Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Sarah N. Sells, Cecily M. Costello, Paul M. Lukacs, Lori L. Roberts, Milan A. Vinks
Summary: Habitat and corridor mapping are crucial for conservation programs. This study used integrated step selection functions (iSSFs) developed from GPS-collared grizzly bears to predict areas of connectivity and evaluate conservation goals in the US.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Biology
Anthony M. Carnahan, Frank T. van Manen, Mark A. Haroldson, Gordon B. Stenhouse, Charles T. Robbins
Summary: Studies show that the cost of uphill movement for grizzly bears increases with speed and slope angle linearly, while uphill travel at slower speeds is more costly than horizontal travel. The most efficient walking speed for grizzly bears is 1.19 m/s, yet bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem move at an average velocity of 0.61 m/s and prefer near-horizontal slopes. Grizzly bears choose paths across slopes that are 54% less steep and costly than the maximum available slope when traveling uphill or downhill.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Lauren H. Henson, Niko Balkenhol, Robert Gustas, Megan Adams, Jennifer Walkus, William G. Housty, Astrid Stronen, Jason Moody, Christina Service, Donald Reece, Bridgett M. VonHoldt, Iain McKechnie, Ben F. Koop, Chris T. Darimont
Summary: Landscape genetic analyses of grizzly bear populations in coastal British Columbia, Canada, revealed the possible effects of complex landscape and human influences on genetic structure. The study found spatial alignment between Indigenous language families and grizzly bear genetic groups, suggesting that people and wildlife populations may have been shaped by the landscape in similar ways. This research provides new genetic evidence to support locally led management of grizzly bears in the future.
ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jason I. Ransom, Andrea L. Lyons, Katherine C. Hegewisch, Meade Krosby
Summary: As Earth faces a crisis of biodiversity loss, reintroduction of imperiled species has become an important tool toward mitigating extirpation. Current habitat quality for a reintroduced species may change dramatically under future climate scenarios, undermining or supporting species conservation efforts. Models designed to understand such change must consider the niche plasticity of a species to assess the costs and benefits of reintroduction.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aurora Donatelli, Gianluca Mastrantonio, Paolo Ciucci
Summary: This study examines the circadian rhythms and activity patterns of Apennine brown bears. The results show a bimodal curve of activity, with peaks around sunrise and sunset. Bears exhibit higher movement rates during the mating season and increase their movement rate near roads and settlements during spring and late summer, suggesting a trade-off between foraging opportunities and risk avoidance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nikolina Kelava Ugarkovic, Miljenko Konjacic, Josip Malnar, Kristijan Tomljanovic, Nikica Sprem, Damir Ugarkovic
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effects of sex and age on the proximate chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and lipid indices of brown bear meat. Results showed that age had an effect on the traits analyzed, while no significant differences were found related to sex.
Article
Forestry
Angela Anna Rositi, Giovanna Jona Lasinio, Paolo Ciucci
Summary: The availability of hard mast and soft-mast producing species is influenced by forest typology, historical forestry practices, and topographical features. Herb cover is negatively affected by terrain steepness and basal area, while ant richness is associated with forest volume and density. These findings provide valuable information for forest management practices to support the conservation of Apennine bears in the long term.
Article
Ecology
Elise A. Loggers, Andrea R. Litt, Frank T. van Manen, Mark A. Haroldson, Kerry A. Gunther
Summary: As outdoor recreation increases and people venture farther into wildland areas, it becomes more difficult for animals to avoid humans. Restricting human access to wildlife habitats can be an effective tool in mitigating the impact of human recreational activities, but its efficacy is rarely evaluated. A study in Yellowstone National Park found that grizzly bears selectively choose areas designated as bear management areas (BMAs) regardless of whether human access is restricted or not, based on availability of food resources and season.
JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Neda Bogdanovic, Andreas Zedrosser, Anne G. Hertel, Alejandra Zarzo-Arias, Dusko Cirbvic
Summary: Natural habitats are being degraded and fragmented due to human expansion, threatening the survival of many species. Understanding species distribution and identifying movement corridors is crucial for conservation. Serbia's geographical position plays a significant role in connecting bear metapopulations. The study predicts suitable habitats and proposes measures for habitat permeability to benefit not only bears but also other species in the region.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Vincenzo Buono, Salvatore Burgio, Nicole Macri, Giovanni Catania, Heidi C. Hauffe, Nadia Mucci, Francesca Davoli
Summary: An assessment of the genetic diversity and structure of two endangered brown bear populations in Italy was conducted to propose a cost-effective management protocol for populations with low genetic variation. By analyzing microsatellite loci, the study identified the most effective STR marker sets for evaluating genetic diversity and individual discrimination. The findings indicate that the Uam population should be considered a conservation priority due to its depleted genetic variability.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Maelis Kervellec, Cyril Milleret, Cecile Vanpe, Pierre-Yves Quenette, Jerome Senthiles, Santiago Palazon, Ivan Afonso Jordana, Ramon Jato, Miguel Mari Elosegui Irurtia, Olivier Gimenez
Summary: Connectivity is crucial for maintaining endangered populations, especially for rare and elusive species. This study used spatial capture-recapture models to identify barriers to movement and evaluate connectivity in a transnational critically endangered brown bear population. The road network was found to impede bear movements, resulting in smaller home ranges. The study predicts that bears in high road density areas have their home ranges reduced by 1.4-fold to 1.6-fold compared to bears in low road density areas.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ana Balseiro, Laura Polledo, Jose Tunon, Juan Francisco Garcia Marin
Summary: A captive female Eurasian brown bear in her 24th year of age gave birth to a stillborn cub with multiple malformations resulting from anomalous neural tube development. These malformations, including anencephaly, hypoplasia, micromyelia, severe myelodysplasia, syringomyelia, and spina bifida, have not been previously reported in bears. The cause of the malformations remains unknown, but the mother's advanced age and/or folic acid deficiency may be possible factors. Supplementing the mother with folate before and during early pregnancy could help prevent the occurrence of neural tube defects in captive bears, thus safeguarding the future generations of this endangered species.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
James P. Kilfoil, Thomas P. Quinn, Aaron J. Wirsing
Summary: Humans can significantly alter the temporal activity of wildlife, and the ecological consequences of such shifts can lead to reduced fitness, increased competition, and trophic cascades. This study examined the potential of human disturbance as a temporal-shield for brown bears foraging on sockeye salmon in southwestern Alaska. The results showed that all bears avoided peak times of human activity, but socially-subordinate subadult bears had higher overlap with humans compared to females with cubs and single adults. The findings suggest that human-disturbance can have complex effects on large carnivores and may provide increased foraging opportunities for socially subordinate, but more human-tolerant individuals.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Francesco Maroso, Giada Padovani, Victor Hugo Munoz Mora, Francesco Giannelli, Emiliano Trucchi, Giorgio Bertorelle
Summary: Reduction in population size and its predicted effects on population fitness is a major concern for endangered species. Genetic rescue (GR) is a controversial approach that introduces compatible individuals to reduce the genetic load and restore fitness of declining populations. The study on Apennine brown bears showed that introducing individuals with higher fitness and lower levels of deleterious mutations can rapidly increase fitness but also result in some loss of ancestry. Doubling the population size without genetic rescue gradually improved fitness without losing ancestry, making it the best strategy for Apennine brown bear conservation.
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Sarah Elmeligi, Owen T. Nevin, Julie Taylor, Ian Convery
Summary: The study found that trail users are more supportive of strict management options, such as closing trails when a mother grizzly bear and cubs are present. Local users within the protected areas or frequent users of the parks are less supportive of strict management options compared to other trail users.
JOURNAL OF OUTDOOR RECREATION AND TOURISM-RESEARCH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Megan B. Brownlee, Camille H. Warbington, Mark S. Boyce
Summary: Population density is an important factor in wildlife management. This study used a time in front of the camera method to estimate sitatunga density in Uganda, and found that this method accurately estimates population densities, which is beneficial for species where individual identities cannot be determined or in habitats where species cannot be accurately identified.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jessica S. J. Grenke, Edward W. Bork, Cameron N. Carlyle, Mark S. Boyce, James F. Cahill
Summary: The impacts of AMP grazing system management on plant diversity are minor, but it could hinder the conservation of native plant species.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Caitlin N. Willier, Jacqueline M. Dennett, Kevin J. Devito, Christopher W. Bater, Scott E. Nielsen
Summary: This study examines the influence of roads and environmental conditions on woody cover in treed fens in northeastern Alberta. The results show that the type, distance, and location of the road, as well as the distance to upland forest and open water, have a complex interaction in explaining variation in cover. Gravel roads have the most dramatic effect on cover adjacent to the roads.
Article
Ecology
Cesar A. Estevo, Diana Stralberg, Scott E. Nielsen, Erin Bayne
Summary: This study examines the impact of climate change on thermal heterogeneity and quantifies it through analyzing the topography and vegetation cover within river valleys and hill systems. The findings suggest that the characteristics of topography and vegetation can buffer local temperatures, potentially providing important refuges for wildlife and plants in the face of climate change.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Matthew Robinson, Scott E. Nielsen, Brian Eaton, Cynthia Paszkowski
Summary: Variable retention forest harvesting has minimal long-term effects on wood frog abundance 17 years post-harvest, with interactions between retention level and forest type influencing capture rates during the late summer. Soil moisture and proximity to breeding sites also play a role in wood frog abundance, with higher capture rates in conifer forests and positive correlation with lower depth-to-water.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tyler Trump, Kyle Knopff, Andrea Morehouse, Mark S. Boyce
Summary: This study analyzed regional trends in elk harvest and hunter success in Alberta and found that increasing populations of large predators do not necessarily reduce hunter harvest of elk, except in the mountain areas where predation on elk calves has reduced recruitment. The data also indicate that Alberta's elk harvest management has been sustainable.
