Article
Oncology
Savio George Barreto, Jorg Kleeff
Summary: Surgery remains crucial in treating pancreatic cancer, with a focus on borderline-resectable and locally advanced tumors. The benefits of synchronous arterial and venous resections in improving overall survival are still unclear, warranting further research and analysis to determine their effectiveness.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
H. Gilbert Welch, Tanujit Dey
Summary: Testing all-cause mortality for an individual cancer is not feasible, but it is feasible for multicancer screening due to the high proportion of cancer deaths in general deaths. Observational data on the effects of cancer screening is misleading, and multicancer screening may have significant costs and potential harms. A randomized clinical trial is necessary to determine if multicancer screening saves lives and assess the frequency of harms.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Katarina Popovic, Brigita Smolovic, Milica Martinovic, Ljiljana Vuckovic
Summary: The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and pancreatic cancer is complex, as DM can be both a risk factor and an early sign of pancreatic cancer. DM increases the risk of pancreatic cancer by promoting ductal cell proliferation through increased insulin resistance and intrapancreatic concentrations of insulin and IGF. Targeting the insulin/IGF pathway in treatment is a focus of research, and antidiabetic drugs like metformin have shown potential for clinical use in pancreatic cancer. Additionally, new-onset DM can be an early indication of pancreatic cancer.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Steven S. Fu, Alexander J. Rothman, David M. Vock, Bruce R. Lindgren, Daniel Almirall, Abbie Begnaud, Anne C. Melzer, Kelsey L. Schertz, Mariah Branson, David Haynes, Patrick Hammett, Anne M. Joseph
Summary: Adding a referral to prescription medication therapy management (MTM) to the tobacco longitudinal care (TLC) program showed positive effects among patients eligible for lung cancer screening (LCS) who did not respond to early treatment; however, decreasing the intensity of TLC among early treatment responders did not show significant improvement.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Kelvin Yan, Tao Ren
Summary: The author comments on an article discussing the use of Epstein-Barr virus DNA or antibodies as a biomarker for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. They point out the high number needed to screen in order to detect a case of cancer and estimate the number needed to screen to prevent one death.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Annabelle L. Fonseca, Deepa Cherla, Anai N. Kothari, Ching-Wei D. Tzeng, Martin J. Heslin, Krista R. Mehari, Fabian M. Johnston, Hop S. Tran-Cao
Summary: Medicaid expansion is associated with increased access to care processes and improved outcomes in PDAC patients. ME has helped to reduce disparities in PDAC treatment and outcomes in ME states.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zixuan Zhao, Youqing Wang, Weijia Wu, Yi Yang, Lingbin Du, Hengjin Dong
Summary: China has a significant cancer burden, particularly regarding lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related death. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) with a biomarker (micro-RNA signature classifier) to LDCT alone for lung cancer screening. The results show that China's 2018 recommendation for screening is more cost-effective than the 2021 recommendation, and the cost-effectiveness is further improved when the biomarker is included with LDCT.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alex H. Krist, Karina W. Davidson, Carol M. Mangione, Michael J. Barry, Michael Cabana, Aaron B. Caughey, Esa M. Davis, Katrina E. Donahue, Chyke A. Doubeni, Martha Kubik, C. Seth Landefeld, Li Li, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Douglas K. Owens, Lori Pbert, Michael Silverstein, James Stevermer, Chien-Wen Tseng, John B. Wong
Summary: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and leading cause of cancer death in the US, with smoking and increasing age being the primary risk factors. Annual screening with low-dose computed tomography is recommended for adults aged 50 to 80 years with a 20 pack-year smoking history.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ting-Yu Lin, Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu, Ling-Chun Liao, Sam Li-Sheng Chen, Han-Mo Chiu, Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of overdiagnosis in population-based service screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) with the fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Using the digital twin method, the researchers developed parameters to predict CRC cases containing overdiagnosis, and the results showed that the extent of overdiagnosis resulting from FIT screening is 4.16%. This suggests that the harm done to population-based FIT service screening is negligible.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zongtai Liu, Haiyan Liu, Dalin Wang
Summary: This study aimed to identify predictors and prognostic factors of bone metastasis (BM) in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients and develop nomograms to quantify the risks of BM and the prognosis of PC patients with BM. The study included 16,474 PC patients, among whom 226 were diagnosed with BM. Age, grade, T stage, N stage, tumor size, and primary site were identified as risk factors for BM, while age, race, grade, surgery, and lung metastasis were independent prognostic factors for PC patients with BM. The nomograms showed satisfactory clinical consistency and could help clinicians make personalized treatment choices.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Petr Vanek, Ondrej Urban, Vincent Zoundjiekpon, Premysl Falt
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy with low survival rate. Early detection through pancreatic screening is crucial for improving survival. Systematic surveillance in high-risk individuals has shown benefits.
Article
Oncology
Robert Stephen Kerrison, Alex Jones, Jianhe Peng, Gabriele Price, Julia Verne, Elizabeth Alexandra Barley, Cam Lugton
Summary: People with severe mental illness in England have lower participation rates in cancer screening, which may contribute to their premature deaths. A study of over 1.7 million adults found that those with mental illness had lower participation rates in bowel, breast, and cervical screening.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Thomas L. Sutton, Blake Beneville, Alicia J. Johnson, Skye C. Mayo, Erin W. Gilbert, Charles D. Lopez, Aaron J. Grossberg, Flavio G. Rocha, Brett C. Sheppard
Summary: Treatment at high-volume centers is associated with improved survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but the impact of referral patterns on these findings remains unclear. This study aims to understand the contributions of treatment site and selection bias in driving outcome differences in PDAC patients and to identify socioeconomic factors associated with referral to high-volume centers. The results show that LVC-to-HVC referrals for PDAC lead to improved overall survival compared to HVC or LVC-only care, with disease-related features and socioeconomic and geographic disparities playing a role in outcome variation.
Article
Oncology
Byung Kyu Park, Jeong Hun Seo, Jae Bock Chung, Jung Kyu Choi
Summary: The study revealed that smoking, obesity, and diabetes are significant risk factors for pancreatic cancer in the Korean population. Lifestyle modifications targeting smoking cessation and weight management could be beneficial for pancreatic cancer prevention.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Nora B. B. Henrikson, Ilya Ivlev, Paula R. R. Blasi, Matt B. B. Nguyen, Caitlyn A. A. Senger, Leslie A. A. Perdue, Jennifer S. S. Lin
Summary: The objective of this article is to review the benefits and harms of screening for skin cancer. The results suggest that earlier detection of skin cancer is associated with decreased mortality risk, but visual skin examination does not significantly reduce melanoma mortality in adolescents or adults, and routine clinician skin examination is not associated with earlier stage at melanoma detection. There is inconsistent evidence on the association between clinician skin examination and thinner melanoma lesions at detection.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
