-O-methyl discrimination in capped RNAs by the innate immune receptor RIG-I

(2016) Swapnil C. Devarkar et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Translational control by 5'-untranslated regions of eukaryotic mRNAs

(2016) A. G. Hinnebusch et al.   SCIENCE

Alphavirus Infection: Host Cell Shut-Off and Inhibition of Antiviral Responses

(2016) Jelke Fros et al.   Viruses-Basel

Strategies for modulating innate immune activation and protein production of in vitro transcribed mRNAs

(2016) Kristin H. Loomis et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry B

pEVL: A Linear Plasmid for Generating mRNA IVT Templates With Extended Encoded Poly(A) Sequences

(2016) Alexandra E Grier et al.   Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids

Particle-mediated Intravenous Delivery of Antigen mRNA Results in Strong Antigen-specific T-cell Responses Despite the Induction of Type I Interferon

(2016) Katrijn Broos et al.   Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids

Efficient Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts and Blood-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Using Nonmodified RNA for Reprogramming and Immune Evasion

(2015) Marco Alexander Poleganov et al.   HUMAN GENE THERAPY

A Conserved Histidine in the RNA Sensor RIG-I Controls Immune Tolerance to N1-2′O-Methylated Self RNA

(2015) Christine Schuberth-Wagner et al.   IMMUNITY

N 1 -methylpseudouridine-incorporated mRNA outperforms pseudouridine-incorporated mRNA by providing enhanced protein expression and reduced immunogenicity in mammalian cell lines and mice

(2015) Oliwia Andries et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Alphavirus RNA synthesis and non-structural protein functions

(2015) Jonathan C. Rupp et al.   JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY

Bacterial RNA: An Underestimated Stimulus for Innate Immune Responses

(2015) Tatjana Eigenbrod et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

HIV-1–Triggered Release of Type I IFN by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induces BAFF Production in Monocytes

(2015) Alejandro M. Gomez et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

mRNA: Fulfilling the Promise of Gene Therapy

(2015) Drew Weissman et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Sequence-engineered mRNA Without Chemical Nucleoside Modifications Enables an Effective Protein Therapy in Large Animals

(2015) Andreas Thess et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

In vivo genome editing using nuclease-encoding mRNA corrects SP-B deficiency

(2015) Azita J Mahiny et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Synthetic mRNAs for manipulating cellular phenotypes: an overview

(2015) Elgar Susanne Quabius et al.   New Biotechnology

The Activation Mechanism of 2′-5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase Gives New Insights Into OAS/cGAS Triggers of Innate Immunity

(2015) Jan Lohöfener et al.   STRUCTURE

Functions of the influenza A virus NS1 protein in antiviral defense

(2015) Robert M Krug   Current Opinion in Virology

Inhibition of the OAS/RNase L pathway by viruses

(2015) Melissa Drappier et al.   Current Opinion in Virology

Mechanisms of immune system activation in mammalians by small interfering RNA (siRNA)

(2015) Behzad Mansoori et al.   Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology

Interferon-Stimulated Genes: A Complex Web of Host Defenses

(2014) William M. Schneider et al.   Annual Review of Immunology

Induction of the cellular miR-29c by influenza virus inhibits the innate immune response through protection of A20 mRNA

(2014) Xiaoyang Zhang et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Nucleic acid vaccines: prospects for non-viral delivery of mRNA vaccines

(2014) Raquel P Deering et al.   Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

mRNA-based dendritic cell vaccines

(2014) Daphné Benteyn et al.   Expert Review of Vaccines

Differential Kinetics of Antigen Dependency of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells

(2014) H. Rabenstein et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

A Cationic Nanoemulsion for the Delivery of Next-generation RNA Vaccines

(2014) Luis A Brito et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Nanoparticle design to induce tumor immunity and challenge the suppressive tumor microenvironment

(2014) Heleen Dewitte et al.   Nano Today

Messenger RNA (mRNA) nanoparticle tumour vaccination

(2014) Kyle K. L. Phua et al.   Nanoscale

mRNA-based therapeutics — developing a new class of drugs

(2014) Ugur Sahin et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Rapid and Efficient Conversion of Integration-Free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to GMP-Grade Culture Conditions

(2014) Jens Durruthy-Durruthy et al.   PLoS One

A sharp T-cell antigen receptor signaling threshold for T-cell proliferation

(2014) B. B. Au-Yeung et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Determinants and implications of mRNA poly(A) tail size – Does this protein make my tail look big?

(2014) Aimee L. Jalkanen et al.   SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

A critical analysis of codon optimization in human therapeutics

(2014) Vincent P. Mauro et al.   TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE

A phase IB study on intravenous synthetic mRNA electroporated dendritic cell immunotherapy in pretreated advanced melanoma patients

(2013) S. Wilgenhof et al.   ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY

Efficient Generation of Human iPSCs by a Synthetic Self-Replicative RNA

(2013) Naohisa Yoshioka et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Antigen Availability Determines CD8+ T Cell-Dendritic Cell Interaction Kinetics and Memory Fate Decisions

(2013) Sarah E. Henrickson et al.   IMMUNITY

Vaccinia virus immune evasion: mechanisms, virulence and immunogenicity

(2013) G. L. Smith et al.   JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY

Production of pure and functional RNA for in vitro reconstitution experiments

(2013) Franziska Theresia Edelmann et al.   METHODS

Modified mRNA directs the fate of heart progenitor cells and induces vascular regeneration after myocardial infarction

(2013) Lior Zangi et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

IFN-β-specific signaling via a unique IFNAR1 interaction

(2013) Surinder Kaur et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Structural basis of a unique interferon-β signaling axis mediated via the receptor IFNAR1

