Article
Microbiology
Allison J. Greaney, Tyler N. Starr, Pavlo Gilchuk, Seth J. Zost, Elad Binshtein, Andrea N. Loes, Sarah K. Hilton, John Huddleston, Rachel Eguia, Katharine H. D. Crawford, Adam S. Dingens, Rachel S. Nargi, Rachel E. Sutton, Naveenchandra Suryadevara, Paul W. Rothlauf, Zhuoming Liu, Sean P. J. Whelan, Robert H. Carnahan, James E. Crowe, Jesse D. Bloom
Summary: Antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) are key in neutralizing antibody responses, and a deep mutational scanning method was used to assess the impact of all amino-acid mutations in the RBD on antibody binding with 10 human monoclonal antibodies. The study identified the clustered escape mutations in different surfaces of the RBD that correspond to structurally defined antibody epitopes, showing that even antibodies targeting the same surface can have distinct escape mutations.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jackson S. Turner, Aaron Day, Wafaa B. Alsoussi, Zhuoming Liu, Jane A. O'Halloran, Rachel M. Presti, Bruce K. Patterson, Sean P. J. Whelan, Ali H. Ellebedy, Philip A. Mudd
Summary: Prolonged shedding of viral RNA can occur in some individuals with COVID-19 for more than 3 months, and impaired CD8+ T cells may play a role in this process.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew McCallum, Anna De Marco, Florian Lempp, M. Alejandra Tortorici, Dora Pinto, Alexandra C. Walls, Martina Beltramello, Alex Chen, Zhuoming Liu, Fabrizia Zatta, Samantha Zepeda, Julia di Iulio, John E. Bowen, Martin Montiel-Ruiz, Jiayi Zhou, Laura E. Rosen, Siro Bianchi, Barbara Guarino, Chiara Silacci Fregni, Rana Abdelnabi, Shi-Yan Caroline Foo, Paul W. Rothlauf, Louis-Marie Bloyet, Fabio Benigni, Elisabetta Cameroni, Johan Neyts, Agostino Riva, Gyorgy Snell, Amalio Telenti, Sean P. J. Whelan, Herbert W. Virgin, Davide Corti, Matteo Samuele Pizzuto, David Veesler
Summary: The study identifies 41 human monoclonal antibodies that recognize the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and exhibit strong neutralizing activity. These antibodies inhibit cell-to-cell fusion, activate effector functions, and protect animals from virus challenge, highlighting the importance of NTD-specific neutralizing antibodies for protective immunity and vaccine development. Several SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the NTD supersite suggest ongoing selective pressure on the virus.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Parakkal Deepak, Wooseob Kim, Michael A. Paley, Monica Yang, Alexander B. Carvidi, Emanuel G. Demissie, Alia A. El-Qunni, Alem Haile, Katherine Huang, Baylee Kinnett, Mariel J. Liebeskind, Zhuoming Liu, Lily E. McMorrow, Diana Paez, Niti Pawar, Dana C. Perantie, Rebecca E. Schriefer, Shannon E. Sides, Mahima Thapa, Mate Gergely, Suha Abushamma, Sewuese Akuse, Michael Klebert, Lynne Mitchell, Darren Nix, Jonathan Graf, Kimberly E. Taylor, Salim Chahin, Matthew A. Ciorba, Patricia Katz, Mehrdad Matloubian, Jane A. O'Halloran, Rachel M. Presti, Gregory F. Wu, Sean P. J. Whelan, William J. Buchser, Lianne S. Gensler, Mary C. Nakamura, Ali H. Ellebedy, Alfred H. J. Kim
Summary: Patients with CID show immune response to mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, but some may have lower antibody levels, especially those receiving glucocorticoids and B-cell depletion therapy. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Safder S. Ganaie, Madeline M. Schwarz, Cynthia M. McMillen, David A. Price, Annie X. Feng, Joseph R. Albe, Wenjie Wang, Shane Miersch, Anthony Orvedahl, Aidan R. Cole, Monica F. Sentmanat, Nawneet Mishra, Devin A. Boyles, Zachary T. Koenig, Michael R. Kujawa, Matthew A. Demers, Ryan M. Hoehl, Austin B. Moyle, Nicole D. Wagner, Sarah H. Stubbs, Lia Cardarelli, Joan Teyra, Anita McElroy, Michael L. Gross, Sean P. J. Whelan, John Doench, Xiaoxia Cui, Tom J. Brett, Sachdev S. Sidhu, Herbert W. Virgin, Takeshi Egawa, Daisy W. Leung, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Amy L. Hartman
Summary: RVFV infection depends on host factors such as Lrp1, Grp94, and RAP, which directly bind to the viral glycoprotein without glycosylation dependence. Exogenous addition of mRAP(D3) and anti-Lrp1 antibodies can neutralize RVFV infection. By regulating these factors, it is possible to limit the occurrence of RVFV infections.
