Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kaiyi Yang, Shenghui Feng, Zhijun Luo
Summary: Prostate cancer is a common and deadly cancer in males. Androgen-deprivation therapy is effective in early stage tumors, but many cases progress to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Existing clinical treatments for advanced prostate cancer have limitations, but gene therapy and viral therapy show promise in controlling the disease.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hongjie Chen, Ziyi Wang, Ninggang Yang, Jun Zhang, Zhong Liang
Summary: In this study, we found that the expression of decorin was significantly lower in bladder urothelial carcinoma, and it was correlated with the expression of TGF-beta 1. Furthermore, decorin regulated the expression of TGF-beta 1 and MMP2 through p21 protein, promoting apoptosis and adhesion, and inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of BC cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander L. Ling, Isaac H. Solomon, Ana Montalvo Landivar, Hiroshi Nakashima, Jared K. Woods, Andres Santos, Nafisa Masud, Geoffrey Fell, Xiaokui Mo, Ayse S. Yilmaz, James Grant, Abigail Zhang, Joshua D. Bernstock, Erickson Torio, Hirotaka Ito, Junfeng Liu, Naoyuki Shono, Michal O. Nowicki, Daniel Triggs, Patrick Halloran, Raziye Piranlioglu, Himanshu Soni, Brittany Stopa, Wenya Linda Bi, Pierpaolo Peruzzi, Ethan Chen, Seth W. Malinowski, Michael C. Prabhu, Yu Zeng, Anne Carlisle, Scott J. Rodig, Patrick Y. Wen, Eudocia Quant Lee, Lakshmi Nayak, Ugonma Chukwueke, L. Nicolas Gonzalez Castro, Sydney D. Dumont, Tracy Batchelor, Kara Kittelberger, Ekaterina Tikhonova, Natalia Miheecheva, Dmitry Tabakov, Nara Shin, Alisa Gorbacheva, Artemy Shumskiy, Felix Frenkel, Estuardo Aguilar-Cordova, Laura K. Aguilar, David Krisky, James Wechuck, Andrea Manzanera, Chris Matheny, Paul P. Tak, Francesca Barone, Daniel Kovarsky, Itay Tirosh, Mario L. Suva, Kai W. Wucherpfennig, Keith Ligon, David A. Reardon, E. Antonio Chiocca
Summary: A phase I clinical trial in patients with rGBM showed that treatment with an oncolytic herpes virus (oHSV) enhanced anticancer immune responses, particularly in individuals with serology matching the virus.
Article
Oncology
Fang Dai, Peng-Bo Zhang, Qiang Feng, Xin-Yan Pan, Shu-Ling Song, Jing Cui, Ju-Lun Yang
Summary: A novel strategy combining oncolytic adenovirus with CIK cells for treating Ras-driven liver cancer was developed. The in vivo study showed significantly inhibited tumor growth with little effect on normal organs, indicating relative safety.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qing Wu, Hanwei Huang, Mengchi Sun, Ruizhe Zhang, Junxia Wang, Hanqi Zheng, Chaojie Zhu, Shihua Yang, Xinyuan Shen, Jiaqi Shi, Feng Liu, Wei Wu, Jin Sun, Funan Liu, Hongjun Li, Zhen Gu
Summary: This study describes a virus-concealed tumor-targeting strategy that enables the delivery of oncolytic viruses (OVs) to lung metastasis through systemic administration. The OVs can actively infect, be internalized, and cloak into tumor cells, which are subsequently treated to eliminate their pathogenicity. This Trojan Horse-like vehicle avoids virus neutralization and clearance in the bloodstream and facilitates tumor-targeted delivery with over 110-fold virus enrichment. Additionally, this strategy can function as a tumor vaccine and initiate endogenous adaptive antitumor effects by increasing memory T cells and modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Christopher J. LaRocca, Amanda O. Salzwedel, Mizuho Sato-Dahlman, Margarita Romanenko, Rafael Andrade, Julia Davydova, Masato Yamamoto
Summary: An IFN-expressing oncolytic adenovirus driven by the Cox2 promoter demonstrates strong oncolytic effects and cancer-specific replication in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The virus shows significant tumor growth suppression in xenograft models and selective replication in cancerous tissues in human samples, making it a potential candidate for clinical translation to treat EAC.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Lijun Mao, Haiyuan Yu, Sai Ma, Ziyang Xu, Fukun Wei, Chunhua Yang, Junnian Zheng
Summary: The combination therapy of oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-SATB1 and chemotherapy effectively inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells, promoting apoptosis and showing superior therapeutic effects.
