Article
Spectroscopy
Lihui Jia, Yi Chen, Qian Mao, Di Zhang, Jiangyan Yuan, Xiaoguang Li, Shitou Wu, Danping Zhang
Summary: This study introduces a new EPMA method for simultaneously measuring major and trace elements, as well as determining the Fe3+/Sigma Fe ratio in spinel samples. The method provides high-precision data for small, precious, and rare terrestrial or extraterrestrial samples, aiding in the understanding of the formation and evolution of rocky planets.
ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mahmoud R. Khattab
Summary: The El Missikat area in the Eastern Desert of Egypt is one of the most important uranium occurrences. The study analyzed uranium-thorium isotopes in collected samples and found varying activity ratios, suggesting that processes other than charge and radius are important in the mobilization of these elements. The specific activities of U-238 and Th-232 in the rocks exceeded the average permissible limits, indicating a favorable site for uranium deposition.
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Susan K. Hanson, Matthew E. Sanborn, Holly R. Trellue, William S. Kinman
Summary: Measurements of ruthenium isotopic composition can provide information about the method of sample production, irradiation history, and age. The study finds unusual stable ruthenium isotopic compositions consistent with fissiogenic ruthenium in the measurements of a Ru-106 radioactivity standard. Different batches of the material have different isotopic compositions, indicating varying irradiation durations. By measuring Ru-106 and its daughter product Pd-106, the ages of the samples can be inferred.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Quang H. Nguyen, Binh P. Nguyen, Minh T. Nguyen, Matthew C. H. Chua, Trang T. T. Do, Nhung Nghiem
Summary: Bone age is an important index to measure the biological maturity of children. This paper proposes an efficient method based on convolutional neural networks to automatically predict bone age. The method considers the differences in skeletal development between males and females, and utilizes transfer learning to improve prediction performance. The results show that the method outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy and mean absolute error (MAE).
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Liyuan Wang, Zhengyan Hu, Jing Chen, Tianjiao Wang, Pinggu Wu, Ying Ying
Summary: This study developed a method to simultaneously detect a dozen preservatives in pastry using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The preservatives showed good linearity within the range of 1.0-50 μg/mL, with detection limits of 0.04-2.00 mg/kg and quantification limits of 0.12-6.67 mg/kg. The method is suitable for the determination of 12 preservatives in pastry.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Camilla C. Borre, Victor Aguirre Borsen-Koch, Amina Helmi, Helmer H. Koppelman, Martin B. Nielsen, Jakob L. Rorsted, Dennis Stello, Amalie Stokholm, Mark L. Winther, Guy R. Davies, Marc Hon, J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, Chervin F. P. Laporte, Claudia Reyes, Jie Yu
Summary: By studying the ages of remnant stars, we can estimate the merger times of the Milky Way and gain a better understanding of its evolutionary history. Using data from multiple sources, we have successfully determined the ages of 21 red giant stars and classified eight of them as part of one of the largest merger events in the history of our Galaxy.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yuefeng Yuan, Edward J. Garnero, Peimin Zhu, Pei-ying Lin, Renee C. Weber, Fenghua Wang
Summary: A new method is developed for identifying P- and S-waves of deep moonquakes by simultaneously cross-correlating multiple components of motion at multiple seismic stations. This method improves signal-to-noise ratio by stacking a large number of moonquakes in isolated clusters and incorporates all components and stations simultaneously. The introduced closure difference residual time helps identify moonquake events with better data quality or closer source locations to further enhance signal-to-noise ratio.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kate Abeln, Kate Cox, Laura Haggerty, Mary Beth Privitera
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of using multiparticulate formulation administered via the Sympfiny(R) system in children aged 1-12. The results showed high acceptability of the multiparticulate formulation among children aged 5-12, while children aged 1-4 exhibited lower acceptability. However, the majority of parents found the Sympfiny(R) system acceptable and expressed willingness to use it for medication delivery to their child.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Nilanjana Sorcar, Sneha Mukherjee, Naresh Chandra Pant, J. Amal Dev, N. Nishanth
Summary: The study aims to establish quantification conditions for monazite chronology using EPMA and confirms the reliability of the newly installed EPMA facility for U-Th-total Pb chemical age dating of monazite.
