Top 100 Landmark Articles

as indexed by Google Scholar

Rank Articles Citations
1 Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 Authors: Laemmli, U. K. Journal: Nature (1970); DOI: 10.1038/227680a0; 223131
2 Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Authors: Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J. Journal: J. Biol. Chem. (1951); 192710
3 Rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing principle of protein-dye binding. Authors: Bradford, M. M. Journal: Anal. Biochem. (1976); DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3; 190309
4 A mathematical theory of communication Authors: Shannon, C. E. Journal: Bell Syst. Tech. J. (1948); 69273
5 DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Authors: Sanger. F., Nicklen, S. & Couslon, A. R. Journal: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (1977); DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.74.12.5463; 64031
6 Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate phenol chloroform extraction. Authors: Chomczynski, P., Sacchi, N. Journal: Anal. Biochem. (1987); DOI: 10.1006/Abio.1987.9999; 62344
7 Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange. Authors: Becke, A. D Journal: J. Chem. Phys. (1993); DOI: 10.1063/1.464913; 56923
8 Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density. Authors: Lee. C., Yang, W. & Parr, R. G. Journal: Phys. Rev. B (1988); DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.37.785; 54365
9 A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Authors: Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. Journal: Physiol. Plant. (1962); DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x; 53696
10 Mini-mental state — practical method for grading cognitive state of patients for clinician. Authors: Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. & McHugh, P. R. Journal: J. Psychiatr. Res. (1975); DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6; 53423
11 Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs. Authors: Altschul, S. F. et al. Journal: Nucleic Acids Res. (1997); DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.17.3389; 52605
12 Basic local alignment search tool. Authors: Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D. J. Journal: J. Mol. Biol. (1990); DOI: 10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2; 52314
13 Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets — procedure and some applications. Authors: Towbin, H., Staehelin, T. & Gordon, J. Journal: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (1979); DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350; 51144
14 Fuzzy sets. Authors: Zadeh, L. A. Journal: Inform. Control (1965); DOI: 10.1016/S0019-9958(65)90241-X; 51952
15 Clustal-w — improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Authors: Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J Journal: Nucleic Acids Res. (1994); DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.22.4673; 47523
16 A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. Authors: Folch, J., Lees, M. & Stanley, G. H. S. Journal: J. Biol. Chem. (1957); 47478
17 A short history of SHELX. Authors: Sheldrick, G. M. Journal: Acta Crystallogr. A (2008); DOI: 10.1107/S0108767307043930; 48057
18 The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological-research — conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Authors: Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. Journal: J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. (1986); DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173; 46566
19 shelxs97 and shelxl97 Authors: Sheldrick,George M; Journal: ? (1997); 45169
20 Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Authors: Kaplan, E. L. & Meier, P. Journal: J. Am. Stat. Assoc. (1958); DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452; 44393
21 Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and ownership structure Authors: Jensen, M. C. & Meckling, W. H. Journal: J. Financ. Econ. (1976); 45119
22 Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Authors: Perdew, J. P., Burke, K. & Ernzerhof, M. Journal: Phys. Rev. Lett. (1996); DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865; 44171
23 Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(T)(-Delta Delta C) method. Authors: Livak, K. J. & Schmittgen, T. D. Journal: Methods (2001); DOI: 10.1006/meth.2001.1262; 41056
24 Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via EM algorithm. Authors: Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M. & Rubin, D. B. Journal: J. R. Stat. Soc., B (1977); 38923
25 Regression models and life-tables. Authors: Cox, D. R. Journal: J. R. Stat. Soc., B (1972); 37936
26 The neighbor-joining method — a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Authors: Saitou, N. & Nei, M. Journal: Mol. Biol. Evol. (1987); 37613
27 A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Authors: Bligh, E. G. & Dyer, W. J. Journal: Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. (1959); DOI: 10.1139/o59-099; 36192
28 Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage Authors: Barney, J. Journal: J. Mgmt (1991); 36291
29 Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Authors: Iijima, S. Journal: Nature (1991); DOI: 10.1038/354056a0; 34276
30 Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects. Authors: Kohn, W. & Sham, L. J. Journal: Phys. Rev. (1965); DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133; 33691
