Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vasco Branco, Luis Carvalho, Cassia Barboza, Eduarda Mendes, Afonso Cavaco, Cristina Carvalho
Summary: This study found that pregnant women highly exposed to mercury through fish consumption had sub-optimal selenium status, resulting in reduced plasma selenoprotein activity. However, low selenium levels did not affect the activity of thioredoxin reductase. On the other hand, the decrease in thioredoxin activity with an increase in mercury may be a good indicator for preventing fetal susceptibility.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marinelle Espino, Harkaitz Eguiraun, Oihane Diaz de Cerio, Jose Antonio Carrero, Nestor Etxebarria, Iciar Martinez
Summary: Different levels of mercury were found to have different effects on the growth and redox gene activities in the liver of Dicentrarchus labrax, while the molar ratio of selenium and mercury also played a role in these effects.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhi-Hua Dai, Song Ding, Jia-Yi Chen, Ran Han, Yue Cao, Xue Liu, Shuxin Tu, Dong-Xing Guan, Lena Q. Ma
Summary: The study found that selenate promotes plant growth and increases arsenic concentrations in both roots and fronds of Pteris vittata. Additionally, selenate enhances glutathione levels and the activity of GPX and GR in the plant, suggesting an effective mechanism for improving arsenic uptake.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura G. Sherlock, William C. McCarthy, Maya R. Grayck, Mack Solar, Andres Hernandez, Lijun Zheng, Cassidy Delaney, Trent E. Tipple, Clyde J. Wright, Eva S. Nozik
Summary: Exposure to selenium deficiency during pregnancy and lactation can impair weight gain and lung growth in offspring. Selenium deficiency reduces the levels and activity of multiple selenoproteins in the neonatal lung, affecting oxidative stress and cell signaling.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Anjum Khanam, Dhanya Kizhakayil, Kalpana Platel
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of exogenous vitamin E on the cellular uptake and transport of selenium from wheat and pearl millet. The cellular bioavailability of selenium was determined by measuring the activity of selenium-dependent enzymes. The results showed that the addition of vitamin E significantly enhanced the uptake of selenomethionine and selenocysteine by Caco-2 cells cultured with wheat and pearl millet, but this effect was reduced after heat processing. Moreover, the expression of genes encoding selenium-dependent enzymes was upregulated in the presence of vitamin E.
JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aiping Liu, Fengna Li, Ping Xu, Yanmei Chen, Xiongshun Liang, Shijie Zheng, Huicui Meng, Yumei Zhu, Junluan Mo, Chunmei Gong, Ji-Chang Zhou
Summary: The study investigated the mRNA expressions of testis-abundant selenogenes in response to different dietary selenium concentrations in rat models. The results showed that Gpx4, Selenov, and Txnrd3 were highly expressed in the testis, especially during reproductive ages, and were resistant to changes in dietary selenium levels.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura G. Sherlock, Durganili Balasubramaniyan, Lijun Zheng, Miguel Zarate, Thomas Sizemore, Cassidy Delaney, Trent E. Tipple, Clyde J. Wright, Eva Nozik-Grayck
Summary: Maternal selenium deficiency leads to decreased neonatal selenium levels and increased risk for neonatal morbidities. The impact of maternal selenium deficiency varies across different organs and selenoproteins. Research suggests that neonates experience earlier depletion of selenoenzyme activity in the liver and circulation after maternal selenium deficiency, indicating a potential escalation of risk to the neonate with prolonged maternal selenium deficiency.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Pablo Andrei Nogara, Andrea Madabeni, Marco Bortoli, Joao Batista Teixeira Rocha, Laura Orian
Summary: The study investigates the formation of dehydroalanine (Dha) in selenoenzymes through accurate computational models, shedding light on the toxic mechanism of methylmercury selenocysteinate complexes embedded in enzymes. The results suggest that the presence of MeHg+ may facilitate the formation of Dha, providing insights into the pathological conditions of selenoproteins under oxidative stress.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shengda Liu, Yunpeng Xing, Tengfei Yan, Yijia Li, Ruizhen Tian, Jinxing Hou, Jiayun Xu, Tingting Wang, Junqiu Liu
Summary: In this study, an artificial transmembrane signaling receptor system was constructed using artificial glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and the polarity-regulated characteristics of Se-containing compounds. This system extends the range of signaling systems based on enzyme regulation and offers a new approach to study natural signal processes in cells and artificially regulated biological processes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Debarati Chanda, William Dudefoi, Joshua Anadu, Matteo Minghetti
Summary: The study found that AgNO3 or cit-AgNP can inhibit the activity of selenoenzymes without inducing oxidative stress in RTgutGC cells.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jing Liu, Youqiao Xu, Haojie Lu, Rong Wang, Zhuolu Xia, Changshun Zhao, Dechun Huang, Feng Jiang, Wei Chen
