Journal
FUTURE ONCOLOGY
Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 703-711Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/FON.12.57
Keywords
breast cancer recurrence; cancer testis antigens; HER2; immune function genes; MammaPrint (R); myeloid-derived suppressor cells; Oncotype DX (R); prognostic biomarkers
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA154708] Funding Source: Medline
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Breast cancer mortality is usually due to distant recurrence of cancer at an advanced stage of the disease rather than from primary cancer. Therefore, prediction of breast cancer recurrence at the time of diagnosis could lead to advances in personalized treatment of cancer patients in order to prevent risk of recurrence. Two prognostic biomarkers that are currently being used in clinical practice are a 70-gene MammaPrint (R) signature and a 21-gene Oncotype DX (R) panel. These assays generate relative risks of recurrence, but they do not provide a 'yes' or 'no' answer about recurrence in a given patient. These tests include genes that are involved in the cell cycle, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis related to breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that a signature of genes involved in tumor-immune interactions may provide a more accurate prognostic tool. This paper reviews recent advances in the discovery of prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer patients.
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