31 Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel-electrophoresis. Authors: Southern, E. M. Journal: J. Mol. Biol. (1975); DOI: 10.1016/S0022-2836(75)80083-0; 32041
32 Optimization by simulated annealing. Authors: Kirkpatrick. S., Gelatt, C. D. & Vecchi, M. P. Journal: Science (1983); DOI: 10.1126/science.220.4598.671; 32284
33 Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival — application to proliferation and cyto-toxicity assays. Authors: Mosmann, T. Journal: J. Immunol. Methods (1983); DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4; 31998
34 Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Authors: Bandura, A. Journal: Psychol. Rev. (1977); 31755
35 The CLUSTAL_X Windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Authors: Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D. G. Journal: Nucleic Acids Res. (1997); DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.24.4876; 30937
36 Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Authors: Shannon, R. D. Journal: Acta Crystallogr. A (1976); DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551; 30948
37 Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases Authors: Tversky, A. & Kahneman, D. Journal: Science (1974); 30773
38 Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange. Authors: Becke, A. D Journal: J. Chem. Phys. (1993); DOI: 10.1063/1.464913; 30854
39 Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Authors: DuBois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A. & Smith, F. Journal: Anal. Chem. (1956); DOI: 10.1021/ac60111a017; 30419
40 Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk Authors: Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. Journal: Econometrica (1979); 30531
41 Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Authors: Bland, J. M. & Altman, D. G. Journal: Lancet (1986); DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90837-8; 30121
42 Inhomogeneous electron gas. Authors: Hohenberg, P. & Kohn, W. Journal: Phys. Rev. B (1964); DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.136.B864; 29754
43 The strength of weak ties Authors: Granovetter,Mark S; Journal: American journal of sociology (1973); 29574
44 Equation of state calculations by fast computing machines. Authors: Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A. W., Rosenbluth, M. N., Teller, A. H. & Teller, E. Journal: J. Chem. Phys. (1953); DOI: 10.1063/1.1699114; 27958
45 The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Authors: Radloff, L. S.  Journal: Appl. Psychol. Meas. (1977); DOI: 10.1177/014662167700100306; 28029
46 The nature of the firm Authors: Coase, R. H. Journal: Economica (1937); 27676
47 Processing of X-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation mode. Authors: Otwinowski, Z & Minor, W. Journal: Method. Enzymol. A (1997); DOI: 10.1016/S0076-6879(97)76066-X; 27088
48 The theory of planned behavior Authors: Ajzen, I. Journal: Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. (1991); 28305
49 The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. Authors: DiMaggio, P. J. & Powell, W. W. Journal: Am. Sociol. Rev. (1983); 27051
50 Building theories from case study research Authors: Eisenhardt, K. M. Journal: Acad. Manage. Rev. (1989); 27252
51 Confidence limits on phylogenies — an approach using the bootstrap Authors: Felsenstein, J. Journal: Evolution (1985); DOI: 10.2307/2408678; 26129
52 Measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Authors: Landis, J. R. & Koch, G. G. Journal: Biometrics (1977); DOI: 10.2307/2529310; 26723
53 Social capital in the creation of human capital Authors: Coleman, J. S. Journal: Am. J. Sociol. (1988); 26559
54 An inventory for measuring depression. Authors: Beck, A. T., Erbaugh, J., Ward, C. H., Mock, J. & Mendelsohn, M. Journal: Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1961); DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004; 25997
55 The pricing of options and corporate liabilities Authors: Black, F. & Scholes, M. Journal: J. Polit. Econ. (1973); 25676
56 Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. Authors: Granovetter, M. Journal: Am. J. Sociol. (1985); 25536
57 Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints Authors: Lowe, D. G. Journal: Int. J. Comput. Vis. (2004); 26229
58 New look at statistical-model identification. Authors: Akaike, H. Journal: IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. (1974); DOI: 10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705; 25248
59 The tragedy of the commons Authors: Hardin, G. Journal: Science (1968); 24637
60 The problem of social cost. Authors: Coase, R. H Journal: J. Law Econ. (1960); 24113
61 Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Authors: Engle, R. F. & Granger, C. W. J. Journal: Econometrica (1987); 23791
62 MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Authors: Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. Journal: Mol. Biol. Evol. (2007); DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msm092; 23730
63 Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks. Authors: Watts, D. J. & Strogatz, S. H. Journal: Nature (1998); 23846
64 Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests Authors: Cronbach, L. J. Journal: Psychometrika (1951); 23719
65 Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation Authors: Cohen, W. M. & Levinthal, D. A. Journal: Adm. Sci. Q. (1990); 23480