Article
Immunology
Aaron J. Schmitz, Jackson S. Turner, Zhuoming Liu, Julian Q. Zhou, Ishmael D. Aziati, Rita E. Chen, Astha Joshi, Traci L. Bricker, Tamarand L. Darling, Daniel C. Adelsberg, Clara G. Altomare, Wafaa B. Alsoussi, James Brett Case, Laura A. VanBlargan, Tingting Lei, Mahima Thapa, Fatima Amanat, Trushar Jeevan, Thomas Fabrizio, Jane A. O'Halloran, Pei-Yong Shi, Rachel M. Presti, Richard J. Webby, Florian Krammer, Sean P. J. Whelan, Goran Bajic, Michael S. Diamond, Adrianus C. M. Boon, Ali H. Ellebedy
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 antigenic variants poses a public health threat, but analysis of monoclonal antibodies suggests that some antibodies can neutralize various variants. The study also found that an antibody called 2C08 has neutralizing effects against multiple variants and can reduce viral load and morbidity in animal models.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rita E. Chen, Emma S. Winkler, James Brett Case, Ishmael D. Aziati, Traci L. Bricker, Astha Joshi, Tamarand L. Darling, Baoling Ying, John M. Errico, Swathi Shrihari, Laura A. VanBlargan, Xuping Xie, Pavlo Gilchuk, Seth J. Zost, Lindsay Droit, Zhuoming Liu, Spencer Stumpf, David Wang, Scott A. Handley, W. Blaine Jr Jr Stine, Pei-Yong Shi, Meredith E. Davis-Gardner, Mehul S. Suthar, Miguel Garcia Knight, Raul Andino, Charles Y. Chiu, Ali H. Ellebedy, Daved H. Fremont, Sean P. J. Whelan, James E. Jr Jr Crowe, Lisa Purcell, Davide Corti, Adrianus C. M. Boon, Michael S. Diamond
Summary: Cell culture experiments showed reduced or abrogated neutralizing activity of monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variant strains, but low prophylactic doses of antibody combinations protected against infection in vivo without resistance emergence. Higher doses of several monoclonal antibody cocktails also provided protection against viruses with a B.1.351 spike gene in vivo. Many antibody products with Emergency Use Authorization should therefore retain substantial efficacy against prevailing variant strains of SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. Alejandra Tortorici, Nadine Czudnochowski, Tyler N. Starr, Roberta Marzi, Alexandra C. Walls, Fabrizia Zatta, John E. Bowen, Stefano Jaconi, Julia Di Iulio, Zhaoqian Wang, Anna De Marco, Samantha K. Zepeda, Dora Pinto, Zhuoming Liu, Martina Beltramello, Istvan Bartha, Michael P. Housley, Florian A. Lempp, Laura E. Rosen, Exequiel Dellota, Hannah Kaiser, Martin Montiel-Ruiz, Jiayi Zhou, Amin Addetia, Barbara Guarino, Katja Culap, Nicole Sprugasci, Christian Saliba, Eneida Vetti, Isabella Giacchetto-Sasselli, Chiara Silacci Fregni, Rana Abdelnabi, Shi-Yan Caroline Foo, Colin Havenar-Daughton, Michael A. Schmid, Fabio Benigni, Elisabetta Cameroni, Johan Neyts, Amalio Telenti, Herbert W. Virgin, Sean P. J. Whelan, Gyorgy Snell, Jesse D. Bloom, Davide Corti, David Veesler, Matteo Samuele Pizzuto
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and recurrent spillovers of coronaviruses into the human population emphasize the need for broadly neutralizing antibodies to prevent future zoonotic infections. The human monoclonal antibody S2X259 has shown promising results in neutralizing various forms of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially zoonotic sarbecoviruses by inhibiting the binding of ACE2 to the receptor-binding domain. This antibody targets a key antigenic site and may guide the design of vaccines effective against all sarbecoviruses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wooseob Kim, Julian Q. Zhou, Stephen C. Horvath, Aaron J. Schmitz, Alexandria J. Sturtz, Tingting Lei, Zhuoming Liu, Elizaveta Kalaidina, Mahima Thapa, Wafaa B. Alsoussi, Alem Haile, Michael K. Klebert, Teresa Suessen, Luis Parra-Rodriguez, Philip A. Mudd, Sean P. J. Whelan, William D. Middleton, Sharlene A. Teefey, Iskra Pusic, Jane A. O'Halloran, Rachel M. Presti, Jackson S. Turner, Ali H. Ellebedy
