Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuhai Yang, Honghua Zhou, Zhaoxia Ye, Chenggang Zhu
Summary: In this study, an equation was attempted to be established between leaf litter amount and relevant tree characteristics on an individual scale for Populus euphratica trees. Results showed no proper equation between leaf litter amount and tree height or diameter at breast height, with a great difference in leaf litter amount on an individual scale. The leaf litter mass changed over time, exhibiting three main phases in the incubation experiment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Georgia S. Seyfried, James W. Dalling, Wendy H. Yang
Summary: Research suggests that slower leaf litter decomposition rates in forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi compared to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may be more related to litter phosphorus content rather than the mycorrhizal type. The quality of litter and environmental conditions play a significant role in the manifestation of slower decomposition rates in ECM-dominated stands.
Article
Plant Sciences
Enkhmaa Erdenebileg, Congwen Wang, Wanying Yu, Xuehua Ye, Xu Pan, Zhenying Huang, Guofang Liu, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
Summary: The study investigated the carbon and nitrogen dynamics of leaf and root litters of different qualities in different positions, revealing the influence of plant functional types on decomposition rates and C:N ratios.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Cindy Perkovich, David Ward
Summary: Plant-herbivore interactions play a crucial role in the biodiversity of ecosystems. This study investigates the defensive strategies employed by swamp white oak against insects and large mammals. The results show that plant defense strategies vary spatially on individual trees, and the presence of different herbivores can affect the composition of plant defenses.
Article
Forestry
Ying Lu, Liudong Zhang, Kun Li, Ruiqiang Ni, Rongchu Han, Chuanrong Li, Caihong Zhang, Weixing Shen, Zhongjun Zhang
Summary: Microorganisms play a crucial role in litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. The diversity and composition of bacterial communities are influenced by litter species and tissues, which are correlated with the initial chemical properties of the litter.
Article
Plant Sciences
Martine Huberty, Katja Steinauer, Robin Heinen, Renske Jongen, S. Emilia Hannula, Young Hae Choi, T. Martijn Bezemer
Summary: This study investigates the influence of time of conditioning on soil microbiome composition, plant growth, and metabolomics, and plant-insect interactions. The results show that the biomass response of the test plants to soil conditioning remained consistent throughout the year, even though both the soil microbiome and leaf metabolomic responses to conditioned soil varied greatly over time. These soil-induced changes in the metabolome of plants over time can be an important driver of above-ground multitrophic interactions in nature.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Elizabeth Davidson-Lowe, Jared G. Ali
Summary: This study investigated the impact of herbivore damage on plant volatile emissions and herbivore behavior, finding contrasting induction patterns and responses between chewing and phloem-feeding herbivores. The results highlight the importance of understanding how co-occurring herbivores perceive potential hosts and interact with plant plasticity, contributing to ecological functions and community dynamics.
BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Tingfa Dong, Rong Zhang, Junyan Liu, Joshua C. Fowler, Tom E. X. Miller, Xiao Xu
Summary: Climate warming has been found to increase forest insect herbivory, which has important consequences for plant species. Dioecious species show sexual differences in defense against herbivorous insects, with females experiencing higher leaf herbivory under warming due to decreases in induced defense responses.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Elena Hamann, Cameron Blevins, Steven J. Franks, M. Inam Jameel, Jill T. Anderson
Summary: Elevated temperatures, CO2 concentrations, drought stress, and nutrient conditions induce greater food consumption by herbivores. These factors also have direct and indirect effects on herbivore development.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sukhman Singh, Ishveen Kaur, Rupesh Kariyat
Summary: The paper discusses the role of polyphenols in plant-insect interactions and plant defenses, covering their structure, induction, regulation, anti-feeding, and toxicity effects. It delves into the mechanisms and localization of these compounds in the context of insect-plant interactions, current research findings, and potential avenues for future research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Ecology
William C. Wetzel, Brian D. Inouye, Philip G. Hahn, Susan R. Whitehead, Nora Underwood
Summary: Plants and herbivores exhibit significant variability in space and time. Research on variability expands our understanding of plant-herbivore ecology and evolution, leading to new hypotheses and insights into the distribution of herbivory.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jishuai Su, Yujin Zhao, Yongfei Bai
Summary: Climate change-induced alterations in precipitation regimes can significantly affect litter decomposition and carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. This global meta-analysis found that litter decomposition showed double-asymmetric responses to precipitation changes, with litter decomposition in forests being more sensitive. The initial lignin concentration in litter primarily determined the responses of litter decomposition to precipitation changes.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Biying Zhao, Peng Xing, Qinglong L. Wu
Summary: This study found that bacteria and fungi play different roles in the decomposition of macrophyte leaf litter, with temperature and plant species significantly affecting the bacterial community, and plant type having a more important driving force on the fungal community.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Javier Palomino, Pablo Garcia-Palacios, Gerlinde B. B. De Deyn, Laura Beatriz Martinez-Garcia, Sara Sanchez-Moreno, Ruben Milla
Summary: Plant domestication has led to changes in leaf litter quality, affecting decomposition and soil decomposer communities. Domesticated litters decompose faster and have different impacts on soil bacteria, fungi, and nematodes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ashley D. Keiser, Robert Warren, Timothy Filley, Mark A. Bradford
Summary: Photodegradation contributes to similar leaf litter mass loss rates in mesic environments and drylands, despite water limitations in the latter. Our study in the Southern Appalachian Mountains showed that during the non-growing season, exposure to maximum solar radiation led to decreased proportions of oxidized lignin relative to other carbon compounds in leaf litter. This phenomenon was particularly strong on south-facing slopes with higher solar radiation levels.
