Host affinity and phylogenetic position of a new anamorphic fungus Beltraniella botryospora from living and fallen leaves of evergreen oaks

A new anamorphic fungus, Beltraniella botryospora, is described and illustrated with line drawings and photographs. This fungus was isolated frequently from living and fallen leaves of Quercus acuta, but rarely or never from other evergreen oaks and Castanopsis sieboldii grown at the same investigation site, suggesting that this new fungus might have strong host affinity to Quercus acuta. The phylogenetic relationships of Beltraniella botryospora and allied beltranioid fungi, such as Beltrania rhombica, Beltraniella sp. and Beltraniopsis sp., were estimated by molecular phylogenetic analysis using 28S rDNA D1/D2 region sequences. The constructed phylogenetic tree suggests that beltranioid fungi, including Beltraniella botryospora, an ascomycete Pseudomassaria carolinensis, which has a Beltraniella anamorphic stage, and a hyphomycete Subramaniomyces fusisaprophyticus, make a monophyletic group. This clade is located in the Xylariales lineage and is closely related to Amphisphaeriaceae. The phylogenetic relationships of the new anamorphic species and allied fungi are briefly discussed and a polyphyly of the anamorphic genus Beltraniella is suggested.