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces a persistent germinal center reaction in humans, resulting in affinity-matured long-term antibody responses that potently neutralize the virus.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Young-Jun Park, Anna De Marco, Tyler N. Starr, Zhuoming Liu, Dora Pinto, Alexandra C. Walls, Fabrizia Zatta, Samantha K. Zepeda, John Bowen, Kaitlin S. Sprouse, Anshu Joshi, Martina Giurdanella, Barbara Guarino, Julia Noack, Rana Abdelnabi, Shi-Yan Caroline Foo, Florian A. Lempp, Fabio Benigni, Gyorgy Snell, Johan Neyts, Sean Pj Whelan, Herbert W. Virgin, Jesse D. Bloom, Davide Corti, Matteo Samuele Pizzuto, David Veesler
Summary: Understanding broadly neutralizing sarbecovirus antibody responses is crucial for developing countermeasures against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future sarbecoviruses. The human monoclonal antibody S2K146 has been found to broadly neutralize ACE2-binding viruses and shows potential for clinical development. Conserved ACE2-binding residues could be leveraged for developing vaccines that elicit broad immunity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marciela M. DeGrace, Elodie Ghedin, Matthew B. Frieman, Florian Krammer, Alba Grifoni, Arghavan Alisoltani, Galit Alter, Rama R. Amara, Ralph S. Baric, Dan H. Barouch, Jesse D. Bloom, Louis-Marie Bloyet, Gaston Bonenfant, Adrianus C. M. Boon, Eli A. Boritz, Debbie L. Bratt, Traci L. Bricker, Liliana Brown, William J. Buchser, Juan Manuel Carreno, Liel Cohen-Lavi, Tamarand L. Darling, Meredith E. Davis-Gardner, Bethany L. Dearlove, Han Di, Meike Dittmann, Nicole A. Doria-Rose, Daniel C. Douek, Christian Drosten, Venkata-Viswanadh Edara, Ali Ellebedy, Thomas P. Fabrizio, Guido Ferrari, Will M. Fischer, William C. Florence, Ron A. M. Fouchier, John Franks, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Adam Godzik, Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche, Aubree Gordon, Bart L. Haagmans, Peter J. Halfmann, David D. Ho, Michael R. Holbrook, Yaoxing Huang, Sarah L. James, Lukasz Jaroszewski, Trushar Jeevan, Robert M. Johnson, Terry C. Jones, Astha Joshi, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Lisa Kercher, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Bette Korber, Eilay Koren, Richard A. Koup, Eric B. LeGresley, Jacob E. Lemieux, Mariel J. Liebeskind, Zhuoming Liu, Brandi Livingston, James P. Logue, Yang Luo, Adrian B. McDermott, Margaret J. McElrath, Victoria A. Meliopoulos, Vineet D. Menachery, David C. Montefiori, Barbara Muehlemann, Vincent J. Munster, Jenny E. Munt, Manoj S. Nair, Antonia Netzl, Anna M. Niewiadomska, Sijy O'Dell, Andrew Pekosz, Stanley Perlman, Marjorie C. Pontelli, Barry Rockx, Morgane Rolland, Paul W. Rothlauf, Sinai Sacharen, Richard H. Scheuermann, Stephen D. Schmidt, Michael Schotsaert, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Robert A. Seder, Mayya Sedova, Alessandro Sette, Reed S. Shabman, Xiaoying Shen, Pei-Yong Shi, Maulik Shukla, Viviana Simon, Spencer Stumpf, Nancy J. Sullivan, Larissa B. Thackray, James Theiler, Paul G. Thomas, Sanja Trifkovic, Sina Tureli, Samuel A. Turner, Maria A. Vakaki, Harm van Bakel, Laura A. VanBlargan, Leah R. Vincent, Zachary S. Wallace, Li Wang, Maple Wang, Pengfei Wang, Wei Wang, Scott C. Weaver, Richard J. Webby, Carol D. Weiss, David E. Wentworth, Stuart M. Weston, Sean P. J. Whelan, Bradley M. Whitener, Samuel H. Wilks, Xuping Xie, Baoling Ying, Hyejin Yoon, Bin Zhou, Tomer Hertz, Derek J. Smith, Michael S. Diamond, Diane J. Post, Mehul S. Suthar
Summary: The SAVE program is a real-time risk assessment initiative established by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to address the public health threat posed by the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Its goal is to evaluate the potential impact of these variants on transmission, virulence, and immunity induced through infection or vaccination.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mark J. G. Bakkers, Alex Moon-Walker, Rasmus Herlo, Vesna Brusic, Sarah Hulsey Stubbs, Kathryn M. Hastie, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Tomas L. Kirchhausen, Sean P. J. Whelan