Article
Biology
Miguel Calvo-Agudo, John F. Tooker, Marcel Dicke, Alejandro Tena
Summary: Honeydew is a sugar-rich substance excreted by phloem-feeding insects, serving as a main carbohydrate source for beneficial insects in some ecosystems. Recent research shows that honeydew contaminated by systemic insecticides on treated plants can be toxic to beneficial insects. This highlights the importance of understanding and including this exposure route in future environmental risk assessments.
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Robert J. Warren II, Antoine Guiguet, Chloe Mokadam, John F. Tooker, Andrew R. Deans
Summary: This study found that ants disperse oak galls of certain cynipid wasp species in a similar manner to how they disperse seeds with elaiosomes. The ants retrieve the galls, attracted by specific appendages called kapellos. The chemical composition and morphology of the appendages on seeds and galls are similar. The results suggest a convergence in ant-mediated dispersal between myrmecochorous seeds and oak galls, and challenge established assumptions in ant-plant research.
AMERICAN NATURALIST
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Elizabeth K. Rowen, Kirsten A. Pearsons, Richard G. Smith, Kyle Wickings, John F. Tooker
Summary: Growing evidence suggests that conservation agricultural practices, such as no-till and cover crops, can help protect crops from insect pests by promoting populations of arthropod predators. However, the excessive use of insecticides by field crop producers may disrupt the benefits associated with conservation practices. This study found that planting cover crops and reducing the use of broad-spectrum insecticides were more effective in managing pests compared to interventions-based strategies.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Angela M. Coco, Eric C. Yip, Ian Kaplan, John F. Tooker
Summary: Intercropping with phylogenetically diverse neighboring plants may reduce herbivorous insect populations, but the mechanisms behind this association remain unclear.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Marion Le Gall, Matthew Boucher, John F. Tooker
Summary: No-till farming is a widely used conservation agriculture practice in the United States, but it can lead to outbreaks of slugs. Integrating cover crops into crop rotations, especially when delaying termination until after cash crop planting, can be an effective method to control slugs. Planting green can serve as a novel bottom-up slug management strategy.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Elizabeth K. Rowen, John F. Tooker
Summary: Mineral nutrients, specifically zinc, play a critical role in plant growth, but their effects on insect herbivory are not well understood. Research shows that zinc fertilization can increase nitrogen concentrations in plant leaves, leading to effects on certain herbivores.
ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Dylan Finley, Martin Dovciak, Jennifer Dean
Summary: Natural resource managers often struggle with prioritizing invasive species for management and surveys. This article presents a data-driven approach to create regionally specific invasive species lists based on management priorities, improving objectivity and consistency. The approach can be replicated in other regions and provide a common language for invasive species management.
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Entomology
Michael J. Skvarla, John Tooker, Adriana Murillo-Williams
COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN
(2023)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Christopher J. Frost
Article
Plant Sciences
Christopher J. Frost
Summary: A study was conducted in the Peruvian Amazon to investigate the relationship between plant chemical defences and biological diversity. The results showed that the diversity and richness of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from wounded leaves were influenced by phylogeny, while the inducibility of VOCs from intact leaves were not related to phytochemical diversity. This study has important implications for understanding competitive and multitrophic interactions, as well as the evolutionary forces that maintain plant biodiversity in neotropical forests.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher J. Frost, Andrea Ramirez-Mata, Ram B. Khattri, Matthew E. Merritt, Susan C. Frost
Summary: Hypoxia is a common characteristic of solid tumors and can hinder cancer treatment. Beta-caryophyllene (BCP) has shown anti-proliferative properties in cancer cells and can affect cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis. BCP may reverse the hypoxic phenotype in hBrC cells by upregulating the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene and modifying the lipid signature modulated by hypoxia.
Article
Entomology
Stephannie Seng, Gabriela E. Ponce, Peter Andreas, Anna Kisiala, Rosemarie De Clerck-Floate, Donald G. Miller III, Ming-Shun Chen, Peter W. Price, John F. Tooker, R. J. Neil Emery, Edward F. Connor
Summary: It has been found that the plant hormone ABA is widespread in insects and is secreted in the salivary glands, suggesting that insects use ABA to manipulate host plants. This indicates the important role of ABA in the interaction between insects and plants.
Article
Agronomy
Brian Kunkel, William J. Cissel, John F. Tooker, Dana K. Howe, Dee R. Denver, Rory J. Mc Donnell, Ivan Hiltpold
Summary: Slugs are damaging pests to crops, and their management often relies on synthetic chemistry. A survey was conducted to investigate the presence of malacopathogenic nematodes in soybean fields in the mid-Atlantic region. The distance from the field edge did not affect the presence of nematodes, but soil type did. This study provides valuable insights into the natural populations of mollusk-associated nematodes in the region.
Article
Biology
Antoine Guiguet, Nathaniel B. McCartney, Kadeem J. Gilbert, John F. Tooker, Andrew R. Deans, Jared G. Ali, Heather M. Hines
Summary: The morphology of insect-induced galls contributes to defense against natural enemies. Tannins are the only defensive compounds found in galls, preventing damage by herbivores. The translucent oak gall has a low pH and high concentration of organic acid, resembling fruit morphology, and may serve as a new defensive strategy.
Meeting Abstract
Plant Sciences
R. L. Matthiesen, P. Aryal, M. Bagavathiannan, A. Basche, M. Boucher, C. Chase, H. M. Darby, T. Ferreira De Almeid, R. L. Gonzalez, E. Haramoto, M. Henrickson, A. Koehler, V. Kumar, J. McVane, S. Mirsky, F. Oreja, D. Presley, A. Raundebausch, C. Reberg-Horton, M. Ruark, M. Ryan, N. Seiter, C. Sias, K. J. Tilmon, P. Tomlinson, J. Tooker, M. VanGessel, A. Waggoner, J. Wallace, A. E. Robertson