(2013) Nicole A de Weerd et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Reprogramming human fibroblasts to pluripotency using modified mRNA

(2013) Pankaj K Mandal et al.   Nature Protocols

Strong anion-exchange fast performance liquid chromatography as a versatile tool for preparation and purification of RNA produced by in vitro transcription

(2013) J. Koubek et al.   RNA

RNA: The new revolution in nucleic acid vaccines

(2013) Andrew J. Geall et al.   SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Challenges and advances towards the rational design of mRNA vaccines

(2013) Charlotte Pollard et al.   TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE

BAY11 enhances OCT4 synthetic mRNA expression in adult human skin cells

(2013) Jason P Awe et al.   Stem Cell Research & Therapy

A novel, disruptive vaccination technology

(2013) Karl-Josef Kallen et al.   Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

The cytotoxic and immunogenic hurdles associated with non-viral mRNA-mediated reprogramming of human fibroblasts

(2012) Katharina Drews et al.   BIOMATERIALS

Activation of Innate Immunity Is Required for Efficient Nuclear Reprogramming

(2012) Jieun Lee et al.   CELL

Regulation of eukaryotic gene expression by the untranslated gene regions and other non-coding elements

(2012) Lucy W. Barrett et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES

Influenza A virus-encoded NS1 virulence factor protein inhibits innate immune response by targeting IKK

(2012) Shijuan Gao et al.   CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY

mRNA as a Versatile Tool for Exogenous Protein Expression

(2012) Andreas N. Kuhn et al.   CURRENT GENE THERAPY

Increased Erythropoiesis in Mice Injected With Submicrogram Quantities of Pseudouridine-containing mRNA Encoding Erythropoietin

(2012) Katalin Karikó et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

RNAimmuno: A database of the nonspecific immunological effects of RNA interference and microRNA reagents

(2012) M. Olejniczak et al.   RNA

Feeder-Free Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Messenger RNA

(2012) Luigi Warren et al.   Scientific Reports

The influenza virus PB1-F2 protein has interferon antagonistic activity

(2011) Sabine E. Dudek et al.   BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Expression of therapeutic proteins after delivery of chemically modified mRNA in mice

(2011) Michael S D Kormann et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Ribose 2′-O-methylation provides a molecular signature for the distinction of self and non-self mRNA dependent on the RNA sensor Mda5

(2011) Roland Züst et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Enforced viral replication activates adaptive immunity and is essential for the control of a cytopathic virus

(2011) Nadine Honke et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Generating the optimal mRNA for therapy: HPLC purification eliminates immune activation and improves translation of nucleoside-modified, protein-encoding mRNA

(2011) Katalin Karikó et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Nucleoside modifications in RNA limit activation of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and increase resistance to cleavage by RNase L

(2011) B. R. Anderson et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Molecular Insights into Reprogramming-Initiation Events Mediated by the OSKM Gene Regulatory Network

(2011) Nancy Mah et al.   PLoS One

The Influenza Virus Protein PB1-F2 Inhibits the Induction of Type I Interferon at the Level of the MAVS Adaptor Protein

(2011) Zsuzsanna T. Varga et al.   PLoS Pathogens

A Role for Codon Order in Translation Dynamics

(2010) Gina Cannarozzi et al.   CELL

Highly Efficient Reprogramming to Pluripotency and Directed Differentiation of Human Cells with Synthetic Modified mRNA

(2010) Luigi Warren et al.   Cell Stem Cell

A method for stabilizing RNA for transfection that allows control of expression duration

(2010) Toshinori Hayashi et al.   DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS

dsRNA and the innate antiviral immune response

(2010) Stephanie J DeWitte-Orr et al.   Future Virology

Influenza A Virus Protein PB1-F2 Exacerbates IFN-  Expression of Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells

(2010) R. Le Goffic et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

A Single N66S Mutation in the PB1-F2 Protein of Influenza A Virus Increases Virulence by Inhibiting the Early Interferon Response In Vivo

(2010) G. M. Conenello et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

2′-O methylation of the viral mRNA cap evades host restriction by IFIT family members

(2010) Stephane Daffis et al.   NATURE

Incorporation of pseudouridine into mRNA enhances translation by diminishing PKR activation

(2010) Bart R. Anderson et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Innate Immune Suppression Enables Frequent Transfection with RNA Encoding Reprogramming Proteins

(2010) Matthew Angel et al.   PLoS One

Rapid, nondenaturing RNA purification using weak anion-exchange fast performance liquid chromatography

(2010) L. E. Easton et al.   RNA

Control of poly(A) tail length

(2010) Christian R. Eckmann et al.   Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-RNA

Role of 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions of mRNAs in human diseases

(2009) Sangeeta Chatterjee et al.   BIOLOGY OF THE CELL

Dendritic cells require a systemic type I interferon response to mature and induce CD4+Th1 immunity with poly IC as adjuvant

(2009) M. Paula Longhi et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

The Interferon System and Vaccinia Virus Evasion Mechanisms

(2009) Beatriz Perdiguero et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH

Activation of innate immune antiviral responses by Nod2

(2009) Ahmed Sabbah et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Results of the First Phase I/II Clinical Vaccination Trial With Direct Injection of mRNA

(2008) Benjamin Weide et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY

Incorporation of Pseudouridine Into mRNA Yields Superior Nonimmunogenic Vector With Increased Translational Capacity and Biological Stability

(2008) Katalin Karikó et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Innate immunity induced by composition-dependent RIG-I recognition of hepatitis C virus RNA

(2008) Takeshi Saito et al.   NATURE

Nucleoside modifications modulate activation of the protein kinase PKR in an RNA structure-specific manner

(2008) S. R. Nallagatla et al.   RNA