Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Delphine Losno, Caroline Fitoussi, Bernard Bourdon
Summary: The accretion of terrestrial planets, such as Mars, involved melting events like magma oceans. This study investigates the relationship between the crystallization of Mars' magma ocean and variations in the silicon isotope record of SNC meteorites. The results suggest that different mantle reservoirs with distinct silicon isotope signatures could have been generated during the crystallization of the martian magma ocean.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeremy Rott, Eva Teresa Toepfer, Maria Bartosova, Ana Kolevica, Alexander Heuser, Michael Rabe, Geert Behets, Patrick C. D'Haese, Viktoria Eichwald, Manfred Jugold, Ivan Damgov, Sotirios G. Zarogiannis, Rukshana Shroff, Anton Eisenhauer, Claus Peter Schmitt
Summary: Serum calcium isotopes have been suggested as a non-invasive and sensitive marker for calcium balance. In this study, low-calcium diet was found to cause significant changes in feces, serum, and urine delta Ca-44/42 in growing rats. Delta Ca-44/42 in serum was inversely correlated with markers of bone mineralization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yi-Ming Ju, Fang Huang, Xin Ding, Li-Bo Mao, Shu-Hong Yu
Summary: This study clarifies the different mineralization pathways of CaCO3 under different Mg2+ ion concentrations by tracing Mg isotope fractionation. The detailed regulatory role of Mg2+ ions at different stages of mineralization is proposed.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yi-Ming Ju, Fang Huang, Xin Ding, Li-Bo Mao, Shu-Hong Yu
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of Mg2+ ion-regulated mineralization of CaCO3 by tracing Mg isotope fractionation. The different mineralization pathways of CaCO3 under different Mg2+ ion concentrations are clarified, and the detailed regulatory role of Mg2+ ions at different stages of mineralization is proposed. These results provide important insights for finely controlling the phase of crystalline products.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wayne Powell, Michael Frachetti, Cemal Pulak, H. Arthur Bankoff, Gojko Barjamovic, Michael Johnson, Ryan Mathur, Vincent C. Pigott, Michael Price, K. Aslihan Yener
Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive sourcing analysis of tin ingots from the Uluburun shipwreck, revealing the culturally diverse and multiregional nature of Eurasian tin exchange during the Late Bronze Age. The study finds that one-third of the tin ingots were sourced from Central Asia, while the remaining two-thirds were derived from the Taurus Mountains of Turkey.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jennifer Mills, Donald J. DePaolo, Laura N. Lammers
Summary: The study demonstrates a certain stoichiometry dependence of calcium isotope fractionation during calcite precipitation, with a small magnitude of change observed across different supersaturation conditions. The results suggest that for most carbonate precipitating environments, solution supersaturation will play a stronger role in determining calcium isotope fractionation than stoichiometry.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Bin Ma, Xin Huang, Xiaocong Cui, Xing Liang, Jingwen Su, Menggui Jin
Summary: The study aims to understand water-rock interaction and groundwater flow processes in aquifers with different mineralogy at the basin scale. Major ion geochemistry and environmental isotopes were used in the Qingyi river basin to investigate aquifers composed of marine carbonate and continental granitic sediments. The results show that dissolution of limestone, silicate minerals, and evapotranspiration play important roles in the hydrogeochemical processes. The study also found evidence of inter-aquifer flow and karstic groundwater leakage.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jinghua Wu, Huan Li, Ryan Mathur, Audrey Bouvier, Wayne Powell, Kotaro Yonezu, Dapeng Zhu
Summary: This study investigated the chemical and Sn isotopic compositions of cassiterite samples from the Xianghualing Sn polymetallic deposit in South China. The results show that the compositional differences of cassiterite are controlled by both cassiterite element partition coefficients and melt/fluid compositions. The concentrations of Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta elements in cassiterite can be used as thermo-indicators of the melt/fluid physicochemical conditions. The concentrations and interelement ratios of Sb, Fe, V, and U in cassiterite can monitor the relative melt/fluid redox state of different cassiterite generations. Tin stable isotopic compositions are notably fractionated, suggesting kinetic disequilibrium fractionation as the main control on cassiterite Sn isotopes fractionation.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiao Liu, Ahyung Yang, Steffen Kuemmel, Hans H. Richnow
Summary: A field study was conducted to characterize the fate of HCH in trees over an annual growth period. The results showed that plants play a crucial role in the uptake and transformation of HCH, with transformation extents varying over different growth periods.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xing Chen, Chunlu Jiang, Liugen Zheng, Liqun Zhang, Xianjie Fu, Shigui Chen, Yongchun Chen, Jie Hu
