Article
Chemistry, Applied
Marefa Jahan, Peter C. Thomson, Peter C. Wynn, Bing Wang
Summary: The study revealed that the concentration of Neu5Gc in red meat varies depending on tissue and species, with some animals lacking Neu5Gc in muscle and organ tissues. These findings provide consumers with guidance on animal meat preferences and shed light on the functionality of Neu5Gc.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Nari Seo, Jaekyoung Ko, Daum Lee, Heejin Jeong, Myung Jin Oh, Unyong Kim, Dong Ho Lee, Jaehan Kim, Yoon Jin Choi, Hyun Joo An
Summary: Sialic acid Neu5Gc, a non-human glycan, is recognized as a harmful substance that humans are unable to synthesize. A label-free method based on ZIC-HILIC/MRM-MS has been developed to accurately quantify Neu5Gc in human blood, showing successful absolute quantitation from healthy donors and correlation with biological factors. This method can be widely used in disease diagnosis and prediction of immunogenicity in biopharmaceuticals.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biology
Oluwamayowa Joshua Ogun, Georg Thaller, Doreen Becker
Summary: Humans frequently interact with pigs and porcine meat is the most consumed red meat in the world. Pigs have physiological and anatomical similarities with humans, making them a suitable model organism and potential source of organs for xenotransplantation. However, the xenoreactivity between red meat Neu5Gc sialic acid and human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies presents a challenge for porcine meat consumption and xenotransplantation. Pigs also express Sia linkages that could serve as receptors for viral infections. Therefore, pigs play a significant role in sialic acid research and human health. Future research on enzymes involved in Sia metabolism, especially CMAH, may help understand their function and reduce the impact of Neu5Gc.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anabel Gonzalez-Gil, T. August Li, Jean Kim, Ronald L. Schnaar
Summary: Most human Siglecs are expressed on immune cells and can down-regulate the immune response when binding to complementary sialoglycans. They have potential as drug targets for modifying inflammation and as immune checkpoints in cancer. Endogenous human sialoglycan immune regulators are being identified and may provide opportunities for therapeutic targeting of Siglecs.
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tal Noy-Porat, Adva Mechaly, Yinon Levy, Efi Makdasi, Ron Alcalay, David Gur, Moshe Aftalion, Reut Falach, Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye, Shirley Lazar, Ayelet Zauberman, Eyal Epstein, Theodor Chitlaru, Shay Weiss, Hagit Achdout, Jonathan D. Edgeworth, Raghavendra Kikkeri, Hai Yu, Xi Chen, Shmuel Yitzhaki, Shmuel C. Shapira, Vered Padler-Karavani, Ohad Mazor, Ronit Rosenfeld
Summary: The study isolated and characterized 12 neutralizing human mAbs targeting three distinct epitopes on the spike N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Two selected mAbs demonstrated full protection of mice when administered at low doses and late postexposure, showing high potential for therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alessandra Crisa, Cinzia Marchitelli, Sebastiana Failla, Michela Conto
Summary: This research communication reports the concentrations of two sialic acids in fresh milk from different cow breeds throughout lactation, and highlights the differences in sialic acid content among breeds. These findings provide a basis for future research in selecting milk products with desirable characteristics for human health.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ingrid Fliniaux, Guillaume Marchand, Caroline Molinaro, Mathieu Decloquement, Alain Martoriati, Matthieu Marin, Jean-Francois Bodart, Anne Harduin-Lepers, Katia Cailliau
Summary: Sialic acids are a group of monosaccharides with unique physicochemical properties that modulate the biological functions of molecules they are associated with. They play a role in various stages of the reproductive process, particularly in the formation and binding of gametes. Sialoglycoproteins form a specific coat on the surface of gametes, and marine species oocytes have specific polysialylated chains. Spermatozoa undergo crucial changes in sialic acid in the female reproductive tract, facilitating migration, survival, and binding with the oocyte.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Gianchecchi, Andrea Arena, Alessandra Fierabracci
Summary: Siglecs are a type of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins that play a crucial role in regulating immune responses. They play a key role in distinguishing between self and non-self molecules.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhixiong Li, Duong T. Bui, Yanxiang Shao, Elena N. Kitova, Stephanie White, Danny Vesprini, Stanley K. Liu, Lara K. Mahal, Hon S. Leong, John S. Klassen
Summary: The PSA test is commonly used for prostate cancer screening but it may result in misdiagnosis. Increased levels of α2-3-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid in the N-glycan sialylation of PSA have been identified as a potential biomarker for clinically significant prostate cancer. A native mass spectrometry approach was developed to quantify α2-3-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid levels in PSA extracted from blood serum, which can discriminate between clinically significant prostate cancer and low-grade prostate cancer.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Fadian Ding, Yunfeng Lin, Guozhong Liu, Yuxin Liu, Feng Gao, Qicai Liu, Zhibo Zhang, Shangeng Weng
Summary: Organ (stem cell) transplantation is the most effective treatment for advanced organ failure. Neu5Gc, a pathogenic non-human sialic acid, hinders transplantation due to its immune disguise function. Gene knockout, such as CMAH, reduces donor antigenicity and enables xenotransplantation. Understanding immune disguise events is crucial for studying the mechanism of transplantation immune tolerance.