JOURNAL OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Hiroyoshi Takamura, Kosuke Hattori, Takumi Ohashi, Taichi Otsu, Isao Kadota
Summary: Structural determination is crucial in the creation of novel drugs and drug leads using marine natural products. In this study, the relative configuration of the C61-C83 fragment of symbiodinolide was elucidated using a stereodivergent synthesis strategy.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Won Lee, Nark-Kyoung Rho, Eun-Jung Yang
Summary: Although the mode of action of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injections remains unclear, it is associated with various non-vascular inflammatory complications. Impurities in hyaluronic acid fillers may lead to an immune response. This study aimed to identify any impurities in hyaluronic acid fillers available on the market, and found contaminant particles such as silicon and aluminum isotopes.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Michael A. Casasanta, G. M. Jonaid, Liam Kaylor, William Y. Luqiu, Maria J. Solares, Mariah L. Schroen, William J. Dearnaley, Jarad Wilson, Madeline J. Dukes, Deborah F. Kelly
Summary: The research team utilized cryo-Electron Microscopy to conduct molecular structural and biochemical analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein, leading to the discovery of an antibody binding site through microchip-based immunoprecipitation assays. These findings are expected to guide future pandemic preparedness strategies.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Chao Zhang, Fuliang Jiang, Biao Tan, Yuying Hao, Mian Zhang, Haoyu Li, Xiaotong Yang, Yixiang Mo, Tao Hu, Shiyan Li, Huiting He
Summary: Preparing similar materials of uranium-bearing granite surrounding rocks in high-level radioactive waste geological disposal repository is necessary for simulating the radon exhalation mechanism. The samples of uranium-bearing granite were prepared based on the principles of model similarity. The optimal proportion of the samples was determined through various tests and analysis, and the properties of radon diffusion coefficient were verified by similarity ratio.
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Z. Faidon Brotzakis, Thomas Lohr, Michele Vendruscolo
Summary: Research using cryo-electron microscopy has identified the process of SARS-CoV-2 spike transitioning from closed to open state, revealing a cryptic pocket that could be targeted for therapeutic interventions. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding transient intermediate states of proteins for developing effective treatments against invisible binding sites.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
You Wu, Tu-bing Yin, Xi-ling Liu, Xiao-song Tan, Zheng Yang, Qiang LI
Summary: The influence of loading rate and high temperature on the dynamic fracture toughness of rock was investigated through dynamic fracture tests, showing that temperature gradient does not significantly distort the stress wave shape and high temperature strengthens the dynamic fracture toughness.
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Alian Wang, Zongcheng Ling, Yuanchao Yan, Alfred S. McEwen, Michael T. Mellon, Michael D. Smith, Bradley L. Jolliff, James Head
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Alian Wang, Yuanchao Yan, Bradley L. Jolliff, Scott M. McLennan, Kun Wang, Erbin Shi, William M. Farrell
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2020)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zhen Tian, Bradley L. Jolliff, Randy L. Korotev, Bruce Fegley, Katharina Lodders, James M. D. Day, Heng Chen, Kun Wang
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2020)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kelsi N. Singer, Bradley L. Jolliff, William B. McKinnon
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2020)
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Alexander A. Nemchin, Tao Long, Bradley L. Jolliff, Yusheng Wan, Joshua F. Snape, Ryan Zeigler, Marion L. Grange, Dunyi Liu, Martin J. Whitehouse, Nicholas E. Timms, Fred Jourdan
Summary: This study presents new U-Pb ages for Apollo 14 and other lunar breccia samples, suggesting that the Imbrium impact occurred approximately 3922 million years ago. Results indicate that 36 samples can be interpreted as representing the formation of the Imbrium basin, supporting the conclusion that Imbrium material was widely distributed across the near side of the Moon. Additionally, 10 samples with ages about 50 million years younger than 3922 million years may represent a separate single impact event on the Moon, warranting further investigation to enhance our understanding of lunar impact history.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Alian Wang, Yuanchao Yan, Darby M. Dyar, Jen L. Houghton, William M. Farrell, Bradley L. Jolliff, Scott M. McLennan, Erbin Shi, Hongkun Qu
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2020)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Xiaohui Fu, Xuting Hou, Jiang Zhang, Bo Li, Zongcheng Ling, Bradley L. Jolliff, Lin Xu, Yongliao Zou
Summary: The CE-5 mission retrieved lunar regolith samples from the northern Oceanus Procellarum (NOP), revealing the presence of non-mare lithologies near the landing site. Chemical analysis identified different compositional groups within the region and suggested the influence of impact mixing on the lunar surface.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
K. L. Utt, R. C. Ogliore, H. A. Bechtel, J. J. Gillis-Davis, B. L. Jolliff
