Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
M. Cortazar, L. Santamaria, G. Lopez, J. Alvarez, M. Amutio, J. Bilbao, M. Olazar
Summary: The study investigated the performance of Fe/olivine catalysts in biomass steam gasification, showing significant efficiency improvement in the gasification process, particularly in tar reduction.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yan Cao, Yu Bai, Jiang Du
Summary: By varying the temperature, steam/biomass ratio, and olivine content, this study investigated their impact on the product gas composition, tar content, and H2 yield. The results showed that gas and H2 yields were higher at higher temperatures, with an increase in CO and H2 contents. These findings suggest that steam-gasification with olivine can be a promising option for producing H2-rich syngas with less tar formation and lower CO2 emissions.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Max Schmid, Selina Hafner, Serge Biollaz, Joerg Schneebeli, Gebhard Waizmann, Guenter Scheffknecht
Summary: This study focuses on using limestone as a bed additive in sewage sludge gasification to reduce the production of tar, H2S, and COS. Results show that adding limestone can significantly reduce heavy tar species and decrease H2S and COS concentrations without affecting NH3 levels. This approach can effectively mitigate facility problems related to tar and reduce downstream cleaning efforts.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Maria Cortazar, Jon Alvarez, Gartzen Lopez, Maider Amutio, Maite Artetxe, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar
Summary: The combination of delocalized units for biomass pyrolysis and centralized units for bio-oil gasification is an economically attractive option for full-scale syngas production. The study focuses on validating a bio-oil feeding device and assessing the effect of gasification temperature on gas properties and conversion efficiency. The results show that increasing temperature promotes tar reduction, carbon conversion efficiency, and gas yield.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xi Zeng, Limin Wang, Fang Wang, Dandan Hu, Peng Wu, Xiaoyong Lai
Summary: This study investigated the reaction characteristics of tar thermal cracking and steam reforming using a micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA). The yields of gas components and carbon conversion were calculated and compared at different temperatures and steam partial pressures. The results showed that by raising temperature and steam partial pressure, the yields of H2/CO/CH4 and carbon conversion increased, while the trend of CO2 was initially increasing and subsequently decreasing. The reaction time in tar steam reforming was longer compared to thermal cracking, and there was a reduction in all reaction rates of gas generation and carbon conversion. Additionally, the activated energy of gas components generation and total carbon conversion decreased in tar steam reforming, and steam partial pressure had no impact on the activated energy.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bijan Hejazi
Summary: In this study, a novel heat integration alternative for biomass gasification is proposed, which involves cooling the syngas to near-ambient temperature using an indirect water condenser. A one-dimensional kinetic model is developed and validated against experimental data to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The study also shows that increasing the bio-oil recycle ratio can improve water conversion and chemical efficiency at the expense of carbon conversion and thermal efficiency.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Cody Park, Rushikesh K. Joshi, Eric Falascino, Yaswanth Pottimurthy, Dikai Xu, Dawei Wang, Ashin Sunny, Soohwan Hwang, Anuj S. Joshi, Pinak Mohapatra, Sonu Kumar, Qiaochu Zhang, Qichang Meng, Vedant Shah, Andrew Tong, Liang-Shih Fan
Summary: This study proposes a robust Biomass to Syngas (BTS) chemical looping system for gasifying biomass into syngas, suitable for liquid fuel production. The system has been demonstrated successfully on a sub-pilot scale, proving its commercial viability. The system can effectively reduce tar concentration, achieve high-quality syngas, and decrease biomass requirement compared to conventional biomass gasifiers.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Si Woo Han, Diyar Tokmurzin, Jeong Jae Lee, Sung Jin Park, Ho Won Ra, Sang Jun Yoon, Tae-Young Mun, Sung Min Yoon, Ji Hong Moon, Jae Goo Lee, Young-Min Kim, Young Woo Rhee, Myung Won Seo
