Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marta Diaz-delCastillo, Michael Tveden Gundesen, Christian Walther Andersen, Anne Lerberg Nielsen, Hanne Elisabeth Hojsgaard Moller, Pernille Just Vinholt, Jon Thor Asmussen, Ida Bruun Kristensen, Charlotte Guldborg Nyvold, Niels Abildgaard, Thomas Levin Andersen, Thomas Lund
Summary: Multiple myeloma is an incurable bone marrow cancer that leads to osteolytic lesions. Treatment often involves proteasome inhibitors, but their side effects and administration route limit long-term use. This study investigates the bone effects of ixazomib, a new-generation oral proteasome inhibitor, and suggests that it may promote bone formation by reducing bone resorption and promoting longer bone formation events.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Luca Dalle Carbonare, Maria Teresa Valenti, Sandro Giannini, Maurizio Gallieni, Francesca Stefani, Roberto Ciresa, Cristina Politi, Maria Fusaro
Summary: Bone biopsy for histomorphometric analysis provides quantitative information on bone remodeling and structure, particularly useful in diagnosing bone diseases such as renal osteodystrophy. Despite being the gold standard, its limited use is attributed to lack of expertise, cost, invasiveness, and pain associated with the procedure. Implementing sedation, standardizing analyses, and utilizing new tools can optimize the approach and utility of bone biopsy in managing CKD patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dean S. Ross, Tzu-Hsuan Yeh, Shalinie King, Julia Mathers, Mark S. Rybchyn, Elysia Neist, Melissa Cameron, Alexander Tacey, Christian M. Girgis, Itamar Levinger, Rebecca S. Mason, Tara C. Brennan-Speranza
Summary: This study explored the effects of a high fat diet on glucose metabolism and bone density in developing and mature male C57BL/6J mice. The results showed that high fat diet significantly impaired glucose tolerance and reduced bone density in both age groups, with more pronounced effects in the mature mice. This mature HFD mouse model accurately represents late-onset impaired glucose tolerance/pre-T2DM cases in humans and provides insights into the mechanisms of skeletal fragility in these patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pia Rosgaard Jensen, Thomas Levin Andersen, Pascale Chavassieux, Jean-Paul Roux, Jean-Marie Delaisse
Summary: Bisphosphonates not only strongly inhibit bone resorption, but also negatively affect bone formation, limiting the ability to initiate bone formation. This study reveals a possible mechanism for impeding the recruitment of osteoprogenitor cells, which in turn impacts the process of bone formation.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ana Carina Ferreira, Martine Cohen-Solal, Patrick C. D'Haese, Anibal Ferreira
Summary: Bone biopsy is still considered the gold standard for diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy, providing comprehensive evaluation of bone conditions and analysis of mineralization.
CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daniela Schnyder, Giuseppe Albano, Patrycja Kucharczyk, Silvia Dolder, Mark Siegrist, Manuel Anderegg, Ganesh Pathare, Willy Hofstetter, Roland Baron, Daniel G. Fuster
Summary: Mutations in the SLC9A6 gene encoding NHE6 can lead to severe X-linked mental retardation, epilepsy, autism, and skeletal malformations in humans. Knocking out the NHE6 gene in mice caused reduced bone volume, trabecular number, and bone formation, associated with an increase in sclerostin expression.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Hisami Okawara, Yuki Arai, Hitomi Matsuno, Petr Marcian, Libor Borak, Kazuhiro Aoki, Noriyuki Wakabayashi
Summary: The study investigated the effect of load-induced local mechanical strain on bone cell activity of peri-implant bone in mice. The results showed that higher mechanical strain enhanced bone formation activity of osteoblasts, while delaying osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that bone cell activity related to bone resorption and formation is local strain-dependent on implant loading.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Susan M. Ott, Hartmut H. Malluche, Vanda Jorgetti, Grahame J. Elder
Summary: Patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder often have low bone formation rates. While antiresorptive medications may not always be associated with negative outcomes in adynamic bone disease, current evidence does not support improvements in fracture risk or mortality in CKD-MBD patients with low bone turnover. Further research is needed to determine the best treatment approach.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Brittany A. Ryan, Narelle E. McGregor, Beth J. Kirby, Abdelkhayoum Al-Tilissi, Ingrid J. Poulton, Natalie A. Sims, Christopher S. Kovacs
Summary: Recovery from lactation-induced bone loss in mice lacking VDR is not possible without a calcium-enriched diet. These mice are unable to fully restore cortical thickness and mechanical strength after weaning, and exhibit an increase in low-density bone mass instead. It is concluded that either calcitriol or a calcium-enriched diet is required for mineralization of immature bone in the postweaning period.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Florence Lima, Marie-Claude Monier-Faugere, Hanna Mawad, Valentin David, Hartmut H. Malluche
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the impact of decline in kidney function on the protein expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 and sclerostin in bone, as well as their relationship with serum levels and bone histomorphometry. The results showed that FGF-23 and sclerostin expression in blood and bone increased progressively with decrease in kidney function and were associated with bone turnover.
CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yun Gong, Junxiao Yang, Xiaohua Li, Cui Zhou, Yu Chen, Zun Wang, Xiang Qiu, Ying Liu, Huixi Zhang, Jonathan Greenbaum, Liang Cheng, Yihe Hu, Jie Xie, Xuecheng Yang, Yusheng Li, Yuntong Bai, Yu-Ping Wang, Yiping Chen, Li-Jun Tan, Hui Shen, Hong-Mei Xiao, Hong-Wen Deng
Summary: The study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to classify human osteoblasts into three distinct cell clusters, including preosteoblasts, mature osteoblasts, and an undetermined rare osteoblast subpopulation. These subpopulations were found to be involved in bone formation as well as regulation of angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. Additionally, the study highlighted systematic differences in transcriptional profiles between human and mouse osteoblasts, emphasizing the importance of studying bone physiological processes in humans.
Article
Orthopedics
Masataka Minami, Kazuya Ikoma, Okihiro Onishi, Motoyuki Horii, Kyoko Itoh, Kenji Takahashi
Summary: This study found that increased mineralization and greater cortical porosity in cortical bone weaken bone strength in diabetes mellitus.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Thomas Levin Andersen, Pia Rosgaard Jensen, Tanja Tvistholm Sikjaer, Lars Rejnmark, Charlotte Ejersted, Jean-Marie Delaisse
Summary: Proper bone remodeling relies not only on the actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, but also on the delivery of osteoblast lineage cells to the remodeling site. A CD271-positive/PDGF beta-R-positive cell layer surrounding the bone marrow provides osteoblastogenic potential on all bone surfaces, including both quiescent and remodeling sites. This cell layer, known as the canopy, plays a critical role in initiating bone remodeling by activating early markers of osteoblastogenesis and supporting cell delivery to the bone surface.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Joonho Suh, Na-Kyung Kim, Wonn Shim, Seung-Hoon Lee, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Eunyoung Moon, Hiromi Sesaki, Jae Hyuck Jang, Jung-Eun Kim, Yun-Sil Lee
Summary: It has been discovered that mature osteoblasts can secrete mitochondria and mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) to promote the differentiation of osteoprogenitors and osteogenesis. This study demonstrates that osteogenic induction stimulates mitochondrial fragmentation, formation of donut-like structures, and secretion of mitochondria through the CD38/cADPR signaling pathway. Enhancement of mitochondrial fission and donut formation increases mitochondrial secretion and accelerates osteogenesis. In addition, the promotion of mitochondrial fusion by Opa1 hinders osteogenesis, while osteoblast-specific deletion of Opa1 gene increases bone mass. Furthermore, secreted mitochondria and MDVs have been found to enhance bone regeneration in vivo. These findings suggest that the morphology of mitochondria in mature osteoblasts is adapted for extracellular secretion, and the secreted mitochondria and MDVs play critical roles in promoting osteogenesis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Milene Subtil Ormanji, Maria Victoria Lazarini Melo, Renata Meca, Michelle Louvaes Garcia, Ana Carolina Anauate, Juan Jose Augusto Moyano Munoz, Lila Missae Oyama, Erika Emy Nishi, Cassia Toledo Bergamaschi, Aluizio Barbosa Carvalho, Ita Pfeferman Heilberg
Summary: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of denervation of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) on bone mineral metabolism and remodeling in an obese rat model. The study found that denervation resulted in restoration of bone formation and decreased levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in both serum and hypothalamus, without alteration in leptin levels. This study emphasizes the relevance of the adipose tissue-brain-bone axis in the control of bone metabolism in obesity.