Article
Immunology
Laura Krogh Herlin, Kristoffer Skaalum Hansen, Jacob Bodilsen, Lykke Larsen, Christian Brandt, Christian Ostergaard Andersen, Birgitte Ronde Hansen, Hans Rudolf Luttichau, Jannik Helweg-Larsen, Lothar Wiese, Merete Storgaard, Henrik Nielsen, Trine H. Mogensen
Summary: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis primarily affects elderly or immunocompromised patients, with a higher incidence than previously estimated. Delayed diagnosis and treatment are common. Risk factors for unfavorable outcomes include age, cerebral vasculitis, and GCS <15.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lena S. S. Abbuehl, Eveline Hofmann, Arsany Hakim, Anelia Dietmann
Summary: This review provides an overview of the existing literature on herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis, and summarizes the prognostic factors of these viral infections. The mortality rates for HSV and VZV encephalitis range from 5% to 20%, and the complete recovery rates are between 14% to 43% (HSV) and 33% to 49% (VZV). Larger and standardised observational studies with validated case definitions and outcome measures are needed to provide solid evidence for answering the research question.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jill Parkes-Smith, Alex Chaudhuri
Summary: The manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid parameters of varicella zoster virus (VZV) central nervous system (CNS) infections were compared with enterovirus (EV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infections. VZV had distinct clinical and CSF characteristics, similar to HSV-1 and HSV-2. Routine testing for VZV should be performed when viral CNS infection is suspected.
INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ken Takami, Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Ayako Kumabe, Megumi Fukuzawa, Yoko Eto, Shun Nakata, Katsuhiro Shinohara, Kazunori Endo
Summary: VZV reactivation should be considered in patients with sporadic blisters and unexplained central nervous system symptoms. Diagnosis can be confirmed through clinical presentation, laboratory tests, and imaging. Early treatment with antiviral medication is important to prevent complications, but some sequelae may persist despite treatment.
WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES
(2022)
Review
Virology
Johanna Heinz, Peter G. E. Kennedy, Trine H. Mogensen
Summary: Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved cellular process that degrades cytosolic organelles or foreign material to maintain cellular homeostasis, and has emerged as an important process in complex interactions with viral pathogens during infection. The role of autophagy in Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) infection appears to be complex and sometimes opposing, with evidence suggesting both proviral and antiviral effects depending on the specific virus and cellular context.
Article
Infectious Diseases
A. Le Bot, A. Ballerie, C. Pronier, F. Benezit, F. Reizine, M. Tas, P. Jego, M. Revest, Y. Le Tulzo, P. Fillatre, Pierre Tattevin
Summary: This study investigated a total of 36 adult patients hospitalized for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) meningitis or encephalitis in one referral center from 2000 to 2015. Age was the only variable associated with adverse outcomes, with no patient deaths but 33% of patients experiencing neurological sequelae at discharge.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Filipa Rodrigues, Mariana Santos, Eduardo Macedo, Jose Miguel Rocha, Luis Silva, Ana S. Oliveira, Joana Alves, Isabel Apolinario
Summary: This article presents a case of varicella-zoster virus encephalitis in an HIV-infected patient. Immunocompromised patients with poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy are at increased risk of severe disease and central nervous system involvement. The patient showed clinical improvement and a favorable outcome after receiving intravenous acyclovir treatment.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Andrew N. Bubak, Cheryl Beseler, Christina N. Como, Christina M. Coughlan, Noah R. Johnson, James E. Hassell, Anna M. Burnet, Teresa Mescher, D. Scott Schmid, Colin Coleman, Ravi Mahalingam, Randall J. Cohrs, Timothy D. Boyd, Huntington Potter, Ali H. Shilleh, Holger A. Russ, Maria A. Nagel
Summary: This study found that VZV infection increases levels of amyloidogenic peptides and amyloid in CSF and qHPNCs, indicating a potential role in persistent arterial inflammation in VZV vasculopathy. Additionally, a novel proviral function of amylin was identified during infection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Xin Hong, Youqi Ji, Mengyuan Chen, Fang Su, Yongze Zhu, Yumei Ge
Summary: We report a rare case of acute varicella zoster viral encephalitis in an immunocompetent adult patient without cutaneous herpes, diagnosed through metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid.
FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nabli Fatma, Saied Zakaria, Zouari Mourad, Belal Samir, Ben Sassi Samia
Summary: This report describes a case of atypical anti-NMDAR encephalitis with concomitant varicella zoster virus reactivation. The patient achieved favorable outcome with combined antiviral treatment and immunomodulatory therapy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mary D. Maher, Vivian Paraskevi Douglas, Konstantinos A. A. Douglas, Sarah I. Collens, Aubrey L. Gilbert, Nurhan Torun, Joshua P. Klein, Lucia Sobrin, Bradley R. Buchbinder, Rajiv Gupta, Shibani S. Mukerji, Bart K. Chwalisz
Summary: This study investigated the clinical and MRI characteristics of 37 patients with VZV reactivation involving cranial nerves and CNS, finding that optic perineuritis (OPN) is a common manifestation in VZV-associated vision loss among immunocompetent patients, while immunosuppressed patients had greater neuraxis involvement. Optimizing MRI protocols may improve early diagnosis in VZV reactivation.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Ophthalmology
Plern Sutra, Itsara Pokawattana
Summary: This review summarizes the current knowledge of VZV ocular infection phenotype, focusing on VZV retinal vasculopathy. Diagnosis can be made through various tests, and the pathogenesis and treatment options of this condition are discussed.