Summary: This study investigates the gasification characteristics of waste plastic and the tar removal properties of activated carbon and olivine. The results show that using activated carbon and olivine can effectively reduce the tar content and improve the quality of the product gas, and steam gasification can increase the content of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ningbo Gao, Jamilu Salisu, Cui Quan, Paul Williams
Summary: The gasification of biomass produces syngas for electricity generation and fuels production, but tar generated as a by-product causes issues. Catalytic steam reforming with nickel-based catalysts can convert tar into more syngas efficiently. Research has focused on modifying nickel-based catalysts to improve performance in steam tar reforming.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chongcong Li, Xingli Gong, Hao Zhang, Yan Zhang
Summary: A modified two-stage sorption-enhanced steam gasification of biomass (SESGB) process has been proposed and studied for H2 production. Compared with the conventional one-stage process, this two-stage process is more effective in removing tar, increasing H2 concentration and yield as well as reducing CaO consumption.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Giovanna Ruoppolo, Francesco Miccio, Michele Miccio, Paola Brachi, Riccardo Chirone
Summary: The study found that sewage sludge ashes showed good catalytic performance during wood pellet gasification, and a spouted-fluidized bed configuration significantly improved gas-solid contact efficiency, reducing tar and improving syngas quality.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yukun Li, Paul T. Williams
Summary: In this study, high-density polyethylene was pyrolyzed and catalytically steam reformed to produce hydrogen-rich syngas. Different catalyst temperatures and steam inputs were optimized to achieve the highest syngas yield. Polyolefin plastics showed the highest syngas production, with biochar catalyst performing better than RDF char catalyst.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chongcong Li, Rui Liu, Jinhao Zheng, Zhenyu Wang, Yan Zhang
Summary: The study shows that CHCS, after hydration-calcination treatment, exhibits higher catalytic activity for tar reforming and faster reaction rate for CO2 absorption with better H-2 selectivity. Increasing temperature helps reduce tar content, but lowers H-2 content and increases CO2 content. A higher Ca/C ratio leads to higher H-2 content.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhibin Liu, Chuankai Zhao, Longhao Cai, Xinman Long
Summary: A multi-stage model for H-2 rich syngas production from biomass gasification was developed in this study. The results showed that under specific conditions, high H-2 content and carbon conversion efficiency can be achieved.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Beatrice Vincenti, Francesco Gallucci, Enrico Paris, Monica Carnevale, Adriano Palma, Mariangela Salerno, Carmine Cava, Orlando Palone, Giuliano Agati, Michele Vincenzo Migliarese Caputi, Domenico Borello
Summary: The selection of an appropriate bed material is crucial in fluidized bed gasification but often underestimated. The ideal material should be cost-effective, heat-resistant, and have minimal chemical interaction with biomass. In this study, olivine and K-feldspar were tested in a fluidized bed gasifier using almond shells as biomass. The syngas produced was characterized and compared in terms of composition and contaminants. It was found that olivine resulted in higher concentrations of heavy metals in the syngas compared to K-feldspar, and K-feldspar produced a more hydrogen-rich syngas.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
David Trueba, Roberto Palos, Javier Bilbao, Jose M. Arandes, Alazne Gutierrez
Summary: This study conducted kinetic modeling of the hydrocracking of a mixture of polystyrene (PS) and vacuum gasoil (VGO). Different reaction networks and kinetic models were studied, and the optimal conditions for maximizing the yield of naphtha and complete conversion of PS were determined. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for scaling-up studies on the large-scale valorization of waste plastics.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Leire Landa, Aingeru Remiro, Beatriz Valle, Javier Bilbao, Ana G. Gayubo