Article
Ecology
Laureen F. Echiverri, S. Ellen Macdonald, Scott E. Nielsen
Summary: Mounding, a method used to restore tree establishment on seismic lines in treed peatlands, has set back the recovery of bryophyte communities responsible for microtopographic variation. Unmounded seismic lines showed recovery after 18 years, while mounded lines had lower Sphagnum cover and higher cover of true mosses compared to reference and unmounded treatments.
RESTORATION ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Remote Sensing
Julie Lovitt, Galen Richardson, Krishan Rajaratnam, Wenjun Chen, Sylvain G. Leblanc, Liming He, Scott E. Nielsen, Ashley Hillman, Isabelle Schmelzer, Andre Arsenault
Summary: This study evaluates the application of digital photograph classification (DPC) in lichen mapping and improves processing efficiency and replicability through a modified model. The results demonstrate that DPC is suitable for large-scale lichen mapping, and LiCNN model is more efficient than traditional workflows.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Forestry
R. S. Jackson, J. M. Dennett, S. E. Nielsen
Summary: Deforestation leads to forest fragmentation and associated edge effects. In Alberta, Canada, seismic lines, roads, and wellpads for resource exploration have caused substantial fragmentation, but the edge effects of the latter two have not been fully assessed. This study examines the influence of these disturbances on forest composition and structure in the oil sands region. The findings suggest that anthropogenic disturbances result in changes in tree and shrub density, with deciduous-dominated forests being the most affected.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Christine E. Kuntzemann, Ellen Whitman, Diana Stralberg, Marc-Andre Parisien, Dan K. Thompson, Scott E. Nielsen
Summary: In the boreal forests of North America, the presence of fire refugia is influenced by a combination of bottom-up controls on fuel configuration, top-down climate controls, as well as hydrological, ecological, and topographic heterogeneity. Forested fens have a higher probability of fire refugia compared to upland forests, while forested bogs have a similar likelihood of fire refugia as upland forests. Climate and physical setting are the strongest factors affecting fire refugia in uplands and peatlands, respectively.
Article
Zoology
Lee J. Hecker, Mark A. Edwards, Scott E. Nielsen
Summary: Habitat selection in wildlife management and conservation is important. Different behaviors require different habitat components. Considering behavioral states is necessary to avoid overlooking factors influencing selection. The study on female wood bison revealed the influence of behavioral states on habitat selection and the importance of considering multiple states for assessing habitat suitability.
Article
Forestry
Angelo T. Filicetti, Jesse Tigner, Scott E. Nielsen, Katherine Wolfenden, Murdoch Taylor, Paula Bentham
Summary: Seismic lines, created by the oil and gas industry, have significant impacts on biogeochemical cycles, plant and animal diversity and behavior, and forest successional trajectories. Low-impact seismic (LIS) line construction has shown to mitigate these impacts and promote line recovery. Retained and recruited trees on LIS lines had considerable densities and heights. Ensuring mulcher drums are kept high can further enhance line recovery.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Laureen F. I. Echiverri, S. Ellen Macdonald, Scott E. Nielsen
Summary: This study examines the edge effects of narrow linear openings on the performance of cow-wheat, an herbaceous annual and facultative hemi-parasite, in the boreal forest. The results suggest that the creation of openings and associated edge effects positively influence the abundance and seed production of cow-wheat at the population level, but not at the individual level. Additionally, evidence of 'edge sealing' was found, with higher tree and sapling density and short shrub cover at the edges compared to the interior forest.
Article
Ecology
Michael F. Proctor, Clayton. T. Lamb, John Boulanger, A. Grant Machutchon, Wayne F. Kasworm, David Paetkau, Cori L. Lausen, Eric C. Palm, Mark S. Boyce, Christopher Servheen
Summary: The demographic trajectory of grizzly bear populations in southeastern British Columbia is influenced by bottom-up food resources and top-down mortality risk. Understanding the factors driving population dynamics is crucial for effective management and conservation. This study integrated analyses of bottom-up and top-down factors to inform grizzly bear management. Black huckleberry was found to be the most influential bottom-up factor, while secure habitat was the most consistent top-down variable. Both bottom-up and top-down influences are necessary for mitigating the expanding human footprint on carnivore species. The study highlights the importance of considering both types of influences and the need for comprehensive assessments in population management.
WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Camille H. H. Warbington, Mark S. S. Boyce
Summary: Climate change has affected precipitation patterns, which in turn affect hydrology. This study found that water-level fluctuations did not significantly impact the space use of different ungulate species in central Uganda. Differences in dietary and habitat use appear to mitigate the risk of competitive exclusion between native and domestic ungulates. Habitat loss due to agriculture and development is of greater concern than hydrological conditions for ungulate communities.