Summary: This study is the first attempt to combine hydrochemical, isotope, and multivariate statistical analysis methods to explore the origin, control, and influence of fluoride enrichment in mining cities. The results show that mineral dissolution, cation exchange, and evaporation are the main driving processes for groundwater salinization in the study area, with mine drainage inputs exacerbating the increasing salinity of the groundwater.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Seppe Lampe, Bastien Soens, Stepan M. Chernonozhkin, Claudia Gonzalez de Vega, Matthias van Ginneken, Flore Van Maldeghem, Frank Vanhaecke, Billy P. Glass, Ian A. Franchi, Herman Terryn, Vinciane Debaille, Philippe Claeys, Steven Goderis
Summary: Micrometeorites undergo evaporation and atmospheric mixing during atmospheric entry, resulting in changes in their physicochemical properties and chemical isotopic signatures. Previous studies have estimated the extent of evaporation based on chemical and isotopic compositions, but a full integration of these proxies has not been successful. This study analyzed the compositions and iron isotope ratios of 57 chondritic cosmic spherules and found no correlation between chemical and isotopic fractionation. By measuring triple oxygen isotope ratios, a more accurate determination of parent body can be made. The results highlight the importance of iron isotope measurements in micrometeorite studies.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stefania Stevenazzi, Chiara Zuffetti, Corrado A. S. Camera, Alice Lucchelli, Giovanni Pietro Beretta, Riccardo Bersezio, Marco Masetti
Summary: To efficiently manage and protect water resources in mountainous areas, a regional approach was developed in this study, which identified and delineated 16 groundwater bodies using a 3D hydro-stratigraphic model coupled with water budget and hydrochemical fingerprints. The advantages of this approach include identifying strategic storage reservoirs, evaluating water availability, detecting areas for groundwater monitoring networks, and recognizing recharge areas for important springs.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gareth Izon, Genming Luo, Benjamin T. Uveges, Nicolas Beukes, Kouki Kitajima, Shuhei Ono, John W. Valley, Xingyu Ma, Roger E. Summons
Summary: This study uses a new bulk quadruple S-isotope record to investigate support for atmospheric oxygen oscillations in the Rooihoogte Formation in the South African Transvaal Basin. The study finds coexistence of different sulfur pools and extreme spatial variability.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Dale R. Van Stempvoort, John Spoelstra, Greg Bickerton, Geoff Koehler, Bernhard Mayer, Michael Nightingale, John Miller
Summary: Analysis of sulfur and oxygen stable isotope ratios of sulfate in streams and groundwater in the Yukon Territory, Canada, suggests that sulfide mineral oxidation is the main source of sulfate. The wide range of sulfur isotope values indicates a variety of sulfides in bedrock, while the majority of oxygen isotope data align with the expected range for sulfide oxidation. Dissolution of marine-evaporite gypsum is a minor source of sulfate, and the association with other solutes suggests metal release from sulfide minerals and dominance of silicate weathering. Sulfate concentrations in Yukon streams are influenced by geology, terrain, climate, and thawing permafrost. Long-term monitoring shows increasing sulfate concentrations, even in streams unaffected by industrial activities.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yin-Chuan Li, Hai-Zhen Wei, Martin R. Palmer, Jing Ma, Shao-Yong Jiang, Yi-Xiang Chen, Jian-Jun Lu, Xi Liu
Summary: This study investigates the boron isotope fractionation between minerals and aqueous fluids, revealing the order of boron enrichment in minerals and the limited fractionation between minerals formed during subduction and fluids released from subducted crustal lithologies. The findings provide insights into boron sources and pathways in subduction zones and the recycling of trace phases in the deep mantle and ocean island basalts.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hasan Javed Khan, Cynthia M. Ross, Jennifer L. Druhan
Summary: The study investigates the impact of acidic hydraulic fracturing fluid on shale rock fabric during injection, utilizing a combination of experimental and modeling approaches. Through SEM-EDS and high-resolution CT scans, the researchers observed significant changes in mineralogy and fracture network spatial alteration. The results show neutralization of acidic brine, fracture widening, and the influence of carbonate dissolution and fines migration on fracture evolution during reactive core floods.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Barbara F. Esteves, Eleanor Spielman-Sun, Qingyun Li, Adam D. Jew, John R. Bargar, Jennifer L. Druhan
