Journal
JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION
Volume 30, Issue -, Pages 125-135Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2015.03.009
Keywords
Blind watermarking scheme; Secure signal processing; Signal processing in the encrypted domain; Watermark attack; DWT; DCT; Encrypted domain; Homomorphic encryption
Funding
- 973 Program [2011CB302204]
- National Science & Technology Pillar Program [2012BAK16B06]
- NSFC [U1135001, 61332012]
- Shenzhen RD Program [GJHZ20140418191518323]
- NSF of Guangdong Province [2014A030310112]
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The homomorphic cryptosystems create a great opportunity for secure signal processing (SSP). Watermarking in the encrypted domain provides a promising solution to the security of watermarking. However, the robust performance of the watermarking scheme in the encrypted domain should be carefully considered. In this paper, we propose a robust watermarking scheme in the encrypted domain, which protects the original images from the third party embedders. The hybrid discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) based method improves the robust performance of the encrypted domain watermarking scheme. The watermark extraction can be performed on both the plaintext and the encrypted domains. We also give an estimation of the expanding factor after watermark embedding in the encrypted domain. At last, we discuss the watermark attacks that are available in the encrypted domain. Taking Haar wavelet transform for example, we conduct the experiments on the visual quality and the robustness of our watermarking scheme, which demonstrate that the entire performance is satisfactory. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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