GENES AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Patrycja Jastrzab, Karolina Narejko, Halina Car, Przemyslaw Wielgat
Summary: The aberrant sialylation of membrane glycocalyx plays a crucial role in regulating malignant cell behavior and is associated with poor prognosis and shorter overall survival in patients. This review focuses on the involvement of sialic acids in chemoresistance and the potential effects of drugs on sialome-related machinery in malignant cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert Kerep, Tino Seba, Valentina Borko, Tin Weitner, Toma Keser, Gordan Lauc, Mario Gabricevic
Summary: Human serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein is involved in the binding and transport of many drugs. Sialic acid groups play a major role in drug binding. The study found that different sialylation can result in different binding affinities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anabel Gonzalez-Gil, T. August Li, Jean Kim, Ronald L. Schnaar
Summary: Most human Siglecs are expressed on immune cells, carry inhibitory domains, and bind to endogenous sialoglycans. They have potential as drug targets for inflammation and cancer immunotherapy. The specific ligands for human Siglecs are starting to be identified, providing new therapeutic opportunities.
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jing Wang, Lucy K. Shewell, Christopher J. Day, Michael P. Jennings
Summary: One form of abnormal glycosylation in human tumors is the expression of Neu5Gc, a type of acid. The enzyme responsible for producing Neu5Gc in mammals is believed to be inactive in humans. However, low levels of Neu5Gc have been found in healthy humans, indicating its acquisition from diet, such as red meat. Elevated levels of Neu5Gc have been consistently detected in cancer tissues, cells, and serum samples, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for cancer. This review examines the use of Neu5Gc-containing tumor glycoconjugates as cancer biomarkers for detection, monitoring, prognosis, and therapeutic targets.
TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Uri Galili
Summary: Two natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies, anti-Gal and anti-Neu5Gc, played a crucial role in the survival and evolution of primates and hominins. These antibodies protected mutated offspring from lethal viruses and allowed them to survive, leading ultimately to the emergence of modern humans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erino Araki, Masaya Hane, Rina Hatanaka, Ryota Kimura, Kana Tsuda, Miku Konishi, Naoko Komura, Hiromune Ando, Ken Kitajima, Chihiro Sato
Summary: This study analyzed the features of three isoforms of St8sia5 and found that St8sia5-L is localized in the Golgi, while St8sia5-M and -S are localized in the ER. Furthermore, only cells expressing St8sia5-L showed an increase in the incorporation of exogenous GD3. These findings indicate that the localization of St8sia5 is crucial for its enzymatic activity.
GLYCOCONJUGATE JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Sung Jun Ahn, Toshiaki Taoka, Won-Jin Moon, Shinji Naganawa
Summary: Contrast-enhanced FLAIR, traditionally used to evaluate leptomeningeal disease, is now being explored for various other pathologies. However, the exact mechanism for its high sensitivity to low concentrations of gadolinium remains unclear, and challenges exist in its accurate application due to unoptimized parameters in clinical practice.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Di Wu, Pierre-Andre Gilormini, Sakura Toda, Christophe Biot, Cedric Lion, Yann Guerardel, Chihiro Sato, Ken Kitajima
Summary: This study investigated the role of the C-domain in the CMP-Kdn-dependent inhibition in rainbow trout and mice. The results showed that the C-domain affects the catalytic activity of rtCSS when using Kdn as a substrate, and the inhibition is C-domain-dependent.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rina Hatanaka, Erino Araki, Masaya Hane, Shiori Go, Di Wu, Ken Kitajima, Chihiro Sato
Summary: In this study, the malignant phenotype of St8sia6 was analyzed, showing that upregulation of St8sia6 in melanoma cells increased anchorage-independent cell growth. Unlike other sialyltransferases, St8sia6 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and its malignant phenotype was not affected by its localization.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shiori Go, Chihiro Sato, Masaya Hane, Shinji Go, Ken Kitajima
Summary: The transition of Sia species from Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc in C2C12 myoblast cells promotes cell adhesiveness and differentiation, potentially involving the expression of the CMAH gene.