Article
Oncology
Michael Chastkofsky, Katarzyna C. Pituch, Hiroaki Katagi, Markella Zannikou, Liliana Ilut, Ting Xiao, Yu Han, Adam M. Sonabend, David T. Curiel, Erin R. Bonner, Javad Nazarian, Craig M. Horbinski, C. David James, Amanda M. Saratsis, Rintaro Hashizume, Maciej S. Lesniak, Irina Balyasnikova
Summary: The study demonstrates that oncolytic virus loaded MSCs can efficiently deliver to DIPG cells and release within brainstem xenografts in mice, leading to prolonged survival when combined with radiotherapy.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Shuhei Shinoda, Nikita S. S. Sharma, Naohiko Nakamura, Kazuho Inoko, Mizuho Sato-Dahlman, Paari Murugan, Julia Davydova, Masato Yamamoto
Summary: Combining oncolytic adenovirus-expressing interferon (IFN-OAd) with chemotherapy and radiation can improve the survival rate and suppress tumor growth in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients without severe side effects. This treatment also induces a higher number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. It is an effective and clinically beneficial therapy for PDAC patients.
Article
Immunology
Michiko Fukuda, Jutaro Nakamura, Saori Ito, Kenji Kawazoe, Yoshitaka Miyanaga, Takeshi Teshigawara, Kenji Okuda, Nobuhisa Mizuki, Masaru Shimada
Summary: By vaccinating mice with an Ad5 vector, an adaptive immune response was successfully induced to prevent Ad transduction in corneal and conjunctiva-associated tissues. Both cellular and humoral immunity play important roles in preventing Ad transduction.
Article
Oncology
Junhe Zhang, Hao Chen, Chen Chen, Haimeng Liu, Yurou He, Junli Zhao, Peiyan Yang, Qinwen Mao, Haibin Xia
Summary: Utilizing MSCs as potential carriers and regulating adenovirus replication with a Tet-on system has shown effective treatment against glioma. The novel adenovirus demonstrated efficient replication and killing of glioma cells in vitro, with effective regulation by doxycycline. The doxycycline-induced group with dual expression of IL24 and Endostatin showed significantly greater antitumor effects in a xenograft model of glioma.
Article
Immunology
Nasser Hashemi Goradel, Babak Negahdari, Nasir Mohajel, Ziba Veisi Malekshahi, Maryam Mashhadi Abolghasem Shirazi, Arash Arashkia
Summary: The study demonstrates that cationic epitope-coated nanostructured adjuvants can enhance immune responses and suppress tumor growth. Treatment with nanocomplexes under a heterologous prime-boost regimen shows higher cellular immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sophia J. Tate, Leen van de Sande, Wim P. Ceelen, Jared Torkington, Alan L. Parker
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility and tolerance of pressurised intraperitoneal aerosolised virotherapy (PIPAV) for delivering oncolytic adenoviruses. Results showed that adenoviruses retained viability and transduction efficacy after pressurised aerosolisation in vitro. In vivo experiments in rats demonstrated good tolerability of PIPAV, although further optimization is needed for improved efficacy in vivo.
