Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sidneia Sousa Santos, Milena Karina Colo Brunialti, Larissa de Oliveira Cavalcanti Peres Rodrigues, Ana Maria Alvim Liberatore, Ivan Hong Jun Koh, Vanessa Martins, Francisco Garcia Soriano, Csaba Szabo, Reinaldo Salomao
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of the PARP1 inhibitor olaparib on white blood cells from healthy volunteers in response to various challenges, showing that olaparib has cytoprotective effects, reduces inflammatory cytokine production, and does not inhibit the cells' ability to phagocytose or eradicate pathogens.
Article
Oncology
Wenxiu Zhao, Lingxiang Jiang, Ting Fang, Fei Fang, Yingchun Liu, Ye Zhao, Yuting You, Hao Zhou, Xiaolin Su, Jiangwei Wang, Sheng Liu, Yaomin Chen, Jun Wan, Xiumei Huang
Summary: This study identified high NQO1 expression in HCC tumors and demonstrated that beta-Lapachone selectively kills HCC cells with high NQO1 levels, potentially making it a promising chemotherapeutic agent for NQO1-positive HCC patients.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Steven A. Hill, Marissa Fu, A. Denise R. Garcia
Summary: Astrocytes are complex cells performing essential functions in the nervous system. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the molecular identity and functional properties of astrocytes, and is active in specific subpopulations of these cells throughout the brain.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Beatrice Vignoli, Marco Canossa
Summary: This study assessed the contribution of BDNF to synaptic strengthening by deleting TrkB in cortical astrocytes. The results showed that TrkB signaling in astrocytes is not essential for transducing BDNF activity for synaptic potentiation.
Review
Cell Biology
A. Denise R. Garcia
Summary: The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) molecular signaling pathway is a key regulator of neurodevelopment, with diverse functions in various cell types and developmental stages. In addition to its roles in development, Shh signaling continues into adulthood and is now recognized as an important regulator of astrocyte function. Astrocytes play essential roles in nervous system functions, including synapse formation, coordination of CNS inflammatory responses, and Shh signaling mediates communication between neurons and astrocytes, influencing astrocyte identity, synaptic organization, and inflammation regulation.
Article
Cell Biology
Katharina Everaerts, Pawan Thapaliya, Nils Pape, Simone Durry, Sara Eitelmann, Eleni Roussa, Ghanim Ullah, Christine R. Rose
Summary: Under ischemic conditions, an increase in sodium concentration in astrocytes leads to disruption of ion balance and cellular damage. The activation of NBCe1 during transient energy failure in astrocytes improves acidification but results in increased influx of sodium ions and a decline in cellular ATP.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Prieto-Villalobos, Tanhia F. Alvear, Andres Liberona, Claudia M. Lucero, Claudio J. Martinez-Araya, Javiera Balmazabal, Carla A. Inostroza, Gigliola Ramirez, Gonzalo I. Gomez, Juan A. Orellana
Summary: Maternal inflammation can lead to later-in-life brain abnormalities in offspring, affecting the survival and support of neurons, and increasing the risk of neurological disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gwyneth Welch, Li-Huei Tsai
Summary: Neurons are highly susceptible to DNA damage, and deficient DNA damage repair is the underlying cause of neurological disorders. DNA damage may play a central role in neuroinflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
Andres M. Baraibar, Lindsey Belisle, Giovanni Marsicano, Carlos Matute, Susana Mato, Alfonso Araque, Paulo Kofuji
Summary: Microcircuits in the neocortex are functionally organized along layers and columns, and astrocytes play a role in the functional organization and bidirectional interaction between neurons. Activation of astrocytes by endocannabinoids leads to an increase in Ca2+ levels, ATP/adenosine release, and temporary synaptic depression between layer 5 pyramidal neurons at relatively distant synapses. This form of heteroneuronal synaptic depression is specific to cortical columns and layers, depending on layer-specific neuron-to-astrocyte signaling.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kanako Takahashi, Yuto Ishibashi, Kaori Chujo, Ikuro Suzuki, Kaoru Sato
Summary: This study investigated the functions of L-glutamate transporters and their contribution to the tolerance of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells to excitotoxicity. The results showed that EAAT1 and EAAT2 are the predominant L-Glu transporters in these cells and their uptake potentials are responsible for the tolerance of hiPSC-derived neurons to excitotoxicity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiuli Dan, Beimeng Yang, Ross A. McDevitt, Samuel Gray, Xixia Chu, Quia Claybourne, David M. Figueroa, Yongqing Zhang, Deborah L. Croteau, Vilhelm A. Bohr
Summary: Olfactory dysfunction is an early marker of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated age-related behavioral changes in olfaction in mice. We found that odor discrimination was the earliest smelling behavioral change and oxidative stress markers were dysregulated in the olfactory bulb. Supplementing NAD(+) improved longevity and partially enhanced olfaction in aged mice.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Diogo Neves, Ivan L. Salazar, Ramiro D. Almeida, Raquel M. Silva
Summary: Excitotoxicity is the neuronal damage caused by excessive release of glutamate and subsequent activation of excitatory plasma membrane receptors. This phenomenon is mainly driven by excessive activation of glutamate receptors. Excitotoxicity is common in chronic disorders of the CNS and is considered the primary mechanism of neuronal loss of function and cell death in acute CNS diseases.
Review
Neurosciences
Ana Covelo, Abel Eraso-Pichot, Ignacio Fernandez-Moncada, Roman Serrat, Giovanni Marsicano
Summary: The endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in various brain functions by activating CB1R, impacting synaptic activity and behavior. In recent years, astrocytes have been recognized as significant players in brain physiology due to their involvement in the tripartite synapse and metabolic interactions with neurons. Evidence suggests that astrocytes may serve as important sources of endocannabinoid synthesis and release, adding complexity to the understanding of ECS in brain functions.