GLYCOCONJUGATE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ryota Horiguchi, Yasuo Takehara, Masataka Sugiyama, Ryota Hyodo, Tomohiro Komada, Masaya Matsushima, Shinji Naganawa, Takashi Mizuno, Yasuo Sakurai, Masayuki Sugimoto, Hiroshi Banno, Kimihiro Komori, Keiichi Itatani
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of endovascular aneurysmal repair (EVAR) on the local hemodynamics of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The results showed a 1.7-fold increase in local energy loss (EL) after EVAR, with a greater increase in the deformed stent-graft subgroup. These findings could be a potential concern for frail patients.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Hiroyasu Umakoshi, Takashi Nihashi, Akira Takada, Naoki Hirasawa, Shunichi Ishihara, Yasuo Takehara, Shinji Naganawa, Matthew S. Davenport, Teruhiko Terasawa
Summary: Changing iodinated contrast media (ICM) can reduce the risk of recurrent immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with previous ICM-induced hypersensitivity reactions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bo Fu, Di Wu, Shigeki Yasumasu, Masaya Hane, Chihiro Sato, Ken Kitajima
Summary: This study investigated the role of Alveolin at the organism level using the medaka model. It was found that fertilized eggs lacking Alveolin were mechanically fragile but could develop normally and produce offspring if handled carefully before hatching. These eggs were significantly larger, thinner, and more permeable compared to wild-type eggs. The study also revealed the importance of Alveolin in chorion hardening. Therefore, Alveolin is considered to be the primary trigger for in vivo chorion hardening.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takayuki Omoto, Di Wu, Emi Maruyama, Katsue Tajima, Masaya Hane, Chihiro Sato, Ken Kitajima
Summary: This study found that the Sia alpha 2,6Gal linkage is crucial for heart development in fish, but it can also be replaced by other linkages, suggesting that sialylation itself is more important than its particular linkage.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Nivedita Agarwal, Laura D. Lewis, Lydiane Hirschler, Leonardo Rivera Rivera, Shinji Naganawa, Swati Rane Levendovszky, Geir Ringstad, Marijan Klarica, Joanna Wardlaw, Costantino Iadecola, Cheryl Hawkes, Roxana Octavia Carare, Jack Wells, Erik N. T. P. Bakker, Vartan Kurtcuoglu, Lynne Bilston, Maiken Nedergaard, Yuki Mori, Marcus Stoodley, Noam Alperin, Mony de Leon, Matthias J. P. van Osch
Summary: Neurofluids refer to all fluids in the brain and spine, including blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and interstitial fluid. Neuroscientists have identified various fluid environments that interact harmoniously to support optimal brain function. Animal studies have been crucial in understanding the dynamics of neurofluids, while human studies are limited due to the lack of noninvasive imaging techniques. The future development of noninvasive MRI techniques holds promise in imaging neurofluid dynamics and identifying pathological processes.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2023)
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shinji Naganawa, Yutaka Kato, Tadao Yoshida, Michihiko Sone
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tadashi Shiohama, Norihide Maikusa, Masahiro Kawaguchi, Jun Natsume, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Keito Saito, Jun-ichi Takanashi, Jacob Levman, Emi Takahashi, Koji Matsumoto, Hajime Yokota, Shinya Hattori, Keita Tsujimura, Daisuke Sawada, Tomoko Uchida, Tomozumi Takatani, Katsunori Fujii, Shinji Naganawa, Noriko Sato, Hiromichi Hamada, Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans
Summary: This study aims to provide normal reference values of global and regional brain volumes for children and adolescents of different sexes and age groups across multiple institutions. MRI examinations of 846 neurotypical participants were collected, and regional brain volumes were measured and analyzed using the CIVET 2.1.0. pipeline and ComBat-GAM harmonization. The results of this study can be used to evaluate the brain morphology of individuals in a clinical setting and investigate brain morphology in ultra-rare diseases.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Tadao Yoshida, Masumi Kobayashi, Satofumi Sugimoto, Shinji Naganawa, Michihiko Sone
Summary: Otitis media with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (OMAAV) is a new type of otitis media. Early detection and intervention can improve the hearing loss caused by OMAAV, but recovering the patient's hearing may be challenging if it continues to worsen and leads to deafness. Bilateral deafness can only be improved through cochlear implant (CI) surgery. This article presents two cases of cochlear calcification caused by OMAAV and emphasizes the importance of early detection through computed tomography scans and timely CI surgery for hearing improvement in patients with OMAAV-induced deafness.
AURIS NASUS LARYNX
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takahiro Nakagawa, Yuya Iwaki, Di Wu, Masaya Hane, Chihiro Sato, Ken Kitajima
Summary: A novel Kdn-aldolase that exclusively degrades Kdn was found in this study. The existence of this enzyme suggests a specialized role of Kdn-specific metabolism in some bacteria.
Letter
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Shinji Naganawa, Rintaro Ito, Toshiaki Taoka, Tadao Yoshida, Michihiko Sone