Article
Oncology
Ryosuke Ono, Kosuke Takayama, Rika Onishi, Sora Tokuoka, Fuminori Sakurai, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of oncolytic adenoviruses as a treatment for pancreatic cancer. They found that the commonly used adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) had limitations due to decreased receptor expression and neutralizing antibodies. As an alternative, an adenovirus serotype 35 (Ad35) was developed, which recognized a specific receptor on pancreatic cancer cells and had fewer neutralizing antibodies.
ANTICANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Erkko Ylosmaki, Leena Ylosmaki, Manlio Fusciello, Beatriz Martins, Petra Ahokas, Hanne Cojoc, Arttu Uoti, Sara Feola, Anna Kreutzman, Tuuli Ranki, Julia Karbach, Tapani Viitala, Petri Priha, Elke Jager, Sari Pesonen, Vincenzo Cerullo
Summary: Oncolytic virus therapies can enhance anti-cancer immunity by arming viruses with immunostimulatory molecules. The novel adenovirus VALOD-102 encoding CD40L and OX40L activates both innate and adaptive immune responses against tumors. In preclinical models, combination therapy with PeptiCRAd and anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors shows promising results in controlling tumor growth.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Thomas Neill, Renato V. Iozzo
Summary: This review explores the role of decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, in autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy in breast cancer. Decorin interacts with cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases, VEGFR2 and MET receptor, to induce autophagy and mitophagy, respectively. Understanding the mechanisms underlying intracellular catabolism regulation provides new insights for protein therapies targeting autophagic progression.
Article
Anthropology
Jun-Sung Park, Malene Laugesen, Simon Mays, Henrik Birkedal, Jonathan D. Almer, Stuart R. Stock
Summary: High-energy, wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to study intact human second metacarpal bones from two UK archeological sites. The study found that carbonated apatite lattice parameters were not correlated with age-at-death, and WAXS and SAXS could be used to select intact bones likely to retain unaltered tissue nanostructure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Stuart R. Stock, Simon Mays, Gordon Turner-Walker, Carmen Soriano
Summary: Laboratory microcomputed tomography (microCT) and synchrotron microCT were used to image intact human second metacarpal bones (mc2) from two UK archeological sites. The study found that microCT is useful in age determination and assessment of 3D diagenetic changes in bones.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul E. Morse, Michala K. Stock, Kelsey C. James, Lisa J. Natanson, Stuart R. Stock
Summary: Through laboratory microcomputed tomography (microCT), it was found that shark vertebrae from different species exhibit growth bands and distinct structural features, indicating that microstructural variation among them can be observed using microCT imaging.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. -S. Park, A. C. Chuang, J. Okasinski, H. Chen, P. Shade, T. J. Turner, S. Stock, J. Almer
Summary: This paper describes a new residual strain mapping program at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Based on energy dispersive x-ray diffraction, the program is capable of accurately measuring the residual strain field of engineering alloys with high spatial and strain resolution, while providing a complementary view of the structure for a better understanding of the measured strain field.
EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Bert Muller, Stuart R. Stock, Ge Wang, Jovan G. Brankov
Summary: The guest editors of JMI present articles from the Special Section on Hard X-Ray Tomography with Micrometer Resolution, providing an overview of this significant niche area in the field of hard x-ray tomography at the micrometer level.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
J. S. Park, H. Chen, K. C. James, L. J. Natanson, S. R. Stock
Summary: This study used energy dispersive diffraction (EDD) with polychromatic synchrotron x-radiation to investigate the spatial organization of mineral phase and crystallographic texture in shark vertebrae. The results show differences in c-axis orientation of bioapatite in shark centra from different orders, indicating functional differences. The study suggests that the 3D EDD-derived maps can inform future numerical models of shark centra under applied load.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert Free, Karen DeRocher, Victoria Cooley, Ruqing Xu, Stuart R. Stock, Derk Joester
Summary: The structure and composition of dental enamel are crucial for understanding tooth decay, enamel development, and dental treatment. This study used synchrotron X-ray diffraction and machine learning to investigate the differences in crystallographic parameters between different microarchitectural domains of enamel. It was found that the composition of crystallites varies, and a model was used to predict the concentration of minority ions. These results provide new insights into the complexity of enamel and have implications for modeling its mechanical and chemical performance.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Uwe Kierdorf, Santiago Gomez, Stuart R. Stock, Olga Antipova, Horst Kierdorf
Summary: We examined the pedicle bone of roe bucks that died during antler casting or around the rutting period. Pedicles obtained during antler casting showed signs of intense osteoclastic activity and the formation of an abscission line. Pedicles obtained during the rutting period were compact with newly formed secondary osteons exhibiting lower mineral density. This suggests mineral element competition between growing antlers and compacting pedicles, which is likely more severe in Capreolus capreolus due to their antler regrowth during a period of limited food and mineral supply.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Elisa Ventura, Giacomo Ducci, Reyes Benot Dominguez, Valentina Ruggiero, Antonino Belfiore, Elena Sacco, Marco Vanoni, Renato V. V. Iozzo, Antonio Giordano, Andrea Morrione
Summary: Progranulin plays an important pro-tumorigenic role in various solid tumors and has diagnostic and prognostic values in multiple tumor types. The molecular mechanisms underlying progranulin's function in cancer are not fully understood, but recent evidence suggests a strong context-dependency of progranulin signaling. This review focuses on summarizing the current evidence supporting the pro-oncogenic role of progranulin and its molecular mechanisms of action in cancer.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. S. Park, J. D. Almer, K. C. James, L. J. Natanson, S. R. Stock
Summary: Members of subclass Elasmobranchii possess bioapatite mineralization in their cartilage skeletons, which has similar crystallography to bone but exhibits some differences. The mineral phase in shark centra has larger nanocrystallite sizes and is associated with less microstrain compared to bone.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Optics
Victoria Cooley, Stuart R. Stock, William Guise, Adya Verma, Tomas Wald, Ophir Klein, Derk Joester
Summary: Genetic mouse models are powerful tools for studying congenital defects in tooth enamel. Researchers demonstrated that convolutional neural networks can accurately segment wild-type jaws and found that cross-training significantly improves performance for quantitative comparison of mineral gradients.
DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY XIII
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Optics
S. R. Stock, P. E. Morse, M. K. Stock, K. C. James, L. J. Natanson, Haiyun Chen, P. D. Shevchenko, E. R. Maxey, O. Antipova, J-S Park
Summary: Tomography using diffracted x-rays can reconstruct crystallographic information mapping quantities such as crystal lattice parameters and crystallite size, providing a different perspective compared to absorption or phase contrast techniques. By utilizing energy dispersive diffraction with a multiple detector EDD system, a 3D map of bioapatite orientation in a blue shark centrum was obtained, revealing differences in orientation within different structures. The addition of absorption microCT and x-ray excited x-ray fluorescence mapping data further enhances the resolution and understanding of the mineralized tissue samples studied using EDD tomography.
DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY XIII
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Optics
S. R. Stock
Summary: The contents of a Roman-era Egyptian mummy were investigated using clinical CT and high-energy microbeam x-ray diffraction techniques, providing a more complete picture of the mummy's composition and structure. The study revealed the age, sex, and various features of the mummy, including wires, resin shards, and a calcite inclusion. While the combined CT and diffraction approach offers valuable insights, logistical challenges may limit its application to solving key mysteries in the future.
DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY XIII
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Uwe Kierdorf, Stuart R. Stock, Santiago Gomez, Olga Antipova, Horst Kierdorf
Summary: The presence of calcified cartilage remnants in the distal antler portions is mainly due to the short lifespan of antlers, which leads to a lack of bone remodeling. The calcified cartilage matrix in antlers is more highly mineralized than the bone matrix. Additionally, increased zinc concentrations were observed in various locations within the antler, indicating a potential model for studying mineralization processes in cartilage and bone matrices.
