How Rossby wave breaking over the Pacific forces the North Atlantic Oscillation

Anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking (RWB) over a well-defined, limited-area region of the east Pacific leads to the positive polarity of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) by locally piling up wave activity where it may be advected downstream, resulting in increased wave activity flux and anticyclonic RWB over the subtropical Atlantic. A composite time series shows that Pacific RWB occurs several days prior to the Atlantic RWB and the peak of the NAO index. Following Pacific RWB, a channel of increased pseudomomentum flux extends from the Pacific wave breaking region, northeastward toward midlatitudes of eastern North America where pseudomomentum density accumulates for several days prior to moving eastward and leading to anticyclonic RWB over the Atlantic.