Summary: The choice of reactors and reforming strategies significantly affects H2 production from raw bio-oil. Packed-bed and fluidized-bed reactors were compared in terms of conversion, product yields, and deactivation using a NiAl2O4 spinel catalyst for steam reforming and sorption enhanced steam reforming (with dolomite to capture CO2). The results showed that the FBR had lower H2 yields due to less efficient gas-solid contact. Catalyst deactivation was related to coke deposition and varied depending on the reactor type and reforming strategy. The presence of dolomite extended the stable catalyst activity period in both reactors.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Thermodynamics
M. Cortazar, L. Santamaria, G. Lopez, J. Alvarez, L. Zhang, R. Wang, X. Bi, M. Olazar
Summary: In the current energy scenario, biomass gasification is considered a key technology for producing heat, power, and biofuels. However, the presence of high levels of tar in syngas poses challenges to the commercialization of biomass gasification technologies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of tar formation and elimination mechanisms, the adverse effects of tar, and tar analyzing techniques. It also summarizes the primary strategies for tar removal, including the impact of operation parameters, catalyst utilization, and reactor design on tar formation and elimination.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ronaldo Correia de Brito, Mikel Tellabide, Aitor Atxutegi, Idoia Estiati, Martin Olazar, Jose T. Freire
Summary: This study aims to propose a fully predictive model for intermittent drying in conical spouted bed dryers. The proposed model provides physically consistent results and is coherent with the experimental data. It contributes to obtain optimal drying parameters in order to minimize drying costs and improve product quality.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Francisco J. Vela, Roberto Palos, Suni Rodriguez, M. Josune Azkoiti, Javier Bilbao, Alazne Gutierrez
Summary: In this study, the co-hydrocracking of HDPE with VGO over a PtPd/HY catalyst was investigated for converting the blend into high-quality fuels. The effects of reaction time on product yields and composition were assessed. Results showed that a naphtha fraction rich in 1-ring aromatics with a RON value of 92.5 and an LCO fraction mainly iso-paraffinic with a cetane index of 43.8 were obtained at 120 min. The coke deposited on the catalyst was found to be mainly formed at short contact times (< 15 min) and less condensed at long contact times.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Irati Garcia, Laura Santamaria, Gartzen Lopez, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar, Maider Amutio, Maite Artetxe
Summary: This study analyzes the production of hydrogen gas through biomass pyrolysis and catalytic reforming. By optimizing process parameters and utilizing a two-step reaction system, the researchers were able to achieve higher hydrogen yields by adjusting the equivalence ratio.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Santiago Orozco, Laura Santamaria, Maite Artetxe, Jon Alvarez, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar, Gartzen Lopez
Summary: The continuous catalytic fast pyrolysis of plastics was studied using a conical spouted bed reactor equipped with a fountain confiner and draft tube. An inexpensive equilibrium fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst was used. Operating under oxidative conditions improved product distribution and catalyst activity and stability. The role of the presence of air in the reaction environment on catalyst stability and deactivation mechanism was assessed.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Maria Cortazar, Jon Alvarez, Gartzen Lopez, Maider Amutio, Maite Artetxe, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar
Summary: The combination of delocalized units for biomass pyrolysis and centralized units for bio-oil gasification is an economically attractive option for full-scale syngas production. The study focuses on validating a bio-oil feeding device and assessing the effect of gasification temperature on gas properties and conversion efficiency. The results show that increasing temperature promotes tar reduction, carbon conversion efficiency, and gas yield.