Summary: Space weathering processes alter the physical, chemical, and optical properties of space-exposed soil grains, particularly on the Moon. Super-resolution spectroscopic techniques offer a better understanding of the optical effects of space weathering on sub-micrometer length scales. The study found consistency with prior observations and models of space weathered spectra, providing a direct link between physical/chemical changes on grain surfaces and spectral changes of space weathered bodies.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Mason Neuman, Astrid Holzheid, Katharina Lodders, Bruce Fegley, Bradley L. Jolliff, Piers Koefoed, Heng Chen, Kun Wang
Summary: The study conducted twenty heating experiments to investigate the behavior of K, Cu, and Zn evaporation and isotopic fractionation from basaltic melts at high temperatures. Results show that Zn is the most volatile element followed by Cu and K. However, partitioning of Zn into spinel layers affects the Zn isotope fractionation factor. Higher temperatures and lower oxygen fugacities promote evaporation, and the experimentally determined fractionation factors for K and Cu are significantly larger than the apparent observed fractionation factors from lunar basalts.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaochao Che, Alexander Nemchin, Dunyi Liu, Tao Long, Chen Wang, Marc D. Norman, Katherine H. Joy, Romain Tartese, James Head, Bradley Jolliff, Joshua F. Snape, Clive R. Neal, Martin J. Whitehouse, Carolyn Crow, Gretchen Benedix, Fred Jourdan, Zhiqing Yang, Chun Yang, Jianhui Liu, Shiwen Xie, Zemin Bao, Runlong Fan, Dapeng Li, Zengsheng Li, Stuart G. Webb
Summary: By analyzing the youngest basalt lavas on the Moon, scientists have determined their age to be 1963 million years. This finding provides important constraints on the formation history and thermal evolution of the Moon. Additionally, there is no evidence for high concentrations of heat-producing elements in the deep mantle of the Moon, suggesting the need for alternative mechanisms to explain the continuous formation of lunar magmatism.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jian Chen, Zongcheng Ling, Bradley L. Jolliff, Lingzhi Sun, Le Qiao, Jianzhong Liu, Xiaohui Fu, Jiang Zhang, Bo Li, Changqing Liu, Xiaobin Qi, Xuejin Lu, Zhiping He, Rui Xu
Summary: The Chang'e-4 mission landed in the Von Karman basaltic zone affected by Finse ejecta from the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) compositional anomaly (SPACA). A study using a mineral abundance unmixing model showed that the plagioclase abundance of SPACA exceeds the mineralogical range of SPA impact melt differentiation products, suggesting a contribution from crustal materials.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
K. A. Mistick, R. N. Watkins, B. L. Jolliff, R. R. Ghent, R. L. Korotev, R. A. Zeigler
Summary: Using LROC NAC images, the boulder distribution around Vaughan crater on the far side of the Moon is analyzed, indicating that the crater is very young and a potential source of lunar meteorite Dhofar 961.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Amanda C. Stadermann, Bradley L. Jolliff, Michael J. Krawczynski, Christopher W. Hamilton, Jessica J. Barnes
Summary: Sample 12032,366-18 is a basaltic rock fragment collected during the Apollo 12 mission, enriched in incompatible trace elements such as Th, but not classified as a KREEP basalt. It may represent Th-rich mare basalts within Oceanus Procellarum, based on remote sensing data, with a major mineral assemblage of pyroxene, plagioclase, olivine, and ilmenite. The sample contains a Si-K-rich mesostasis, potentially formed by silicate liquid immiscibility, and experiments show the bulk composition reflects the magma it crystallized from.
METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Xiaohui Fu, Chengxiang Yin, Bradley L. Jolliff, Jiang Zhang, Jian Chen, Zongcheng Ling, Feng Zhang, Yang Liu, Yongliao Zou
Summary: The Chang'E-5 mission successfully returned 1731 g of lunar soil and conducted a comparative study with Apollo and Luna soils, revealing similarities in mineralogy and geochemistry. The CE-5 soil represents a unique type of mare soil with high-FeO, intermediate-TiO2, and elevated incompatible elements. It expands the diversity of lunar samples and provides additional calibration soils for lunar remote sensing. The study also suggests a fractional crystallization history for the CE-5 mare basalt, similar to the Apollo high-Ti basalts.
Meeting Abstract
Geochemistry & Geophysics
X. Che, J. F. Snape, R. Tartese, K. H. Joy, Y. Shi, S. Xie, T. Long, A. A. Nemchin, M. D. Norman, C. R. Neal, J. Head, B. Jolliff, M. J. Whitehouse, Z. Bao, D. Liu
METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Xinze Lu, Geoffrey J. Gilleaudeau, Brian Kendall
Summary: The Late Ordovician mass extinction is the first major extinction event in the Phanerozoic, but the reasons for the decline in global biodiversity before the extinction are not well understood.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Junyao Kang, Daniel D. Gregory, Benjamin Gill, Shiqiang Huang, Changxin Lai, Zhaoshan Chang, Huan Cui, Ivan Belousov, Shuhai Xiao
Summary: Sedimentary pyrite is an important geological archive, but it can be altered by diagenetic and hydrothermal processes. This study successfully trained machine learning algorithms to distinguish pyrite origins using trace element data. The approach was validated and applied to identify the origins of pyrite in two sedimentary successions in South China.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)