Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Leoncio Cabrera, Piero Poli
Summary: Understanding the physical conditions under which large earthquakes begin is crucial in the field of Earth science. Laboratory experiments and numerical models have revealed that earthquake initiation involves distinct phases, including a quasi-static and acceleration stage, followed by dynamic propagation. However, observing these processes in nature is challenging.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. Picozzi, D. Spallarossa, A. G. Iaccarino, D. Bindi
Summary: We investigated the preparatory phase of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake by analyzing the relationship between seismic moment and radiated energy. Our findings showed a correlation between energy index and seismic activity.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Pier Paolo G. Bruno, Fabio Villani, Luigi Improta
Summary: This study presents the first seismic reflection images of the Paganica and Bazzano basins, which are tectonic basins developed in the hanging wall of the Paganica-San Demetrio Fault System. High-resolution seismic profiles were acquired to reveal the structure of the basins and the uppermost splays of the 2009 earthquake. The seismic data provide fine details of the subsurface stratigraphic setting and reveal previously unknown conjugate normal faults.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Leoncio Cabrera, Piero Poli, William B. Frank
Summary: This study investigates the precursory phase of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake in Italy by analyzing seismic catalogs. The research reveals the presence of different seismic and aseismic processes and their interactions prior to the earthquake.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Brennan Brunsvik, Gabriele Morra, Gabriele Cambiotti, Lauro Chiaraluce, Raffaele Di Stefano, Pasquale De Gori, David A. Yuen
Summary: By applying unsupervised clustering techniques to earthquake hypocenters, the 3D rupture morphology of faults is revealed, providing important data for seismic modeling and helping to calculate phenomena such as stress changes.
Article
Engineering, Geological
V. Gironelli, T. Volatili, L. Luzi, G. Brunelli, M. Zambrano, E. Tondi
Summary: This study proposes a new approach to investigate the location and parametrization of the seismogenic sources of historical earthquakes and derive shaking scenarios. The ideal seismogenic source is discussed based on the residual analysis between observed and simulated macroseismic intensities.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
V. Gironelli, T. Volatili, L. Luzi, G. Brunelli, M. Zambrano, E. Tondi
Summary: The determination of ground motion is crucial for emergency activities in seismic areas like the Italian peninsula. This study proposes a new approach to investigate seismogenic sources of historical earthquakes and derive shaking scenarios. The ground motion of two historical events is simulated, and different causative faults solutions are tested to find the ideal seismogenic source.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zijia Wang, Wenqiang Zhang, Tuncay Taymaz, Zhongqiu He, Tianhong Xu, Zhenguo Zhang
Summary: We simulated the dynamic rupture process of the Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaras earthquake in SE Turkiye on 6 February 2023, considering various non-uniformities such as branch faults, rotation of stress field directions, and changes in tectonic environments. Near-fault waveform data, GNSS static displacements, and surface rupture were used to constrain the dynamic model. The results reveal the successful triggering of the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) and supershear rupture in the northeast segment due to high initial stress accumulation in the Kahramanmaras-celikhan seismic gap. The complexity of fault geometry caused the rupture speed along the southeastern segment of the EAF to vary between supershear and subshear, contributing to unexpectedly strong ground motion. The triggering of the EAF highlights the importance of being aware of seismic gaps on major faults being triggered by secondary faults to prevent significant disasters.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wenkai Chen, Dun Wang, Can Zhang, Qiang Yao, Hongjun Si
Summary: This study focuses on rapidly determining seismic intensity maps of earthquakes in regions with sparse instrumental observations. The novel approach used in this study showed high similarity with field reports, validating its effectiveness. These efforts contribute to the fast and accurate evaluation of earthquake damage and precise rescue efforts.
JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Matteo Albano, Salvatore Barba, Christian Bignami, Eugenio Carminati, Carlo Doglioni, Marco Moro, Salvatore Stramondo, Michele Saroli
Summary: Stress and strain fields associated with the L'Aquila earthquake on April 6, 2009 were calculated using a 3D numerical model. The model simulated crustal loading and episodic dislocation on the fault, showing that gravitational and tectonic forces led to sharp stress gradients and promoted coseismic subsidence. Changes in stress and strain patterns were observed before and during the earthquake.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Gerardo M. Verderame, Santa Anna Scala, Carlo Del Gaudio
Summary: The aim of this study is to describe the evolution of vulnerability over the years for masonry buildings with a good quality layout and/or regular texture. The analysis considers data collected shortly after the L'Aquila 2009 earthquake, and damage analysis is done based on 5 + 1 damage grades defined for the whole building. The study reveals the influence of construction age and horizontal structural types on vulnerability and derives vulnerability curves through statistical modeling.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Pepen Supendi, Nicholas Rawlinson, Bambang Setiyo Prayitno, Dimas Sianipar, Andrean Simanjuntak, Sri Widiyantoro, Kadek Hendrawan Palgunadi, Andri Kurniawan, Hasbi Ash Shiddiqi, Andri Dian Nugraha, David P. Sahara, Daryono Daryono, Rahmat Triyono, Suko Prayitno Adi, Dwikorita Karnawati, Gatut Daniarsyad, Suaidi Ahadi, Iman Fatchurochman, Suci Dewi Anugrah, Nova Heryandoko, Ajat Sudrajat
Summary: On February 25, 2022, a destructive earthquake (Mw 6.1) occurred in Pasaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia, causing at least 18 deaths and damage to 1765 buildings. Through the analysis of foreshocks, mainshock, and aftershocks, researchers discovered a previously unknown 20 km long segment of the Sumatran Fault called the Kajai Fault, which experienced dextral strike-slip motion. The mainshock's Coulomb stress change indicates increased stress in the northern and southern areas, consistent with the observed aftershock pattern. The nearby Great Sumatran Fault segments (Angkola and Sumpur) also experienced a significant increase in stress, raising the risk of future ruptures.
PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. S. Sunil, P. S. Sunil, M. N. Shrivastava, A. K. Maurya, D. Thomas, G. Gonzalez
Summary: This study investigates the subsurface, surface, and ionospheric characteristics of the Chignik Earthquake using continuous GPS data in Alaska. The results reveal that the coseismic slip is distributed along the northeast rupture area, while the ionospheric perturbations are dominant southwest of the epicenter.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Tao Mo, Januka Attanayake
Summary: Understanding the influence of fault-scale geology on seismic behavior is crucial for understanding faulting physics and seismic hazard analysis. However, due to the lack of shallow earthquakes and the inability to map their causative faults to known bedrock structures, there is limited empirical evidence on this process. The 2016 Mw 6 Petermann Ranges earthquake provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the link between seismic parameters and fault-scale geology.
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Tamarah Rosellen King, Mark Quigley, Dan Clark, Albert Zondervan, Jan-Hendrik May, Abaz Alimanovic
Summary: The 2016 Petermann earthquake in central Australia caused a 21 km surface rupture with minimal pre-earthquake topographic evidence. Excavations at the rupture revealed near-surface fault geometry and sediment faults formed only during the earthquake. Erosion rates suggest a duration of 0.5 to 1 million years for differential erosion to return to pre-earthquake topography.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Giuseppe Pezzo, Mimmo Palano, Claudio Chiarabba
Summary: The article explores the tectonic processes and crustal stress-strain rate fields along circum-Mediterranean orogenic belts, with a focus on the geology of the Albanides belt in the eastern region. The study reveals a fault-scale complexity in the Albanides plate boundary, influenced by various tectonic processes.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Nicola Piana Agostinetti, Mauro Buttinelli, Claudio Chiarabba
Summary: Using RF analysis, we have computed a high-resolution topographic model of the Moho beneath the fault system activated during the 2016-2017 Central Italy seismic sequence. We found that the Moho depth values abruptly vary at the crustal lineament called Ancona-Anzio Line. Along the junction of the two regions in the Apennines, the Moho depth values cluster around 50 km depth, forming a stripe-like area 20 km wide.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
M. Bagagli, I Molinari, T. Diehl, E. Kissling, D. Giardini
Summary: With the use of the AlpArray Seismic Network, a consistent seismicity-catalogue for the greater Alpine region has been established, providing high-precision hypocentre locations and consistent magnitude estimation. These findings serve as a foundation for future seismic hazard studies and improvements in the region.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Raffaele Di Stefano, Maria Grazia Ciaccio, Paola Baccheschi, Dapeng Zhao
Summary: An earthquake sequence occurred in the Central Adriatic region from March to June 2021, lasting for approximately three months. Approximately 200 seismic events were recorded, including four earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0. This seismic activity has significant implications for the geodynamics of the region and plays a crucial role in the Mediterranean.