Article
Energy & Fuels
A. Portillo, O. Parra, J. Erena, A. T. Aguayo, J. Bilbao, A. Ateka
Summary: By using In2O3-ZrO2/SAPO-34 tandem catalyst, the deactivation of the catalyst due to rapid coke deposition on SAPO-34 can be avoided in the direct synthesis of olefins. Co-feeding H2O and/or methanol can alleviate coke deactivation, but high H2O concentration may lower the acidity of SAPO-34, limiting the performance of the tandem catalyst.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zuria Tabernilla, Ainara Ateka, Javier Bilbao, Andres T. Aguayo, Eva Epelde
Summary: The ethylene oligomerization into liquid fuels under slightly over atmospheric pressure is a promising way to utilize excess ethylene and intensify fuel production from refinery secondary streams. Experimental runs were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor using a hierarchical porous catalyst, and results showed a high yield of C5+ liquid fuel at temperatures above 325 degrees C. The matrix in the catalyst played a significant role in attenuating deactivation and the cracking of hard coke.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Enara Fernandez, Laura Santamaria, Irati Garcia, Maider Amutio, Maite Artetxe, Gartzen Lopez, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar
Summary: This study evaluates the evolution and main mechanisms of catalyst deactivation in the steam reforming of biomass pyrolysis volatiles through continuous operation. Biomass pyrolysis was conducted in a conical spouted bed reactor at a temperature of 500 °C, followed by reforming in a fixed bed reactor at 600 °C. The influence of catalyst location on the reforming reactor was also analyzed. Deactivated samples were analyzed using various techniques, including N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, SEM, TEM, TPO, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopies. The main cause of catalyst decay was found to be coke deposition, with no observed sintering or oxidation of Ni sites.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aitor Arregi, Laura Santamaria, Gartzen Lopez, Martin Olazar, Javier Bilbao, Maite Artetxe, Maider Amutio
Summary: The pyrolysis and in line steam reforming of different types of agroforestry biomass wastes were studied, and their effects on conversion, product yields and H2 production were evaluated. The composition of pyrolysis volatiles obtained from different biomasses resulted in variations in activity and catalyst deactivation rate.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Correction
Chemistry, Applied
Jia Liu, Juntong Dong, Xiaodan Li, Teng Xu, Zhenguo Li, Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah, Mubasher Ikram, Shihai Zhang, Chao Jin, Zhenlong Geng, Tianyun Sun, Haifeng Liu
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Seba Alareeqi, Daniel Bahamon, Kyriaki Polychronopoulou, Lourdes F. Vega
Summary: This study explores the potential application of single-atom-alloy (SAA) catalysts in bio-oils hydrodeoxygenation refining using density functional theory (DFT) and microkinetic modeling. It establishes the relationships between stability, adsorptive properties, and activity structures for bio-oil derivatives, providing guidance for the synthesis of cost-effective SAA combinations.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bin Hu, Wen -Ming Zhang, Xue-Wen Guo, Ji Liu, Xiao Yang, Qiang Lu
Summary: This study explored the pyrolysis behaviors and mechanisms of different monosaccharides, including arabinose, galactose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. The roles of structural differences in these monosaccharides were analyzed, and it was found that glucuronic acid undergoes a special C-C bond breaking reaction during pyrolysis. The findings provide a deep understanding of the pyrolysis chemistry of hemicellulose and the role of different branches.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Youwei Zhi, Donghai Xu, Guanyu Jiang, Wanpeng Yang, Zhilin Chen, Peigao Duan, Jie Zhang
Summary: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an effective method for the harmless disposal of municipal sludge (MS) and offers potential applications for the obtained products. Optimizing reaction conditions, coupling with other waste materials, and combining different processes can improve the performance of HTC. Furthermore, HTC contributes to energy recovery and enhances the quality of life cycle assessment.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jia Wang, Jianchun Jiang, Dongxian Li, Xianzhi Meng, Arthur J. Ragauskas
Summary: This study presents a scalable process for converting holocellulose and cellulosic wastes into advanced oxygen-containing biofuels with high furan, cyclic ketone, and ethanol content. By combining hydropyrolysis and vapor-phase hydrodeoxygenation using Pd/Al2O3 as a catalyst, the researchers achieved high yields and conversions. The integrated process holds great promise for biomass waste conversion into advanced biofuels.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Florian Held, Jannis Reusch, Steffen Salenbauch, Christian Hasse
Summary: The accurate prediction and assessment of soot emissions in internal combustion engines are crucial for the development of sustainable powertrains. This study presents a detailed quadrature-based method of moments (QMOM) soot model coupled with a state-of-the-art flow solver for the simulation of gasoline engines. The model accurately describes the entire cause-and-effect chain of soot formation, growth and oxidation. Experimental validation and engine cycle simulations are used to identify the root cause of observed soot formation hotspots.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
