Estimation of the Composition of the Earth's Primary Aqueous Phase. 2. Synthesis from the Mantle and Igneous Rock Material. Comparison with Synthesis from the Carbonaceous Chondrite Material

Simulation results of the equilibrium state of systems water-carbonaceous chondrite material, water-primary mantle material, water-ultramafic rock material, and water-mafic rock material open with respect to carbon dioxide and methane at 25 degrees C, 1 bar indicate that highly alkaline reduced aqueous solutions with K/Na > 1 can be formed only if water is in equilibrium with compositions close to those of continental crust and primitive mantle. Yu. V. Natochin's hypothesis that the living cell can be formed only in an aqueous environment with K/Na > 1 leads to the conclusion that terrestrial life could arise and further evolve on the Earth during the differentiation of primary chondritic material into the Earth's core and mantle (during the first few million years of the planet's lifetime) in an alkaline (pH 9-10) reduced (Eh = -400-500 mV) aqueous solution at a temperature of 50-60 degrees C, in equilibrium with an N(2)-bearing atmosphere, which also contained CH(4) (partial pressure from 10(-2) to 10(-8) bar), CO(2) (partial pressure from 10(-5) to 10(-8) bar), NH(3), H(2), H(2)S, CO, and other gases.