Summary: Celestite (SrSO4) precipitation is a common issue in hydraulic fracturing systems, especially in basins with high concentrations of strontium. In this study, a validated and flexible geochemical model was developed to predict celestite formation in unconventional environments. The model considered the effects of ionic strength, saturation index, and additives, and was expanded to include interactions between hydraulic fracturing fluids and shale rocks.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
N. M. Fernandez, J. Bouchez, L. A. Derry, J. Chorover, J. Gaillardet, I Giesbrecht, D. Fries, J. L. Druhan
Summary: This study analyzes the stable silicon isotope ratios (δ30Si) of stream water samples from six catchments with different climates and lithologies to understand the variability of δ30Si in low-order catchments and the controls on Si chemical and isotopic signatures. The results show that δ30Si varies both within and across sites, with distinct signatures preserved even after normalization for bedrock composition. The combined model used in this study reveals that site-specific architecture regulates stream silicon export signatures.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Rosemary W. H. Carroll, Jeffrey Deems, Matthias Sprenger, Reed Maxwell, Wendy Brown, Alexander Newman, Curtis Beutler, Kenneth H. Williams
Summary: A hydrologic and snowpack stable water isotope model is used to assess the controls on isotopic inputs in a mountainous basin. The study finds that the most depleted isotopic conditions occur in the upper subalpine where snow accumulation is high and rainfall is low. The isotopic inputs in meltwater are determined by the amount, phase, and isotopic mass of precipitation during the ablation period. Evaporative loss from the snowpack has the greatest effect on d-excess in snowmelt above treeline and in regions with low vegetation shading.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Water Resources
Eileen Lukens, Bethany T. Neilson, Kenneth H. Williams, Janice Brahney
Summary: Hydrograph separation is an important method for analyzing shifts in source water contributions to stream flow in remote watersheds. This study compared the results of using mass balance and principle component analysis techniques in the East River watershed in Colorado, and found relatively good agreement in annual volumetric end-member contributions to stream flow. However, there were large variations in time and differences in estimated flow contributions between selected solutes. Multiple hydrograph separation techniques can provide a 'weight-of-evidence' approach in data-limited environments.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Basem Al-Shayeb, Marie C. Schoelmerich, Jacob West-Roberts, Luis E. Valentin-Alvarado, Rohan Sachdeva, Susan Mullen, Alexander Crits-Christoph, Michael J. Wilkins, Kenneth H. Williams, Jennifer A. Doudna, Jillian F. Banfield
Summary: Anaerobic methane oxidation is controlled by large, diverse DNA sequences called 'Borgs' that provide Methanoperedens archaea with access to key genes involved in redox reactions and energy conservation. These Borgs play a crucial role in the metabolism of Methanoperedens archaea, which could impact greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the need for further research to establish their functional relevance.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Sergio Carrero, Sarah P. Slotznick, Sirine C. Fakra, M. Cole Sitar, Sharon E. Bone, Jeffrey L. Mauk, Andrew H. Manning, Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell, Kenneth H. Williams, Jillian F. Banfield, Benjamin Gilbert
Summary: The oxidative weathering of sulfidic rock has significant impacts on watersheds through the release of acidity and metals. By utilizing a combination of mineralogical and geochemical techniques, researchers were able to develop a weathering model that accurately predicts the pathways and controls of mineral transformation. This study provides valuable insights into the weathering processes of sulfidic sedimentary rocks and their implications for water quality.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tetsu K. Tokunaga, Ahn Phuong Tran, Jiamin Wan, Wenming Dong, Alexander W. Newman, Curtis A. Beutler, Wendy Brown, Amanda N. Henderson, Kenneth H. Williams
Summary: Quantifying flow and transport from hillslopes is crucial for understanding water quantity and quality in rivers, but the limited subsurface measurements make it not clear enough. Optimizing subsurface flux predictions and pore water chemistry profiles over multiple years can predict the time-dependent rates of solute exports from hillslopes.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nicholas E. E. Thiros, Erica R. R. Siirila-Woodburn, P. James Dennedy-Frank, Kenneth H. H. Williams, W. Payton Gardner
Summary: This study investigates the groundwater residence times in a mountain catchment in the East River Watershed, Colorado, USA. The results show that the groundwater in the upslope well has a residence time of hundreds of years, while the groundwater in the toe-slope well has a residence time of thousands of years. This highlights the importance of recharge dynamics and flow path mixing in the groundwater system.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Alison K. Tune, Jennifer L. Druhan, Corey R. Lawrence, Daniella M. Rempe