Summary: LCMV is a virus that enters cells by binding to different receptors and causes severe health problems. This study found that LCMV first binds to CD164 before entering cells, providing new targets for therapeutic interventions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Young-Jun Park, Dora Pinto, Alexandra C. Walls, Zhuoming Liu, Anna De Marco, Fabio Benigni, Fabrizia Zatta, Chiara Silacci-Fregni, Jessica Bassi, Kaitlin R. Sprouse, Amin Addetia, John E. Bowen, Cameron Stewart, Martina Giurdanella, Christian Saliba, Barbara Guarino, Michael A. Schmid, Nicholas M. Franko, Jennifer K. Logue, Ha V. Dang, Kevin Hauser, Julia di Iulio, William Rivera, Gretja Schnell, Anushka Rajesh, Jiayi Zhou, Nisar Farhat, Hannah Kaiser, Martin Montiel-Ruiz, Julia Noack, Florian A. Lempp, Javier Janer, Rana Abdelnabi, Piet Maes, Paolo Ferrari, Alessandro Ceschi, Olivier Giannini, Guilherme Dias De Melo, Lauriane Kergoat, Herve Bourhy, Johan Neyts, Leah Soriaga, Lisa A. Purcell, Gyorgy Snell, Sean P. J. Whelan, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Herbert W. Virgin, Luca Piccoli, Helen Y. Chu, Matteo Samuele Pizzuto, Davide Corti, David Veesler
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages have spike mutations that allow them to evade antibodies from previous infection or vaccination. Hybrid immunity or booster shots can generate neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants, and breakthrough infections lead to the production of neutralizing antibodies in the nasal mucosa. Antibodies derived from memory B cells or plasma cells of Omicron breakthrough cases show cross-reactivity with different receptor-binding domains, while primary Omicron infections elicit B cells with narrow specificity. A highly potent pan-variant-neutralizing antibody has been identified as a potential candidate for clinical development.
Article
Biology
Natalia S. Brunetti, Gustavo G. Davanzo, Diogo de Moraes, Allan J. R. Ferrari, Gabriela F. Souza, Stefanie Primon Muraro, Thiago L. Knittel, Vinicius O. Boldrini, Lauar B. Monteiro, Joo Victor Virgilio-da-Silva, Gerson S. Profeta, Natalia S. Wassano, Luana Nunes Santos, Victor C. Carregari, Artur H. S. Dias, Flavio P. Veras, Lucas A. Tavares, Julia Forato, Icaro M. S. Castro, Licia C. Silva-Costa, Andre C. Palma, Eli Mansour, Raisa G. Ulaf, Ana F. Bernardes, Thyago A. Nunes, Luciana C. Ribeiro, Marcus V. Agrela, Maria Luiza Moretti, Lucas I. Buscaratti, Fernanda Crunfli, Raissa G. Ludwig, Jaqueline A. Gerhardt, Natalia Munhoz-Alves, Ana Maria Marques, Renata Sesti-Costa, Mariene R. Amorim, Daniel A. Toledo-Teixeira, Pierina Lorencini Parise, Matheus Cavalheiro Martini, Karina Bispos-dos-Santos, Camila L. Simeoni, Fabiana Granja, Virginia C. Silvestrini, Eduardo B. de Oliveira, Vitor M. Faca, Murilo Carvalho, Bianca G. Castelucci, Alexandre B. Pereira, Lais D. Coimbra, Marieli M. G. Dias, Patricia B. Rodrigues, Arilson Bernardo S. P. Gomes, Fabricio B. Pereira, Leonilda M. B. Santos, Louis-Marie Bloyet, Spencer Stumpf, Marjorie C. Pontelli, Sean Whelan, Andrei C. Sposito, Robson F. Carvalho, Andre S. Vieira, Marco A. R. Vinolo, Andre Damasio, Licio Velloso, Ana Carolina M. Figueira, Luis L. P. da Silva, Thiago Mattar Cunha, Helder I. Nakaya, Henrique Marques-Souza, Rafael E. Marques, Daniel Martins-de-Souza, Munir S. Skaf, Jose Luiz Proenca-Modena, Pedro M. M. Moraes-Vieira, Marcelo A. Mori, Alessandro S. Farias
Summary: Research has found that SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects T helper cells (CD4+), but not T cells (CD8+). The infected T helper cells express higher levels of IL-10, which may contribute to viral persistence and increased disease severity, leading to poor immune response in COVID-19 patients.
Meeting Abstract
Rheumatology
Michael Paley, Parakkal Deepak, Wooseob Kim, Monica Yang, Vinay Chandrasekaran, Guadalupe Oliva Escudero, Katherine Huang, Zhuoming Liu, Lily McMorrow, Mahima Thapa, Matthew Ciorba, Mehrdad Matloubian, Lianne Gensler, Mary Nakamura, Sean Whelan, William Buchser, Ali Ellebedy, Alfred Kim
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
