Differential modulation of adhesion molecule expression by hydroxycarbamide in human endothelial cells from the micro- and macrocirculation: potential implications in sickle cell disease vasoocclusive events

Background All the cellular partners of the vascular system and especially endothelial cells are involved in the pathophysiology of the vasoocclusive crises associated with sickle cell disease. In sickle cell disease, circulating cells adhere abnormally to endothelial cells in a chronic pro-inflammatory context. Hydroxycarbamide is the only drug with demonstrated efficacy to reduce the frequency of vasoocclusive crises. Here, we investigated the effects of hydroxycarbamide and/or cytokines on the expression of genes related to adhesion events in endothelial cells from three different vascular sites. Design and Methods Endothelial cells representative of the macro- (HUVEC) or microcirculation (TrHBMEC and HPMEC) were grown in the presence or absence of hydroxycarbamide and/or cytokines (TNF alpha and IFN gamma). Expression of genes encoding adhesion proteins was analyzed by RQ-PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, in situ ELISA for extracellular matrix proteins, and Western blot. Results In cells from the microcirculation, expression of TSP-1, Off, and PECAM-I genes was decreased by hydroxycarbamide and/or cytokine treatment at the mRNA level. In the macrocirculation their expression was unaffected or increased. Hydroxycarbamide significantly decreased vWF incorporated in the TrHBMEC extracellular matrix. CD36 mRNA was strongly down-regulated by cytokines in HPMEC, the only cell type in which it is expressed. Hydroxycarbamide decreased soluble PECAM-1 in HUVEC supernatants. Conclusions Our results highlight the heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cell responses to hydroxycarbamide and/or cytokines depending upon their origin. They also suggest that hydroxycarbamide has an anti-adhesogenic effect on endothelial cells, but by mechanisms which could vary according to their macro- or microcirculation and organ origin.