CURRENT OPINION IN OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Philip El-Duah, Augustina Angelina Sylverken, Michael Owusu, Yaw Ampem Amoako, Richmond Yeboah, Richmond Gorman, Emmanuella Nyarko-Afriyie, Julia Schneider, Terry C. Jones, Joseph Bonney, Titus Adade, Eric Smart Yeboah, Tabea Binger, Victor Max Corman, Christian Drosten, Richard Odame Phillips
Summary: This study identified a case of co-infection with HIV-1 and Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), highlighting the potential role of HIV in encephalitis cases in Ghana. Diagnostic tests for CSF HIV in Ghana are important for shedding light on HIV infections and genetic characteristics of VZV. The study also provides initial insights into the genetic characterization of VZV in Kumasi, Ghana.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yunqi Zhu, Miaomiao Xu, Chengyuan Ding, Zhihang Peng, Weixiao Wang, Binghu Sun, Jian Cheng, Chen Chen, Wei Chen, Hongxia Wei, Zhiliang Hu
Summary: This study suggests that CSF mNGS may have higher sensitivity for VZV detection than CSF VZV PCR and antibody tests, and has the advantage of identifying unexpected pathogens.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria del Carmen Vazquez-Friol, Hortensia Alvarez, Cintia Tunas-Gesto
Summary: This case report presents the rare occurrence of intracerebral VZV vasculopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The patient exhibited neurological symptoms, but no overt clinical manifestation. Imaging findings and CSF testing confirmed the diagnosis. Interestingly, the patient showed symptomatic improvement after treatment, but control brain MR angiography still showed vascular stenosis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wolfgang Langhans, Roger Adan, Myrtha Arnold, William A. Banks, J. Patrick Card, Megan J. Dailey, Derek Daniels, Annette D. de Kloet, Guillaume de lartigue, Suzanne Dickson, Shahana Fedele, Harvey J. Grill, John-Olov Jansson, Sharon Kaufman, Grant Kolar, Eric Krause, Shin J. Lee, Christelle Le Foll, Barry E. Levin, Thomas A. Lutz, Abdelhak Mansouri, Timothy H. Moran, Gustavo Pacheco-Lopez, Deepti Ramachandran, Helen Raybould, Linda Rinaman, Willis K. Samson, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Randy J. Seeley, Karolina P. Skibicka, Dana Small, Alan C. Spector, Kellie L. Tamashiro, Brian Templeton, Stefan Trapp, Patrick Tso, Alan G. Watts, Nadja Weissfeld, Diana Williams, Christian Wolfrum, Gina Yosten, Stephen C. Woods
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2018)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amaran Moodley, Jack Swanson, Charles Grose, Daniel J. Bonthius
JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2019)
Article
Virology
James H. Girsch, Katherine Walters, Wallen Jackson, Charles Grose
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2019)
Editorial Material
Virology
Charles Grose, Lynn W. Enquist
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Veena Ramachandran, Stephen C. Elliott, Kathie L. Rogers, Randall J. Cohrs, Miles Weinberger, Wallen Jackson, John E. Carpenter, Charles Grose, Daniel J. Bonthius
JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Virology
James H. Girsch, Wallen Jackson, John E. Carpenter, Thomas O. Moninger, Keith W. Jarosinski, Charles Grose
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2020)
Review
Virology
Ethan H. Heusel, Charles Grose
Review
Immunology
Nathan B. Price, Charles Grose
Summary: Corticosteroids, especially in high dosages, may increase the risk of serious adverse events following live varicella and zoster vaccination. Studies have shown that patients receiving corticosteroids after vaccination are more prone to severe infectious complications, highlighting the importance of monitoring for such risks in clinical practice.
Editorial Material
Ophthalmology
Nasreen A. Syed, Charles Grose
JAMA OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Nathan B. Price, Charles Grose
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Charles Grose
Article
Virology
Prashanth S. Ramachandran, Michael R. Wilson, Gaud Catho, Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner, Nicoline Schiess, Randall J. Cohrs, David Boutolleau, Sonia Burrel, Tetsushi Yoshikawa, Anne Wapniarski, Ethan H. Heusel, John E. Carpenter, Wallen Jackson, Bradley A. Ford, Charles Grose
Summary: This study reported two cases of vaccine meningitis in immunocompetent children who had received varicella vaccine, and further investigations revealed a potential risk factor associated with vaccine meningitis.
Editorial Material
Virology
Charles Grose, Joel Rovnak, Ravi Mahalingam
Review
Virology
Ola Khallafallah, Charles Grose
Summary: In West and Central Africa, monkeypox primarily affects older children, adolescents, and young adults. Coinfections of chickenpox and monkeypox have been observed, suggesting that chickenpox may be a risk factor for acquiring monkeypox. The hypothesis is that the skin lesions from chickenpox provide an entry site for the monkeypox virus, which is present in the patient's environment. Additionally, prior chickenpox infection moderates the severity of the secondary monkeypox infection.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mackenzie M. Shipley, Daniel W. Renner, Utsav Pandey, Bradley Ford, David C. Bloom, Charles Grose, Moriah L. Szpara
COLD SPRING HARBOR MOLECULAR CASE STUDIES
(2019)