Estimation of weathering rates and CO2 drawdown based on solute load: Significance of granulites and gneisses dominated weathering in the Kaveri River basin, Southern India

The solute load of the Kaveri River (South India) and its tributaries draining diverse Precambrian terrains during pre-monsoon and monsoon periods was determined. Using average annual flow, total drainage area and atmospheric input corrected major ion concentrations of these rivers chemical weathering rates, annual fluxes of different ionic species to the ocean and CO2 consumption rates were estimated. Bicarbonate is the most dominant ion (27-79% of anion budget) in all the river samples collected during monsoon period followed by Ca2+, whereas, in case of pre-monsoon water samples Na+ is the most dominant ion (in meq/l). Two approaches were adopted to estimate silicate and carbonate weathering rates in the drainage basin. At Musuri silicate weathering rate (SWR) is 9.44 +/- 0.29 tons/km(2)/a and carbonate weathering rate (CWR) is 1.46 +/- 0.16 tons/km(2)/a. More than 90% of the total ionic budget is derived from weathering of silicates in the Kaveri basin. CO2 consumption rate in the basin for silicate weathering F(CO2)sil is 3.83 +/- 0.12 x 10(5) mol/km(2)/a (upper limit), which is comparable with the Himalayan rivers at upper reaches. For carbonate weathering (F(CO2)carb) CO2 consumption rate is 0.15 +/- 0.03 x 10(5) mol/km(2)/a in the Kaveri basin. The lower limit of CO2 consumption rate corrected for H2SO4 during silicate and carbonate weathering is F(CO2)sil is 3.24 x 100(5) mol/km(2)/a and F(CO2)carb 0.13 x 10(5) mol/km(2)/a respectively. CO2 sequestered due to silicate weathering in the Kaveri basin is 25.41 (+/- 0.82) x 10(9) mol/a which represents 0.21 (+/- 0.01)% of global CO2 drawdown. This may be due to tropical climatic condition, high rainfall during both SW and NE monsoon and predominance of silicate rocks in the Kaveri basin. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.