66 Controlling the false discovery rate — a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Authors: Benjamini, Y. & Hochberg, Y. Journal: J. R. Stat. Soc. B (1995); 23923
67 Atherosclerosis — an inflammatory disease. Authors: Ross, R. Journal: N. Engl. J. Med. (1999); DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199901143400207; 22316
68 Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set. Authors: Kresse, G. & Furthmuller, J Journal: Phys. Rev. B (1996); DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169; 23043
69 An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. Authors: Marquardt, D. W. Journal: J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. (1963); DOI: 10.1137/0111030; 21973
70 Estimating the dimension of a model Authors: Schwarz, G. Journal: Ann. Stat. (1978); 22056
71 The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Authors: Ware, J. E. & Sherbourne, C. D. Journal: Med. Care (1992); DOI: 10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002; 21691
72 Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives Authors: Hu, L.-T. & Bentler, P. M. Journal: Struct. Equ. Modeling (1999); 22575
73 Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease — report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. Authors: McKhann, G. et al. Journal: Neurology (1984); DOI: 10.1212/WNL.34.7.939; 21321
74 Use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. Authors: Reynolds, E. S. Journal: J. Cell Biol. (1963); DOI: 10.1083/jcb.17.1.208; 21103
75 PHYLIP-phylogeny inference package (version 3.2) Authors: Felsenstein, J. Journal: - (1989); 21118
76 A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Authors: Feinberg, A. P. & Vogelstein, B. Journal: Anal. Biochem. (1983); DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9; 20749
77 Estimation of concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of preparative ultracentrifuge. Authors: Friedewald, W. T., Fredrick, D. S. & Levy, R. I. Journal: Clin. Chem. (1972); 21360
78 Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error Authors: Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. Journal: J. Mark. Res. (1981); 22013
79 Reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Authors: Weber, K. & Osborn, M. Journal: J. Biol. Chem. (1969); 20539
80 Multiple range and multiple F tests. Authors: Duncan, D. B. Journal: Biometrics (1955); DOI: 10.2307/3001478; 20839
81 Disc electrophoresis — II. Method and application to human serum proteins. Authors: Davis, B. J. Journal: Ann. New York Acad. Sci. (1964); DOI: 10.1111/J.1749-6632.1964.Tb14213.X; 20453
82 Isolation of biologically-active ribonucleic-acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Authors: Chirgwin, J. M., Przybyla, A. E., MacDonald, R. J. & Rutter, W. J. Journal: Biochemistry (1979); DOI: 10.1021/bi00591a005; 20286
83 Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations. Authors: Monkhorst, H. J. & Pack, J. D Journal: Phys. Rev. B (1976); DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188; 21172
84 The attractions of proteins for small molecules and ions. Authors: Scatchard, G. Journal: Ann. New York Acad. Sci. (1949); DOI: 10.1111/J.1749-6632.1949.Tb27297.X; 20247
85 The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. Authors: Fiske, C. H. & Subbarow, Y Journal: J. Biol. Chem. (1925); 20286
86 Emergence of scaling in random networks Authors: Barabási, A.-L. & Albert, R. Journal: Science (1999); 20850
87 A rating scale for depression. Authors: Hamilton, M. Journal: J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry (1960); DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56; 20513
88 A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties Authors: Grynkiewicz, G., Poenie, M. & Tsien, R. Y. Journal: J. Biol. Chem. (1985); 19947
89 Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology Authors: Davis, F. D. Journal: MIS Quart. (1989); 20882
90 The market for lemons: Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism Authors: Akerlof, G. A. Journal: Q. J. Econ. (1970); 19940
91 The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Authors: Miller, G. A. Journal: Psychol. Rev. (1956); 19826
92 A computational approach to edge detection Authors: Canny, J. Journal: IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. (1986); 19782
93 A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity Authors: White, H. Journal: Econometrica (1980); 19529
94 A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition Authors: Rabiner, L. R. Journal: Proc. IEEE (1989); 19620
95 The hallmarks of cancer Authors: Hanahan, D. & Weinberg, R. A. Journal: Cell (2000); 19646
96 Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Authors: Novoselov, K. S. et al. Journal: Science (2004); DOI: 10.1126/science.1102896; 20468
97 phase annealing in SHELX-90: direct methods for larger structures. Authors: Sheldrick. G. M. Journal: Acta Crystallogr. A (1990); DOI: 10.1107/S0108767390000277; 19019
98 High-resolution 2-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins. Authors: O’Farrell, P. H. Journal: J. Biol. Chem. (1975); 18951
99 A simplex method for function minimization Authors: Nelder, J. A. & Mead, R. Journal: Comput. J. (1965); 19290
100 A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation Authors: Mallat, S. G. Journal: IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal Mach. Intell. (1989); 19106