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
A. Gualandi, D. Faranda, C. Marone, M. Cocco, G. Mengaldo
Summary: We use dynamical system tools to analyze frictional stick-slip events and investigate the underlying dynamics associated with the transition from stable sliding to unstable motion. Our analysis shows that the seismic cycle exhibits characteristics of a low-dimensional system and the local properties of the attractor require a high number of degrees of freedom. We propose that the lab seismic cycle is best explained by a random attractor based on rate- and state-dependent friction.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. Sugan, S. Campanella, L. Chiaraluce, M. Michele, A. Vuan
Summary: Approximately 23,000 earthquakes from 2009 to 2016 were used to analyze the seismic activity preceding the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence. It was discovered that the seismic activity mainly occurred near faults and developed in foreshock-mainshock and swarm-like clusters. The progressive localization of the seismic activity weakened the locked patch of the Amatrice mainshock.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Rossella Fonzetti, Luisa Valoroso, Pasquale De Gori, Claudio Chiarabba
Summary: In this study, the aftershock sequence of the ML 5.9 and 5.8 Emilia 2012 earthquakes was accurately relocated using waveform cross correlation and double-difference location methods. The analysis of fault geometry, structure, and rheology was conducted through DD seismic tomography. The results reveal a complex fault system with small-length fault segments coalescing in the Mirandola and Ferrara thrusts, and a possible hydraulic connection along the entire fault system suggested by a continuous high-VP/VS anomaly at seismogenic depth.
SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Giuseppe Pezzo, Mimmo Palano, Lisa Beccaro, Cristiano Tolomei, Matteo Albano, Simone Atzori, Claudio Chiarabba
Summary: We examined the deformation patterns of Mt. Etna caused by volcanic and seismic activities from January 2015 to March 2021 using GNSS and InSAR observations. The most significant pattern observed was the rapid seaward motion of the eastern flank. We also discovered that occasional flank motion reversal indicates short-term contraction of the volcano, which can overcome gravity-controlled sliding of the eastern flank. Conversely, fast dike intrusion accelerates flank sliding and can lead to sudden collapses, fault creep, and seismic release.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Marina Pastori, Paola Baccheschi, Davide Piccinini, Lucia Margheriti
Summary: In this work, the main anisotropic results obtained in the Central Apennines over the last two decades were reviewed. The database was also improved with new results from seismicity in the Montereale area between 2009 and 2017, filling a gap in the previously analyzed datasets. Both seismic sequences and background seismicity were examined, revealing a general NW-SE fast shear wave direction consistent with the orientation of active and inherited fault systems, focal mechanisms, and local stress field. The study also identified a stronger anisotropy strength near the strongest events, concentrated in the hanging-wall of activated fault systems, due to perturbations in the surrounding rock volume altering the stress field and crustal fracturing network. Stress-induced anisotropy according to the Extensive-Dilatancy Anisotropy (EDA) and tectonic-controlled anisotropy according to the Structural-Induced Anisotropy (SIA) models were proposed as the most common interpretative models to explain the results, with a complex discrimination between stress and structural anisotropy in the region.
ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Haddad, C. Chiarabba, M. Lazar, A. Mazzini, A. Polonia, L. Gasperini, M. Lupi
Summary: The Dead Sea Fault (DSF) is a significant continental transform fault separating the African and Arabian plates, leading to extensive volcanic activity in Northern Israel. Using earthquake tomography, we observed a prominent high Vp/Vs anomaly at a depth of 9 km, indicating the presence of cooling melts. We propose that prolonged transtension along the DSF resulted in crustal thinning, facilitating the emplacement of magmatic bodies. Our findings provide compelling evidence for rifting in segments of the DSF and identify the potential source of magmatism in the area.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Irene Menichelli, Pasquale De Gori, Francesco Pio Lucente, Luigi Improta, Claudio Chiarabba
Summary: Tomographic images of the lithosphere provide crucial information for understanding the evolution of mountain belts and their interaction. By analyzing seismic wave data, we obtained reliable Vp and Vp/Vs models in the critical depth range where plates in the central Mediterranean area interact. These models reveal the continuous underthrusting of the European plate in the Alps and the delamination of the Adria lithosphere after collision. Moreover, the tomograms unveil lateral variations in continental and oceanic subduction along the Alpine belt, as well as evidence of fluids that facilitate the ongoing deformation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
L. Valoroso, D. Piccinini, L. Improta, S. Gaviano, C. Giunchi
Summary: We conducted a detailed analysis of the small magnitude Reservoir Induced Seismicity (RIS) associated with the Pertusillo water reservoir in Southern Italy. By using template-matching detection, we obtained a high-precision catalog of 5,070 earthquakes, which allowed us to track the spatiotemporal distribution of the seismicity and map the b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter law. Our findings suggest that the seismicity is controlled by fault architecture and rock properties, and is influenced by seasonal water level oscillations. This study highlights the importance of investigating the complex interaction between human activities, pre-existing faults, and the local stress field in assessing induced seismicity hazard.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Milena Moretti, Lucia Margheriti, Ezio D'Alema, Davide Piccinini
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
