Journal
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
Volume 90, Issue 4, Pages 520-524Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.01.008
Keywords
Biodiesel; Solid catalyst; Tri-potassium phosphate
Funding
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE)
- FWU
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [21360390] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Transesterification of waste cooking oil with methanol, using tri-potassium phosphate as a solid catalyst, was investigated. Tri-potassium phosphate shows high catalytic properties for the transesterification reaction, compared to CaO and tri-sodium phosphate. Transesterification of waste cooking oil required approximately two times more solid catalyst than transesterification of sunflower oil. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield reached 97.3% when the transesterification was performed with a catalyst concentration of 4 wt.% at 60 degrees C for 120 min. After regeneration of the used catalyst with aqueous KOH solution, the FAME yield recovered to 88%. Addition of a co-solvent changed the reaction state from three-phase to two-phase, but reduced the FAME yield, contrary to the results with homogeneous catalysts. The catalyst particles were easily agglomerated by the glycerol drops derived from the homogeneous liquid in the presence of co-solvents, reducing the catalytic activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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