Review
Neurosciences
Daniel K. Mulkey, Michelle L. Olsen, Mengchan Ou, Colin M. Cleary, Guizhi Du
Summary: General anesthetics target a variety of cellular proteins and astrocytes may play important roles in the behavioral endpoints of anesthesia, despite being largely ignored as potential targets.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Do-Wan Shim, Hyo-Joung Cho, Inhwa Hwang, Taek-Yeol Jung, Hyun-Seok Kim, Ju Hee Ryu, Je-Wook Yu
Summary: The depletion of NAD(+) affects the innate immune potential of macrophages and has an impact on NLRP3 activation. FK866 facilitates NLRP3 activation by promoting perinuclear clustering of mitochondria, while supplementation with NAD(+) can counteract the FK866-induced caspase-1 cleavage.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam D. Hogan-Cann, Ping Lu, Christopher M. Anderson
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2019)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yan Lu, Danielle I. Lee, Subir Roy Chowdhury, Ping Lu, Amit Kamboj, Christopher M. Anderson, Paul Fernyhough, Hope D. Anderson
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Ping Lu, Adam D. Hogan-Cann, Amit Kamboj, Subir K. Roy Chowdhury, Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori, Paul Fernyhough, Christopher M. Anderson
Review
Neurosciences
Kim San Tang
Summary: This review presents the evidence supporting the protective role of the resveratrol metabolite polydatin against dementia-related diseases and emphasizes its beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Future directions in research in this area are also discussed.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kim San Tang
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hidefumi Iwashita, Erika Castillo, Marco S. Messina, Raymond A. Swanson, Christopher J. Chang
Summary: A new tandem activity-based sensing and labeling strategy for H2O2 imaging has been reported, allowing capture and permanent recording of localized H2O2 fluxes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Frederick A. Zeiler, Yasser Iturria-Medina, Eric P. Thelin, Alwyn Gomez, Jai J. Shankar, Ji Hyun Ko, Chase R. Figley, Galen E. B. Wright, Chris M. Anderson
Summary: Management strategies for moderate/severe TBI have not significantly impacted mortality and morbidity, suggesting a shift toward personalized care. Multi-modal omics data sets, including cerebral physiome characterization and proteomics, are being increasingly used to inform individualized treatment approaches.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erika Castillo, Ebony Mocanu, Gokhan Uruk, Raymond A. Swanson
Summary: Metabolic intermediates influence inflammation by fueling the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, in addition to signaling effects. Glial NO production is influenced by glucose availability, which may limit production in conditions of low glucose concentration.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Luc Clair, Hope Anderson, Christopher Anderson, Okechukwu Ekuma, Heather J. Prior
Summary: Recent research has shown that individuals diagnosed with cardiovascular disease are at an increased risk of developing dementia, especially in the case of atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. Factors such as age, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities also contribute to the risk of dementia diagnosis.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sijo Joseph Thandapilly, Xavier Louis, Wilhelmina Kalt, Pema Raj, Jillian L. Stobart, Basma M. Aloud, Melinda Vinqvist-Tymchuk, Liping Yu, Jacques Kaminski, Norbert Latruffe, Christopher M. Anderson, Hope D. Anderson, Thomas Netticadan
Summary: This study found that blueberry polyphenolic extract can reduce vascular remodeling in hypertensive rats, providing cardiovascular protection.
JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Wesley Zhi Chung See, Rakesh Naidu, Kim San Tang
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of alpha-synuclein protein aggregates are key pathological features in PD. The pathogenesis of PD is still not fully understood, but multiple factors may trigger apoptotic neuronal cell death. Laboratory studies have shown that exposure to the herbicide paraquat can induce many PD pathological features, and long-term exposure to paraquat may increase the risk of developing PD in humans.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongxia Zhang, Jialing Liu, Deborah Bingham, Adrienne Orr, Masahito Kawabori, Jong Youl Kim, Zhen Zheng, Tina I. Lam, Stephen M. Massa, Raymond A. Swanson, Midori A. Yenari
Summary: Motor rehabilitation strategies after unilateral stroke typically involve immobilization of the healthy limb to promote recovery of the affected limb. This study evaluated the use of botulinum toxin injections to immobilize the non-affected limb in rats with paresis. The results showed that botulinum toxin injection effectively restricted limb function.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kim San Tang
Summary: Y2O3 NPs have a significant impact on alleviating oxidative damage and altering oxidative stress-related biochemical parameters in different disease models, including diabetes. Although these nanoparticles show promise as an antidiabetic agent due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, further studies are needed to elucidate their pharmacological and toxicological properties.
CURRENT DIABETES REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Samuel Booth, Abdullah Ramadan, Dali Zhang, Lingling Lu, Gilbert Kirouac, Michael F. Jackson, Chris Anderson, Ji Hyun Ko
Summary: The study found that a dosing regimen of 10 mg/kg of L-dopa induced LID in all animals and led to significant angiogenesis in the striatum and substantia nigra. The 2 mg/kg treatment resulted in LID in 6 out of 12 rats, with LID severity increasing linearly over the treatment period. Dopamine-induced vasodilatory responses were exaggerated only in rats showing LID-like signs.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kim San Tang, Jey Sern Tan
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Marija Adzic Bukvic, Danijela Laketa, Milorad Dragic, Irena Lavrnja, Nadezda Nedeljkovic
Summary: In neuroinflammatory states, functionally distinct eN/CD73 glycovariants appear, which may play a role in the development of the reactive astrocyte phenotype.
Correction
Neurosciences
L. Feng, H. Lo, Z. Hong, J. Zheng, Y. Yan, Z. Ye, X. Chen, X. Pan