Summary: This study investigates the oxidation of organic carbon in sedimentary bedrock and finds that the actual oxidation rate in the field is much lower than the rate achieved in laboratory experiments. Physical accessibility of organic carbon is found to be a key factor influencing oxidation, and respiration of recently fixed carbon from deep rooting dominates CO2 production.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benjamin Gilbert, Sergio Carrero, Wenming Dong, Claresta Joe-Wong, Bhavna Arora, Patricia Fox, Peter Nico, Kenneth H. Williams
Summary: Daily measurements of river concentration of thorium (Th) provide novel insights into bedrock fracture processes. River Th concentrations show distinct patterns, uncorrelated with precipitation or atmospheric deposition. There is a weak statistical correlation between Th and seismic motion caused by distant earthquakes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Peter B. Kelemen, Jurg M. Matter, Damon A. H. Teagle, Jude A. Coggon, Marguerite Godard, Katsuyoshi Michibayashi, Eiichi Takazawa, Alexis S. Templeton, Ken Williams, Zaher Al Sulaimani
Summary: This article provides a preface, which includes background information, a scientific overview, and an annotated bibliography of 63 papers published in the Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR) Special Issue on Ophiolites and Oceanic Lithosphere, with a focus on the Samail Ophiolite. The topics covered in the special issue include the formation and alteration of igneous ocean crust, subduction zone mass transfer, emplacement and evolution of ophiolites, processes of alteration and weathering of tectonically exhumed mantle peridotite, and the subsurface biosphere in the peridotite weathering environment. The bibliography is provided as a supplementary Excel spreadsheet with links to each paper, organized by topic but sortable by various factors.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Christopher Zahasky, Manju Pharkavi Murugesu, Takeshi Kurotori, Collin Sutton, Jennifer L. L. Druhan, Bolivia Vega, Sally M. M. Benson, Anthony R. R. Kovscek
Summary: In this study, positron emission tomography (PET) was used to visualize the transport of a conservative tracer in fractured geologic materials. The resulting observations were analyzed using an analytical transport model, showing slight increases in matrix diffusivity and a more uniform fracture velocity distribution after exposure to low pH brine conditions. This new image-based workflow provides insights into fracture-matrix transport processes and lays the foundation for future research on coupled transport, reaction, and mechanical processes in naturally fractured rocks.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Barbara F. Esteves, Jennifer L. Druhan, Adam D. Jew
Summary: This study combines experimental data and numerical modeling to understand the geochemical behavior of barite accumulation in shale oil and gas reservoirs. A pH-dependent kinetic model for barite precipitation is proposed based on experimental evidence, providing a reliable tool to predict and mitigate secondary mineral accumulation in unconventional shale reservoirs.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Keira Johnson, Adrian Harpold, Rosemary W. H. Carroll, Holly Barnard, Mark S. Raleigh, Catalina Segura, Li Li, Kenneth H. Williams, Wenming Dong, Pamela L. Sullivan
Summary: Summer streamflow predictions are crucial for water resource management, but shifts from snow to rain regimes and reductions in snowpack affect low-flow predictive models. Understanding the variability of groundwater contributions is important for predicting summer low flows. This study quantifies the groundwater contribution during the recession limb to predict summer low flows in three western US watersheds. The results show that recession limb groundwater is a strong predictor of low flows across all sites and significantly improves prediction compared to snow metrics at rain-dominated sites. The study suggests that the control of recession limb groundwater on summer low flows may be mediated by subsurface storage, with the proportion of dynamic storage being a key factor. Including recession limb groundwater improves low-flow prediction in diverse watersheds.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Xinze Lu, Geoffrey J. Gilleaudeau, Brian Kendall
Summary: The Late Ordovician mass extinction is the first major extinction event in the Phanerozoic, but the reasons for the decline in global biodiversity before the extinction are not well understood.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Junyao Kang, Daniel D. Gregory, Benjamin Gill, Shiqiang Huang, Changxin Lai, Zhaoshan Chang, Huan Cui, Ivan Belousov, Shuhai Xiao
Summary: Sedimentary pyrite is an important geological archive, but it can be altered by diagenetic and hydrothermal processes. This study successfully trained machine learning algorithms to distinguish pyrite origins using trace element data. The approach was validated and applied to identify the origins of pyrite in two sedimentary successions in South China.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)