Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Astrid D. Haase
Summary: PIWI proteins and piRNAs form an adaptive immune system that protects genome integrity by restricting the activity of mobile genetic elements. piRNAs can discriminate between self and nonself and adapt to novel genomic invaders. They originate from single-stranded RNA and require a unique set of processing factors.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yu Wang, Tianhua Liu, Wenying Xiao, Yanyan Bai, Dandan Yue, Liuliu Feng
Summary: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common cardiovascular disease characterized by endothelial cell injury and dysfunction. Oxidative low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) is a key risk factor for AS development. This study identified the expression changes of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in Ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells, providing new markers for the diagnosis and treatment of endothelial cell injury.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sweta Khanal, Beatriz Schueng Zancanela, Jacob Oche Peter, Alex Sutton Flynt
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of small RNAs in annelids, revealing a large number of microRNAs and piRNAs. The study also identifies the expression patterns and pathway composition of miRNAs and piRNAs related to animal development and metamorphosis. Additionally, the study finds that the configuration of RNAi factors in annelids is similar to that of other annelids and mollusks, suggesting the presence of similar biology in a wider clade.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Amber Penning, Giorgia Tosoni, Oihane Abiega, Pascal Bielefeld, Caterina Gasperini, Davide De Pietri Tonelli, Carlos P. Fitzsimons, Evgenia Salta
Summary: The adult neurogenic niches are complex multicellular systems where adult neural stem cells generate astrocytic and neuronal progeny, functionally linked to memory, cognition, and mood regulation. Deregulation of aNSCs and their progeny can impact aging and various brain pathologies. Non-coding RNAs have emerged as key regulators in NSC fate determination, providing potential therapeutic avenues for neurological diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John Paul Tsu Ouyang, Geraldine Seydoux
Summary: This article discusses the structure and function of Nuage as an RNA condensate and investigates the cellular compartmentalization of silencing small RNA pathways. The study finds that Nuage condensates may play a crucial role in balancing the activity of different sRNA pathways and help limit sRNA amplification to protect transcripts.
Article
Immunology
Santiago Fontenla, Gabriel Rinaldi, Jose F. Tort
Summary: The study compared the conservation of small RNA pathways between free-living and parasitic flatworms, identifying potential adaptations during the transition to parasitism. Divergencies in gene conservation, sequence, and structure of the Argonaute family suggest unique biological and evolutionary diversifications specific to Platyhelminthes.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Gaurav Kumar Pandey, Chandrasekhar Kanduri
Summary: This article reviews the functional role and potential therapeutic applications of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in tumor development and discusses the extent of their decisive contribution to cancer development.
Article
Oncology
Yohann Dabi, Sofiane Bendifallah, Stephane Suisse, Julie Haury, Cyril Touboul, Anne Puchar, Amelia Favier, Emile Darai
Summary: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. More advances in prevention, detection, and treatment are needed to improve outcomes and survival rates for breast cancer patients and to offer personalized therapeutic approaches. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in tumorigenesis by regulating the expression of tumor-related genes, and accurate quantification of circulating ncRNAs is essential for developing reliable biomarkers. Further studies are necessary to enter the era of personalized medicine for breast cancer patients.
TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Meghali Joshi, Shruti Sethi, Poonam Mehta, Anamika Kumari, Singh Rajender
Summary: Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) play crucial roles in male reproduction, especially in spermatogenesis. miRNAs, piRNAs, and tsRNAs are the most commonly studied sncRNAs. Dysregulation of miRNAs is highly correlated with infertility. Sperm-borne small RNAs have the potential to act as biomarkers of sperm quality and fertility.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Jocelyn M. Cuthbert, Stewart J. Russell, Irina A. Polejaeva, Qinggang Meng, Kenneth L. White, Abby D. Benninghoff
Summary: The study investigated the dynamic changes in relative abundance of sncRNAs during the maternal-to-embryonic transition in bovine embryos produced by scNT and IVF, revealing that only a few miRNAs showed differential expression in morulae. More miRNAs were differentially expressed across developmental stages, and distinct populations of piRNAs were identified during embryonic genome activation process, highlighting the differences in sncRNA profiles before and after the MET.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soo Mi Lee, Michael T. Winters, Ivan Martinez, Frank J. Slack
Summary: The Keystone Symposium 'Small Regulatory RNAs: From Bench to Bedside' focused on the biology and therapeutic applications of small regulatory RNAs. The conference aimed to facilitate the translation of research findings into clinical tools and foster collaboration between academia and industry. It provided a platform for scientists to present and discuss their research in the field of small regulatory RNAs.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Qian-Yi Zhang, Hao Zhou, Xiao-Xiao Zhou, Feng-bin Yu, Yu-Yi Liu, Zhi-Yang Chen, Yi-Qun Ma, Xi -Lei Li, Bo Tian
Summary: This study explores the role of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in chondrocyte senescence. Small RNA sequencing and qPCR analysis reveal differential expression of multiple types of sncRNAs in senescent chondrocytes. Further experiments demonstrate that certain sncRNAs can restrain or promote chondrocyte senescence. These findings suggest that sncRNAs may serve as therapeutic targets for age-related osteoarthritis.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yajun Liu, Aimin Li, Yingda Zhu, Xinchao Pang, Xinhong Hei, Guo Xie, Fang-Xiang Wu
Summary: In this study, we developed a publicly available database called piRSNP to provide comprehensive information on piRNA-related SNPs. We systematically identified SNPs on human and mouse piRNAs, collecting a total of 42,967,522 SNPs on 10,773,081 human piRNAs and 29,262,185 SNPs on 16,957,706 mouse piRNAs.
CURRENT BIOINFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yafen Fu, Langbo Yi, Fu Li, Jing Rao, Xiai Yang, Yanzhou Wang, Chan Liu, Touming Liu, Siyuan Zhu
Summary: This study investigated the expression profiles of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and protein-encoding genes in ramie fiber growth through miRNA and whole-transcriptome sequencing. The roles and interactions of these components were revealed, providing insights for future biotechnological improvements in ramie fiber yield and quality.
Review
Cell Biology
Yinuo Li, Yue Zhang, Mingxi Liu
Summary: The piRNA pathway plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis, with most knockout animals showing meiotic arrest. Future research may clarify the function of piRNA factors in spermatids. Furthermore, recent studies in hamsters have revealed species differences in the function of piRNA, particularly in female germ cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)