Summary: Three self-assembled nanoaggregates were constructed using different molecules, and their properties were characterized through various experiments. The results showed that nanoaggregates with disulfide groups exhibited better stability and improved cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Additionally, the nanoaggregates showed targeting ability to specific cellular components, leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vasco Branco, Lucia Coppo, Michael Aschner, Cristina Carvalho
Summary: This study analyzed the effect of Hg2+ on the activation of NF-kB (p50) and p38, as well as the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes in microglial cells. It was found that Hg2+ disrupted the redox systems in microglia, leading to the activation of p38 and transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adequate nutritional status was shown to minimize the toxicity resulting from Hg exposure.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kaelyn A. Jenny, Gracyn Mose, Daniel J. Haupt, Robert J. Hondal
Summary: Ergothioneine (EGT), a potent antioxidant, can be reduced by the selenoenzyme mammalian thioredoxin reductase (Sec-TrxR). The glutathione system is more efficient in reducing oxidized forms of EGT, but Sec-TrxR has the advantage of directly reducing both ESSE and 5-oxo-EGT. This discovery provides insights into the redox biology of EGT and warrants further investigation.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Gyeongchan Jeon, Younga Kim, Su Yeon Choi, Yang-Hoon Kim, Jiho Min
Summary: All eukaryotes have lysosomes containing hydrolytic enzymes that degrade waste materials and cellular fragments. Overexpression of GPX in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases melanin decolorization and peroxidase activity. This suggests a relationship between peroxidase activity, melanin decomposition, and antioxidant enzymes like GPX.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kanika Miglani, Sunil Kumar, Anita Yadav, Neeraj Aggarwal, Ranjan Gupta
Summary: By analyzing the association between genetic polymorphism and enzyme activity of antioxidant enzymes in charcoal workers and control population, it was found that genetic polymorphisms play a modulatory role in human susceptibility to oxidative damage induced by wood smoke in charcoal workers.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benson S. Chen, Solmaz Asnafi, Mung Y. Lin, Beau B. Bruce, Jane H. Lock, Rahul A. Sharma, Nancy J. Newman, Valerie Biousse, Amit M. Saindane
Summary: The optic nerve angle (ONA) is significantly smaller in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) compared to controls, but does not correlate with cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure, severity of papilledema, or visual function.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
D. Mazza, E. McCarthy, N. Singh, M. Carey, L. Turner, M. Harris
OBESITY RESEARCH & CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eoin Mulroy, Barry Snow, Arnold Bok, Mark Simpson, Andrew Smith, Kenneth M. Taylor, Michelle Lockhart, B. B. Janice Lam, Christopher Frampton, Gregory Finucane, Patrick Schweder, Benson Chen, Adele McMahon, Lorraine Macdonald
Summary: The long-term follow-up study of putaminal NTCELL administration in patients with Parkinson's disease showed no significant clinical benefit up to week 104 post-implantation. Only one serious adverse event potentially related to the implant procedure was reported in the study.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bryce Buchowicz, Benson S. Chen, Samuel Bidot, Beau B. Bruce, Nancy J. Newman, Amit M. Saindane, Joshua M. Levy, Valerie Biousse
Summary: A relationship between idiopathic intracranial hypertension and spontaneous skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks has been proposed, and imaging of the intracranial venous system with MRV or CTV before repair of spontaneous CSF leak is necessary, as bilateral transverse venous sinus stenosis (TVSS) is an independent risk factor for postoperative papilledema, CSF leak recurrence, or need for a CSF shunting procedure.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benson S. Chen, Benjamin Meyer, Amit M. Saindane, Beau B. Bruce, Nancy J. Newman, Valerie Biousse
Summary: This study found that MRI signs of intracranial hypertension were common among patients undergoing brain MRI, but rarely associated with papilledema. Management for incidentally detected signs of intracranial hypertension likely does not require systematic lumbar puncture unless concerning symptoms or papilledema are present.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alice Wang, Nishi Karunasinghe, Lindsay D. Plank, Shuotun Zhu, Sue Osborne, Charis Brown, Karen Bishop, Tiffany Schwass, Sofian Tijono, Michael Holmes, Jonathan Masters, Roger Huang, Christine Keven, Lynnette R. Ferguson, Ross Lawrenson
Summary: Androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer patients affects bone metabolism, with sclerostin, DKK-1, and OPG levels showing significant differences between ADT and non-ADT groups. Changes in DKK-1 and OPG levels were seen in longitudinal analysis, while correlations were found between sclerostin levels and BMD as well as testosterone levels.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Benson S. Chen, Tomasz Galus, Stephanie Archer, Valerija Tadic, Mike Horton, Konrad Pesudovs, Tasanee Braithwaite, Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
Summary: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate studies capturing the experience of individuals affected by inherited optic neuropathy, focusing on patient-reported outcome measures and qualitative research. Six studies were included, identifying five PROMs and highlighting the need for developing a more comprehensive PROM for individuals with ION.
GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nishi Karunasinghe, Tsion Zewdu Minas, Bo-Ying Bao, Arier Lee, Alice Wang, Shuotun Zhu, Jonathan Masters, Megan Goudie, Shu-Pin Huang, Frank J. Jenkins, Lynnette R. Ferguson
Summary: This study analyzed multiple datasets and found significant associations between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and demographic, lifestyle, and clinical data. The study also found variability in the correlation of PSA with age and genetic factors among different populations. The findings suggest that unique PSA cut-off thresholds, factored with demographics, lifestyle, and genetics, may be more appropriate for prostate cancer screening.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benson S. Chen, Erik Holzinger, Magali Taiel, Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
Summary: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) has a profound impact on the lives of patients and their relatives, extending beyond vision-related limitations. Patients hope for therapy that can restore autonomy and improve their quality of life, while alleviating the burden on their relatives. Addressing the psychosocial impact of LHON and helping patients and their relatives adapt and cope with vision loss are crucial.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neuroimaging
Solmaz Asnafi, Benson S. Chen, Valerie Biousse, Nancy J. Newman, Amit M. Saindane
Summary: This study found that patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) have a higher proportion of high intracranial Hounsfield unit (HU) voxels, which represent increased blood volume, in normal head CT imaging. This pattern may be explained by transverse sinus stenosis causing venous congestion. The findings provide further insights into the pathophysiology of IIH and can be useful for detecting elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in a normal head CT setting.
NEURORADIOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Benson S. Chen, Patrick Yu-Wai-Man, Nancy J. Newman
Summary: This review outlines the current landscape of treatments for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). The treatments can be classified as either mutation-specific or mutation-independent. Mutation-specific therapies aim to correct the underlying mutation, while mutation-independent therapies aim to improve mitochondrial function. Currently, only one drug is approved for LHON treatment. However, innovations in gene therapy and editing are driving the expansion of therapeutic options.
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Ophthalmology
Benson S. Chen, Joshua P. Harvey, Michael J. Gilhooley, Neringa Jurkute, Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
Summary: Historically, distinct mitochondrial syndromes were recognised clinically by their ocular features. With the wider availability of genetic testing, it is now recognised that genotype-phenotype correlations in mitochondrial diseases can be imprecise. Previously considered rare diseases with no effective treatments, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of mitochondrial diseases with new therapies emerging, in particular, gene therapy for inherited optic neuropathies.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benson S. Chen, Neil E. Anderson
Summary: In this case study, a PXE patient exhibited recurrent non-aneurysmal SAH and superficial siderosis, with the only potential source of hemorrhage identified as a developmental venous anomaly.
NEUROLOGY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Benjamin Meyer, Benson S. Chen, Valerie Biousse, Nancy J. Newman
Summary: This case study highlights the phenomenon of inner retinal thinning on OCT occurring through retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration, even in acquired retro-chiasmal brain lesions. The patient with stable visual field defects from bilateral posterior circulation infarctions showed ganglion cell complex thinning on macular OCT that precisely corresponded with his visual field defects, while peripapillary RNFL thickness and optic disc appearance were relatively unaffected. This contributes to the evidence that retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration can manifest as isolated macular OCT findings.
TAIWAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Benson S. Chen, Nancy J. Newman, Valerie Biousse
Summary: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of unknown cause that leads to increased pressure within the skull. While classic symptoms include headache and papilledema, atypical presentations such as ocular motor disturbances and hearing loss should also be recognized by clinicians for timely investigation.
TAIWAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)